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Pozostać czy wyemigrować? Autochtoni i Ukraińcy w województwie pilskim w latach 1975–1989 w dokumentach Służby Bezpieczeństwa

100%
Słabig A.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2013
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vol. 78
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issue 2
59-97
EN
In the Piła Province established in 1975, two small groups of inhabitants were recorded who diff ered from the rest of the population in terms of their origin and cultural identity. They were indigenous inhabitants (Polish natives) and Ukrainians deported there within the “Akcja Wisła” campaign (1947). Indigenous inhabitants who lived mainly in the area of Złotów were referred to as Krajniacy. Compared with other communities from the former Polish-German borderland, Krajniacy identified themselves most strongly with Polishness and found it relatively easy to adjust to new social-political conditions after WWII. Ukrainians from south-east Poland were subjected to a long-lasting process of assimilation. Dispersed in a foreign surrounding, they found it diffi cult to maintain their cultural and religious identity. The deterioration of Poland’s economic situation aft er 1975 made many young indigenous inhabitants and Ukrainians leave the country. The former emigrated mostly to West Germany, which provided them with full civic rights and social benefits; the latter chose Canada – a country inhabited by over a million of people of Ukrainian origin. Some of them became social activists. They revived the activity of the Ukrainian Social-Cultural Society and institutions of the quasi-official Greek Catholic Church. Some indigenous inhabitants expressed their will to join bodies open only to people of German national identity, which had not yet been legalized. Ukrainians and representatives of the Polish indigenous population were considered “suspicious” and, until the end of 1989, they were invigilated by the Security Service. The article is based on the documentation of operational activities connected with cases under the operational code-names of “Moor” and “Ideowcy”.
2
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Obrazy Ziem Zachodnich i Północnych w Polskiej Kronice Filmowej w latach 1944-1948

100%
Jędrzejski Ł.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2021
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issue 1 (378)
73-95
EN
The aim of the article is to present the images of the political communication created by the editorial team of the Polish Film Chronicle (PKF), an important means of transmission of political contents. In the research considerations, the hypothesis was adopted that in post-war Poland, the PKF became an important component of propaganda activities carried out by the state. Apart from the press and the radio, it was an important tool of political influence in the state authority- society relations. The article uses the technique of exegesis and media analysis. The system analysis method was also used. The study has shown that the political communication of the PKF contained a whole set of meanings, values and principles that played an important role in the media and political message concerning Western and Northern Territories in Poland and influenced the creation of their image. The pictures of the Western and Northern Territories presented by the editorial team of the PKF were a component of the political communication process, of which the final effect was to legitimize the actions of the post-war state authorities. Joining new territories to the "Motherland" symbolized the cohesion of the nation and the state. The glory of historical events related to the Western and Northern Territories, referred to in the communication messages of the PKF, and the construction of a new symbolic and cultural order were characterized by political intentionality and trivial indoctrination. The consistent reference to the myth of the Piast Poland with regards to the Western and Northern Territories had a compensatory function after the loss of the Eastern Borderlands of the Republic of Poland. The subject of the films included in the PKF shaped the image of the Western and Northern Territories and contained elements of anti-war, anti-German, patriotic, national and popular propaganda desired by the state authorities. The content of the PKF fostered the Polonization of the memory concerning the end of the war and its consequences, and strove to increase the achievements of the glorious tradition of the Polish nation in viewers’ eyes.
3
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WeSterN AND NOrtHerN LANDS

86%
Kucharski W.
Studia Theologica Varsaviensia
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2018
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vol. 56
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issue 2
215-228
EN
Primate Stefan Wyszyński engaged in a series of administrative and diplomatic activities related to the institution of the Polish Church organisation in the Western Lands. In the years 1948-1967 he exercised his authority over the Church in this area. He initially supervised apostolic administrators in Wrocław, Opole, Gorzów Wielkopolski, and in Olsztyn and Gdańsk, and after their removal in 1951 he sanctioned vicar capitulars elected by the state authority to preserved unity of the Church in Poland. In 1956 his attempts resulted in the restoration of the relevant bishops to their posts. In 1967 at his request the Pope Paul VI excluded the Church organisation in the Western Lands from the jurisdiction of Primate of Poland and subordinated it directly to the Holy See, instituting apostolic administrations there. primate repeatedly conducted negotiations with the Holy See in case of the institution of the Polish Church organisation in this area, which ended only after the ratification of the Polish-German treaty in 1972 by the announcement of the apostolic constitution Episcoporum Poloniae coetus. During the entire period Primate repeatedly visited archdiocese of Wrocław and supported the activities of the hierarchs governing this area, initially priest Karol Milik, and subsequently priest Kazimierz Lagosz and since 1956 bishop Bolesław Kominek. Primate Wyszyński repeatedly emphasised the rights of Poland to these lands in his speeches and sermons delivered in Wrocław. He proved that they resulted, on the one hand from their historical embeddedness in the Polish culture (he was referring to the relations of Silesia with Poland in the Piast period), and on the other hand he pointed to the re-Catholising mission of the Church in these lands. He also indicated that these lands are the peculiar compensation for the losses incurred by the Polish nation during the Second World War. He perceived the tasks of the Church in this area during the period of the stabilisation of the Polish Church administration as the Polish reason of state. 
4
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Episkopat wobec integralności ziem polskich po II wojnie światowej. Wybrane problemy z najnowszej literatury i źródeł

58%
Gryz R.
UR Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
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2020
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vol. 16
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issue 3
100-122
EN
The article presents selected issues concerning Polish Primates cardinal August Hlond and cardinal Stefan Wyszyński and other bishops’ engagement in the case of emergence and stabilisation of the Polish church administration on the Western and Northern Lands after World War II. It covers the most important stages in the chronology of events related to this topic (1945 – 1951 – 1956 – 1972). The most significant decisions were made in August 1945, when five apostolic administrations were created for the dioceses of Warmia and Gdańsk, Gorzów, Opole Silesia and Lower Silesia. In June 1972, after the Bundestag’s ratification of the border agreement between the Polish People's Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany, the temporary nature of the Polish ecclesiastical structures on the so-called Recovered Territories came to an end. In his bull Episcoporum Poloniae coetus, Pope Paul VI liquidated apostolic administrations and created four new dioceses (Gorzów, Koszalin-Kołobrzeg, Szczecin-Kamieńsk and Opole). In the twenty-seven-year long process of stabilisation of the Polish ecclesiastical structures, the position of successive Popes and the Holy See was decisive. They were taking into account the views of the German and Polish episcopates and the state of Polish-German relations in the matter of the boundary line approval. The most active among the Polish hierarchy was Bishop Bolesław Kominek (apostolic administrator in Opole, archbishop of Wrocław, and cardinal). The basis of the article’s synthetic narrative is the selection of the latest Polish publications on state-church relations in Poland after the Second World War, and source editions. The personal notes of Primate Wyszyński – Pro memoria, pastoral letters of the Polish Episcopate, announcements of the Episcopal Conference of Poland, and official statements of bishops, among others, were used.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyselekcjonowane kwestie dotyczące zaangażowania prymasów Polski kardynała Augusta Hlonda i kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego oraz innych biskupów w sprawę powstania i stabilizacji polskiej administracji kościelnej na Ziemiach Zachodnich i Północnych po II wojnie światowej. Uwzględniono najważniejsze etapy w chronologii wydarzeń związanych z tą problematyką (1945 – 1951 – 1956 – 1972). Najistotniejsze okazały się decyzje podjęte w sierpniu 1945 r., kiedy utworzono pięć administratur apostolskich dla diecezji warmińskiej z siedzibą w Olsztynie, gdańskiej oraz w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim, Opolu dla Śląska Opolskiego i Wrocławiu dla Dolnego Śląska. W czerwcu 1972 r., po ratyfikacji przez Bundestag układu granicznego zawartego między Polską Rzeczpospolitą Ludową a Republiką Federalną Niemiec, zakończył się okres tymczasowości polskich struktur kościelnych na tzw. Ziemiach Odzyskanych. Papież Paweł VI w bulli Episcoporum Poloniae coetus zlikwidował administratury apostolskie i utworzył cztery nowe diecezje (gorzowską, koszalińsko-kołobrzeską, szczecińsko-kamieńską i opolską). W procesie stabilizacji polskich struktur kościelnych, który trwał dwadzieścia siedem lat, decydujące było stanowisko kolejnych papieży i Stolicy Apostolskiej. Uwzględniali oni poglądy niemieckiego i polskiego episkopatu oraz stan relacji polsko-niemieckich w kwestii aprobaty linii granicznej. Wśród polskich hierarchów najaktywniejszy okazał się biskup Bolesław Kominek (administrator apostolski w Opolu, arcybiskup wrocławski i kardynał). W artykule podstawę syntetycznej narracji stanowi wybór polskojęzycznych, najnowszych publikacji na temat relacji państwowokościelnych w Polsce po II wojnie światowej oraz edycje źródłowe. Wykorzystano między innymi osobiste notatki prymasa Wyszyńskiego Pro memoria, listy pasterskie Episkopatu Polski, komunikaty Konferencji Episkopatu Polski oraz oficjalne wypowiedzi biskupów.
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