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Zeszyty Prawnicze
|
2015
|
vol. 15
|
issue 1
205-229
PL
Forms of EU Assistance for Small Farms in Poland Summary The latest CAP reform has pointed out the need to maintain the vitality and development of small farms. The basic principle of the reform is for these farms to perform an important role in the multifunctional development of rural areas throughout the whole EU. Alongside their traditional farming activities these farms have a unique favourable impact on the natural environment by maintaining its biodiversity. They also support the rich European traditions and customs in food production. They are producers of good, healthy food; they provide millions of jobs, thereby reducing unemployment, not only in rural areas. In appreciation of these assets, the new EU financial perspective envisages many forms of support, especially financial support for small farms, within both pillars of the CAP. This article gives a favourable preliminary assessment of these forms of assistance. But there are drawbacks as well. One is the small extent of the assistance, expressed by the relatively low amount of expenditure planned for the financing of the assistance. Another drawback is too strict criteria for access to certain forms of financial supports, which could be used by small farms, provided in the Rural Development Programme for the years 2014-2020. This will cause that a large group of small farms do not benefit from the aid provided there.
EN
In the article introduced current assignments of Common Agricultural Policy of European Union and conditionings of their changes, and especially growing supporting development of rural areas. Today CAP has new functions and aims because - except hitherto existing supporting of structural transformations - awaits protection of environment, maintenance of biodiversity, rational water management, productions raw materials for renewable energy production. The separation of direct payments from production and the diminution range of intervention on markets of farming EU causes that CAP becomes more oriented on market needs and enlarges market orientation of farmers and competitiveness. For the assurance conditions of the competition it is nesesary to assure equal conditions for competition of agricultural sector on equal agriculture market, what will be possible only within the framework of the community mechanism of financing of EU agriculture policy.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono aktualne zadania Wspólnej Polityki Rolnej Wspólnoty Europejskiej i uwarunkowania ich zmian, a zwłaszcza rosnącą rolę wspierania rozwoju obszarów wiejskich. Dzisiaj WPR ma nowe funkcje i cele, gdyż – oprócz dotychczasowego wspierania przemian strukturalnych – oczekuje się chronienia środowiska naturalnego, zachowania bioróżnorodności, racjonalnego gospodarowania wodą, wytwarzania surowców do produkcji energii odnawialnej. Oddzielenie płatności bezpośrednich od produkcji i zmniejszenie zakresu interwencji na rynkach rolnych UE powoduje, że WPR staje się bardziej ukierunkowana na potrzeby rynku i zwiększa rynkową orientację rolników oraz konkurencyjność. Dla zapewnienia warunków konkurencji konieczne jest zapewnienie równych warunków konkurencji sektora rolnego na jednolitym rynku rolnym, co będzie możliwe tylko w ramach wspólnotowego mechanizmu finansowania polityki rolnej UE.
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