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1

The Sopona Pandemic among the Yoruba of West Africa: Local Interpretations and Colonial Interventions

100%
Oladiti A. A., Ajibade S. I., Oyewale G. M.
West Bohemian Historical Review
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2022
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vol. 12
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issue 2
249-261
EN
Smallpox, also known as (Sopona), is one of the epidemic plagues experienced among the Yoruba people of West Africa especially in Abeokuta and Lagos under colonial rule. The aim of this study is to examine the Yoruba perception of the management of smallpox infection, socio-cultural beliefs about it and the colonial interventions in the management of the disease condition in Africa. This is necessary to explain the construction of indigenous knowledge via indigenous traditional science related to the history of medicine in Nigeria under colonialism. There is paucity of data and detailed historical narratives on the local interpretations and colonial interventions of the sopona pandemic and the procedures adopted in the containment of the spread of the disease as well as the colonial response to the disease outbreak. The interconnectivity between the pandemic and colonial rule shows that the disease condition was more difficult to control than officials expected, thereby increasing the transmission rate and spreading the epidemic among the population. Over the period, large numbers of people among the natives and colonial invaders died from the disease, causing widespread fear to the colonial authorities. The colonial officials in Nigeria were not equipped to handle the outbreak, given their uncertain knowledge of its etiology and lack of vaccination or drug for its treatment in Western medical science during the colonial period. The study relied on both primary and secondary sources. Primary data included oral interviews, newspaper reports and archival materials. Secondary sources were obtained from university libraries and research institutes across Nigeria. Data were historically analysed from the outbreak of smallpox to the period modern vaccination was introduced in 20th Century. The innovativeness of this study is to articulate how local people handled and interpreted disease conditions with their socio-cultural system and beliefs in contrast to the colonial perspectives and interventions in cases of illness and health among the Yoruba people of Africa in the colonial era. It is, therefore, against this background that this study provides a historical analysis of the Sopona pandemic among the Yoruba people of West Africa in colonial times.
2
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The ethnopragmatics of Yoruba personal names: Language in the context of culture

100%
Ehineni T.
Studies in African Languages and Cultures
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2019
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issue 53
69-90
EN
While the subject of Yoruba names has been significantly explored by previous studies, this paper discusses extensively the nature of such names from an ethnopragmatic framework, with the aim of explicating how Yoruba names are formed, their various cultural contexts as well as the significant functions they play in the Yoruba ethnolinguistic ecology. It identifies and categorizes personal names based on contexts such as family situation, circumstantces of birth, religious orientation, death situation and profession. This paper reinforces that names are not just arbitrary labels, but most notably, linguistic categories – lexical, phrasal or sentential – that have indexical relationship to sociocultural meanings and functions, places, time, people, and events.
3
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Construction morphology in Yoruba names: Schemas and processes

100%
O. Ehineni T.
Studies in African Languages and Cultures
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2022
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issue 56
81-100
EN
This article is an attempt to explore how the framework of construction morphology may apply to the analysis of Yoruba names. Following this approach, we show that each Yoruba name is a unique construction involving semantic, syntactic and phonological properties. Hence, this discussion highlights that names constitute a form-meaning pair. Yoruba names may be grouped into categories as distinct constructions with unique SEM, SYN and PHON properties. More specifically, it is observed that PHON properties may include word initial vowel elision, syllable elision, vowel and consonant elongation while SYN features include processes of lexicalization of sentential forms. Furthermore, the article reveals that Yoruba names may show constructional patterns that are deviant from regular processes, observed by previous studies to occur in similar linguistic environments. These patterns, therefore, are part of the unique constructional property of Yoruba personal names in contradistinction to other word formation contexts.
4

The Yoruba Concept of the Okun Omo Iya as a Critique of Martin Buber’s “I-Thou” and the Quest for Environmental Sustainability

100%
Esan O. D., Awe S. K.
Dialogue and Universalism
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2023
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issue 2
233-253
EN
This paper attempts to critique the existential philosophy of Martin Buber’s theory of the “I-Thou” using the Yoruba concept of okun omo iya. The need for the realization of a sustainable environment has been a point of focus for researchers, scholars, and government policy makers. The reason for this realization is not far-fetched. According to a record from World Health Organisation (WHO), one-quarter of all deaths worldwide are attributed to over-exploitation and reckless usage of the environment. This undoubtedly has caused several human-induced disasters such as floods. The reckless usage and abuse of the environment is predicated on the domineering tendency of humans towards the environment. Martin Buber, in his existentialist philosophy, argues that humans should treat their relations as “I-Thou” (as subjects) and not as “I-It” (as objects). It follows that humans must be considerate in relating with each other such that fellow humans should not be treated as a means to an end, rather as ends in themselves. Simply put, fellow humans should not be seen as objects that others can either control, dominate, or subdue. However, Buber’s existentialist philosophy is human-centered, as it excludes the non-human entities and as well, failed to explain the relationship that should exist between humans and non-human entities. Hence, the Yoruba concept of okun omo iya will be used as a paradigm to remodel and re-configure the existentialist philosophy of Buber in a way that is environmentally inclusive.
5
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Genderlect as discourse in Yoruba movies

86%
Osoba J. B., Oluwamusanmi S. G.
Crossroads. A Journal of English Studies
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2016
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vol. 12
EN
This paper offers an analysis of gender discourse of Yoruba male and female movie characters. The Yoruba speech community is one of the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Their genderlect is examined and investigated in terms of their use of minimal responses, intensifiers, hedges, tag questions, polite and taboo words. The techniques of Media Monitoring and purposive sampling were employed to obtain relevant data. Randomly, four Yoruba movies were selected from which forty eight scenes were analyzed. From each movie twelve scenes, comprising single gender interaction and mixed gender interactions were considered. Social constructivism theory combined with the relevant aspects of Discourse Analysis was employed for the data analysis. In addition, a Chi-square analysis was done. The findings show significant differences between the gender groups in the use of hedges, intensifiers, minimal responses, taboos and euphemistic or polite words. The findings also corroborate the constructionist assumptions regarding gender-bound language taking context into consideration. Thus we conclude that the differences in the usage of male and female movie characters are determined, as empirically evidenced, by several sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic and discourse features within the context of situation or interaction in the Yoruba milieu.
6

Becoming Olorisa: Ede Town (Nigeria) in the Making of Ulli Beier and Susanne Wenger

72%
Oyeweso S., Oluwafunminiyi R.
West Bohemian Historical Review
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2022
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vol. 12
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issue 1
97-112
EN
This paper examines the place of the historic Yoruba town of Ede, southwest Nigeria and the institution of Timi (traditional title of all Ede kings) in the evolution and development of Ulli Beier and Susanne Wenger’s thoughts on Yoruba art, culture and religion. At Ede, under the guardianship of its king, Timi John Adetoyese Laoye I (1946–1975), Beier and Wenger were introduced into Yoruba culture and its religious cults and belief systems. Beier, in particular, was also introduced to the prominent traditional rulers in Yorubaland who were generally regarded as the custodians of Yoruba heritage and culture. This paved way for many of his discoveries and experiences on African cultures and religion where he was exposed to vast troves of sacred arts, rites, artefacts and the divination system of the Yoruba. Similarly, Wenger acknowledged that she was introduced into the mysterious world of the Yoruba belief systems by the Ajagemo (head of Obatala cult in Ede). The pair later became the purveyors and propagators of Yoruba art, culture and religions, although each one followed different approaches. They went on to influence and preserve Yoruba belief systems and culture. Beier was instrumental to the propagation of Yoruba talking drums and the recording of traditional history, festivals and Oriki (praise poetry) of Ede. Wenger, on the other hand, became a priestess and member of several cults in Osogbo. The paper draw its analysis on the use of secondary sources.
7
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Zróżnicowanie etniczno-religijne w Nigerii

58%
Wilczyński P. L.
Przegląd Geopolityczny
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2019
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vol. 29
67-86
PL
Nigeria stanowi najbardziej zaludniony kraj Afryki, posiada bogate złoża surowców, w tym ropy naftowej, rozległe terytorium i najsilniejszą armię wśród państw regionu. Targają nią jednak liczne konflikty wewnętrzne, co nie pozwala temu młodemu państwu wzrastać i budować przysługującej mu pozycji regionalnego mocarstwa. Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie nigeryjskiej mozaiki religijnej i etnicznej, oraz zawiłości w polityce wewnętrznej kraju. W szczególności uwzględniono, w oparciu o kontekst historyczny, aspiracje niepodległościowe poszczególnych narodów, oraz różnice religijne, które sprzyjają powstawaniu konfliktów wewnętrznych.
EN
Nigeria is the most populated country in Africa, with rich deposits of raw materials, including oil, vast territory and the strongest army among the countries of the region. Still, there are numerous internal conflicts, which does not allow this young state to grow and build its position of a regional power. The purpose of the article is to explain the Nigerian religious and ethnic mosaic, as well as the intricacies in the domestic politics of the country. In particular, the independence aspirations of individual nations and religious differences that foster internal conflicts have been taken into account, based on historical context.
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