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1
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Krasiński i doświadczenie miłości romantycznej

100%
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2020
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vol. 74
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issue 1-2 (328-329)
431-453
EN
By referring to the legal principles of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which grants man a right to privacy, as well as to generally binding ethical principles the author protests against issuing the private correspondence of poets and men of letters who did not express consent for such a publication, a practice common in the history of literature. Letters of this sort, as testified by the example of writings concerning the correspondence of Zygmunt Krasiński and Delfina Potocka, may become the object of further far-reaching abuse. The author of the article demonstrates that in this case they are associated with a lack of elementary education in the domain of contemporary psychology on the part of Polish researchers dealing with literature. By benefitting from the discoveries and conceits of classical Freudian psychoanalysis D. Danek shows how the bond known as Romantic love between Krasiński and Delfina Potocka was a deeply authentic experience whose roots reached a tragic childhood connected with an early loss of the mother and emotional abuse committed by the father.
EN
Zygmunt Krasiński devoted much if his attention to the “philosophical” essence of the language and the origins of various tongues. His conjectures, based on speculative and mystic philosophy, are of no scientific importance; rather, they reflect the author’s strong attachment to religion. While not original, his views on the role of a mother tongue in preserving national identity are correct. The writer was interested in spelling and correct grammatical usage of the Polish language. He also focused on assessing the style of texts written in Polish and French. His views were hardly innovative, offering some value in comparison with the 19th century theory of style. Other language-related mentions: the sophistication of Juliusz Słowacki’s language and proposals of baby names based on “inspired” etymological ideas, are inconsequential.
XX
The poetical prayers by Zygmunt Krasiński are pessimistic about life. Their authors proves the tragedy of human existence. According to his poetical view nothing else is left but to say prayers for the grace of sudden death, which equals with human's liberation. The poems are - on the one hand - typical in the Catholic way of expression; on the other hand, due to Krasiński's desire of new afterlife connected with the existence despair, they went much beyond the Catholic outlook. Entire anthology of the lyrics is very much related to the poet's life, therefore it gets this particular autobiographical character.
EN
The article is an interpretation of Krasiński’s poem with respect to ‘notebook romanticism’ category. The author analyses the poem in the light of Krasiński’s literary creation process, which is preserved in the Romantic art of editing.
EN
A case study of Zygumnt Krasiński’s The Un-Divine Comedy. The article touches upon the characteristics of Zygmunt Krasiński’s creative process. The author analyses this issue in reference to the wellestablished in the history of literature argument of predominantly intellectual, historiosophical and visionary background to Krasiński’s writing. Using the example of the first part of The Un-Divine Comedy, she brings forward an argument on the weight and relevance of realistic observation of reality in the writings of this romantic author.
EN
The epistolography by Zygmunt Krasinski provides us with research material that analysis has allowed to distinguish the motifs as well as contexts undergoing an illustration of melancholy. The point of the research was to discuss the notions appearing in the letters of the Romantic, including its dependence on the iconographic presentations. After all, melancholy is an artistic figure ingrained in "the world of the pure forms" and "the world of the motifs". According to the dissertation, it was the romantic iconosphere that proved to have a great impact on Krasiński's imagination. The background of the period, his reading interests and certain paintings undoubtedly had an influence on the artist's view of reality. Therefore, melancholy present in the letters by Zygmunt Krasinski "functioned"on the principle of representations ingrained in the culture including the vanitas idea, floral motifs (leaves, flowers) orthe homo bulla motif.
XX
It has always been the tradition in Przemyśl, especially in the TPN circles, to remember anniversaries of the three great Polish Romantics. It is 200 years now since the youngest of them, Zygmunt Krasiński, was born. Unlike Piotr Skarga, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski or Janusz Korczak, he is not a writer whose anniversaries have been specially celebrated. It was different in 1912, though. The article called The Commemoration of the 100th Birth Anniversary of Zygmunt Krasiński in Przemyśl (“Rocznik Przemyski” 2004 vol. 40 issue 3, pp. 27-36) recalls the fine tradition which ought to be continued. Three theses on Krasiński are being published. The planned symposium has not taken place yet. Certain work on Krasiński prepared for that event might be published in 2013.
EN
Zygmunt Krasiński (1812–1859) was one of the greatest Polish Romantic poets. The objective of this article is to present his views on suffering in light of his letters written to various addressees. The article describes the problems of the causes and effects of suffering and the sense of suffering, as well as the causes and effects of man’s happiness. Krasiński saw the ultimate cause of suffering in the original sin, which had introduced disintegration in the whole created world, also in man. He viewed suffering in light of the mystery of the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, seeing it as a means of man’s spiritual development and his eternal salvation. Even though man cannot become fully happy on earth, he should aim at making others happy. The fullness of happiness can only be reached in life after death, when man will become united with God.
PL
Recenzja omawia nową edycję pism Zygmunta Krasińskiego, przygotowaną pod kierunkiem naukowym Mirosława Strzyżewskiego, obejmującą 8 tomów (w 12 woluminach). To pierwsze od kilkudziesięciu lat całościowe wydanie utworów wybitnego twórcy romantycznego, mające charakter naukowo-popularny, przynosi nowe propozycje edytorskie i interpretacyjne, podejmowane w sytuacji, kiedy zaginęły rękopisy poety. Autorzy opracowania wydawniczego proponują także odmienny od wcześniejszych edycji sposób uporządkowania twórczości Krasińskiego. Przedstawiane czytelnikowi dzieła określane zostały jako „Krasiński do czytania”, co wskazuje na zaprojektowany nowy sposób lektury utworów poety w perspektywie współczesnego odbiorcy. Recenzja umieszcza najnowszą edycję dzieł autora „Nie-Boskiej komedii” w kontekście dokonań poprzedników oraz przynosi szczegółowe, krytyczne omówienia rozwiązań edytorskich zawartych w poszczególnych tomach tego wydania.
EN
The review discusses a new edition of Zygmunt Krasiński’s works prepared under Mirosław Strzyżewski’s supervision which comprises 8 books (in 12 volumes). It is the first from a few dozen of years complete publication of the eminent romantic poet’s output of popular science character offering new editorial and interpretive proposals made at the moment when the poet’s handwritings have been lost. The authors of editorial preparation also suggest a different, in comparison to the previous ones, arrangement of Krasiński’s productivity. The works presented to readership are referred to as “Krasiński for reading” which points at the projected reading method from the perspective of a contemporary receiver. The review paper sets the newest publication of Krasiński’s works in the context of its formed editions and supports detailed critical descriptions of editorial solutions included into the individual volumes in this collection.
EN
The year 1912 – that is a time when dreams of regaining national sovereignty and launching new irredentist activities began to be reborn in the Polish society (in connection with the political turmoil in Europe auguring an imminent outbreak of the “great war”), was associated with a few important historical anniversaries, namely: the 300th anniversary of the death of Rev. Piotr Skarga, the 100th anniversary of the death of Hugo Kołłątaj, the 100th anniversary of the birth of Zygmunt Krasiński and Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, and finally the 100th anniversary of the expedition of Napoleon’s Great Army on Moscow; it was particularly the latter event that was being associated with the hopes of ‘resurrecting’ Poland within its pre-partition borders. The above-mentioned anniversaries created an excellent opportunity for the Poles to manifest – wherever possible – that is chiefly on the territory of autonomous Galicia and among the émigré circles – their patriotic feelings. For the individual political factions, these jubilee celebrations constituted an excellent pretext to intensify the struggle for the proverbial “rule of the souls”. In the year 1912 in Kraków it was primarily the memory of the author of Nie-Boska komedia and Irydion (23 February), and secondly (25–27 September) that of the author of the famous Kazania sejmowe /Diet Sermons/, that were being celebrated. The latter of the two celebrations had, above all, the character of a religious holiday. Whereas in connection with the homage paid to the memory of Zygmunt Krasiński, there appeared clear accents and allusions as well as ideologicalpolitical polemics, no scholar researching the post-partition history of the Poles can pass by with indifference. To put things in a nutshell, for the Kraków conservative-conciliatory circles which eagerly took over patronage over the organization of the celebrations associated with the 100th anniversary of the birth of the “third national poet-bard”, this holiday became an excellent opportunity to recall the warnings of the author of Nie-Boska komedia against the dire consequences of all socially radical ideologies (in the contemporary Galician realities, this meant above all, a warning against the socialists grouped around Ignacy Daszyński) and also against propagating the idea of “deed-work” rather than “deed-struggle” (as all irredentists who were then setting up unions and Polish Rifle Squads seemed to require).
XX
Agaj-Han is an interesting and important example of long-standing baroque tradition in the literature of Polish Romanticism. Krasiński employs several conventions known from heroic epic poems (Jerusalem liberated by Tasso-Kochanowski), memoirs (The Momoirs of Jan Chryzostom Pasek), baroque iconography, erotic, metaphysical and Counter-Reformation poetry. Frenetic imagination of the Romantic writer is deeply rooted in the seventeenth century frenzy. It has much in common with Baroque fascination with death and corporeality not only in its flourish, but also in destruction and decay. Vanitas in Krasiński's works occurs, most often, in tandem with Worldly Pleasure, the same as in moralistic literature of the Baroque period, especially in its Counter-Reformation stream. Theatricality (topos of life as a battle, theatrum mundi), the use of light effects, imagery of labyrinth in Agaj-Han brings to mind the Baroque period's penchant for illusion related to vanitas and oneirism forming the presented world of the novel. Orientalism in the works of Krasiński and his ambivalence towards the man of the East also has baroque roots. The ambivalence is mainly reflected in the creation of the main character, compared in the novel to a snake, who simultaneously fascinates like Rousseau's Peacock. The Polish Commonwealth in Agaj-Han was presented as antemurale, and a snake, apart from an oriental rug, became the symbol of Romantic Orientalism in Poland.
EN
For Zygmunt Krasiński feeling of shame symbolizes an initiation of a sense of one’s identity, a flash of self-knowledge of a man, who creates his human and individual identity via continuous self-creation by free act. Self-perception in shame is an emotion – both a feeling and a thought, that evokes self-representation and memory of one’s self, which are central to a sense of identity. This self-knowledge of becoming in time is both a subject and an object of the thought.
PL
Artykuł stanowi prezentację wypowiedzi literackich i paraliterackich Krasińskiego zdradzających wyczulenie poety na kwestię kobiecą, wyłamujących się ze stereotypowego, konserwatywnego – także silnie obecnego u autora Przedświtu – postrzegania ról społecznych. Analiza wybranych tekstów ujawnia wrażliwość na opresję społeczeństwa patriarchalnego w stosunku do kobiet pisarza, piętnującego rozmaite sposoby ich reifikacji (także wynikające z romantycznego ubóstwienia drugiej płci). Rozważania zamyka przypomnienie stworzonego przez Krasińskiego obrazu „trzeciej epoki”, zawierającego zapowiedź metafizycznego i społecznego zrównania płci.
PL
Jan Chryzostom Pasek’s seventeenth-century Pamiętniki [Diaries] has to be regarded an important manuscript for Polish Romanticism. The significance of this text can only be rivalled by Macpherson’s songs of Ossian, the Dvůr Králové Manuscript, or the Poetic Edda, which is attested by a considerable number of editions of this Old-Polish ‘epic work’. The first printing of a substantial part of the text appeared in 1821 in Warsaw in the Astrea magazine. This publication contributed to the complex phenomenon of the Romantic turning point. Pasek’s Pamiętniki should be counted as the third beginning of Polish Romanticism, after Adam Mickiewicz’s Ballady i romanse (first volume of Mickiewicz’s Poezyje) and Antoni Malczewski’s Maria.
PL
Between realism of observation and vision. Creative process and the value of its outcome   A case study of Zygumnt Krasiński’s The Un-Divine Comedy. The article touches upon the characteristics of Zygmunt Krasiński’s creative process. The author analyses this issue in reference to the wellestablished in the history of literature argument of predominantly intellectual, historiosophical and visionary background to Krasiński’s writing. Using the example of the first part of The Un-Divine Comedy, she brings forward an argument on the weight and relevance of realistic observation of reality in the writings of this romantic author.
PL
Zygmunt Krasiński’s Notebook Lyricism in the context of the poem entitled Bóg mi odmówił tej anielskiej miary   The article is an interpretation of Krasiński’s poem with respect to ‘notebook romanticism’ category. The author analyses the poem in the light of Krasiński’s literary creation process, which is preserved in the Romantic art of editing.
PL
Artykuł jest sprawozdaniem z konferencji naukowej "Zygmunt Krasiński - pytania o twórczość".
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2014
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vol. 105
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issue 2
206-214
EN
The author of the book convincingly proves that the most seminal argument of the Polish Romanticism was the controversy between Zygmunt Krasiński and Adam Mickiewicz.
PL
Autor książki przekonywająco dowodzi, że najważniejszym sporem polskiego romantyzmu była kontrowersja między Zygmuntem Krasińskim a Adamem Mickiewiczem.
19
Content available remote

Millenaryzm w Irydionie Zygmunta Krasińskiego

51%
EN
The answers to appealing political and historiosophical questions, off ered by the author of Irydion, appear in a form of literary ideas and require specific interpretation. Th e article discusses a historical context of several issues that Roman Catholicism confronted in nineteenth century Polish conservatism.
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