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EN
The article is devoted to historical and pedagogical analysis of school textbooks on drawing presented by the native educational thought in the 20-30 years of the twentieth century. The present article focuses on the analysis of correspondence of content and structure of textbooks on drawing to school programs during 20-30 years period. As an attempt to explore the issue the following research methods were used. Method of pedagogical analysis made it possible to identify and analyze the role of school textbooks on drawing at schools of the specific period. Narrative method helped to provide a description of facts and main concerns of school textbooks in general. Comparative method allowed us to compare the basic requirements for school textbooks and content and structure of the school program on drawing. The method of analysis and synthesis has been used by us to identify causal relationships between requirements to educational content and requirements for school textbooks. Based on the analysis of the scientific literature the author reveals the views of social activists, teachers and practitioners regarding requirements for school literature on drawing of the studied period. Correspondence of content of manuals and guides on drawing to general curriculum requirements for unified labor school has been analyzed. The article claims that in the 20–30-s of the XX century under the school education reform drawing as a subject was a part of a common core from 1st to 9th forms. However, school literature on drawing recommended was focused primarily on teachers and not always served as a basis for successful individual mastering of the subject by the pupils due to several reasons. Firstly, it was based on the traditions of European school practice. Secondly, it was not always coordinated with the objectives of a unified labor school. Since 30s the native educational thought started to intensify its activity towards the creation of school textbooks on drawing in the context of general requirements for school books and unified labor school tasks. The prospects of further analysis is said to be stated. The following objective to analyze historical and pedagogical aspects of the content of schoolbooks on drawing of the second half of the XX century is to be attained.
EN
The telescope played a crucial role in the modern scientific revolution and occupied a significant place in Baroque culture. Interest in the telescope has been confirmed by Polish literary sources and writings, including scientific treatises and compendia of knowledge. Telescopes are the subject of works on the popularization of science written in the scientia curiosa convention. Reflections on the telescope appear in the context of deliberations on the world system, on the possibility of the existence of life forms on the Moon and other celestial bodies, and in the context of polemic against Aristotelian cosmology. The telescope is an element of religious deliberations concerning eschatology and those focused on astronomy, whose aspiration to get to know the universe is motivated by secular curiosity. The matter of conducting observations of the sky with the use of the telescope has turned into a comedy show, in a satirical way relating to the practice of astrology.
PL
Artykuł jest zapisem rozmowy z Katarzyną Jakubiak (ur. 1973), pisarką, tłumaczką, wykładowczynią,przeprowadzonej przez Justynę Sobolewską i Sławomira Iwasiowa w ramach Festiwalu Literatury Kobiet „Gryfia” w czerwcu 2013 roku w Szczecinie. Autorka była nominowana w tym roku do Literackiej Nagrody „Gryfia” za tom prozy Nieostre widzenia. Zarówno książka, jak i rozmowa, która toczyła się wokół poszczególnych tekstów z tego zbioru, dotyczą takich zagadnień, jak emigracyjność, literatura akademicka czy reprezentacja w utworach literackich. Pisarka, opowiadając o kolejnych etapach powstawania zbioru Nieostre widzenia, mówiła także o swoich doświadczeniach emigracyjnych, podróżach oraz pracy na uniwersytetach w Stanach Zjednoczonych i Europie. To tematyka, którą interesują się prowadzący rozmowę: Justyna Sobolewska jest uznaną krytyczką literacką, znawczynią współczesnej literatury polskiej, współpracującą z najważniejszymi mediami opiniotwórczymi (m.in. z tygodnikiem „Polityka”), natomiast Sławomir Iwasiów bada związki najnowszej prozy z takimi kategoriami, jak podróżowanie czy tożsamość.
EN
The article documents a meet-the-author session with Katarzyna Jakubiak (born in 1973) – polish writer, translator and academic teacher. The interview took place in Szczecin on June 2013 during the cultural event Festiwal Literatury Kobiet Gryfia and was moderated by Justyna Sobolewska and Sławomir Iwasiów. This year the author got nomination to award Literacka Nagroda Gryfia for collection of short stories entitled „Nieostre widzenia”. The debate between Jakubiak, Sobolewska and Iwasiów was focused on certain issues such as: emigration, academic literature and representation in prose. Jakubiak told the audience about the process of writing but also talked about emigrational experience, traveling and teaching at the American and European universities. Those are the subjects that were interesting for the interviewers: Justyna Sobolewska is a recognized literary critic, a connoisseur of modern-day Polish literature who works for major opinion leaders in media (such as weekly magazine Polityka), while Sławomir Iwasiów is a literary scholar who explores the latest Polish prose and its relationships with such categories as travel and identity.
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