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EN
The issue discussed in the present paper is associated with a theoretical view of accounting engineering in which it is perceived as covering activities based on the use of variant solutions permitted by Polish balance sheet law. These possibilities are defined as the accounting policy of a given company. Keeping the accounts of a business enterprise in accordance with the accounting engineering paradigm requires a full use of codified variant accounting. The accounting policy of a company should, in these respects, be characterized by entries which are the least precise and the most facultative. The view of accounting assumed in the present article sees it as an auxiliary science for management and organizational studies. In this respect, it is also synonymous with recognizing accounting engineering as a paradigm of company management.
EN
In this article, we analyze the relations between modern trends in accounting and the decisionmaking process based on the classic profit-opportunity-cost-risk construction. In this aspect, four main types of accounting practices may be distinguished: bookkeeping (classic accounting), accounting engineering, creative accounting, and praxeological accounting. This study complements the author’s series of publications on accounting engineering (which is herein defined as a concept), the structure of economic auxiliary sciences, and causal relations in management practice and theory based on Bertalanffy’s general systems theory. The article covers accounting systems which emerged as a result of combining IAS solutions with domestic accounting standards and balance laws, and relates primarily to accounting theory and practice in Poland. Nevertheless, the Polish system is rooted in accounting solutions previously used in other countries, and as such may be perceived as more utilitarian, also on an international scale.
EN
This article is one in a series of two publications concerning companies’ detection of accounting engineering operations in use. Its conclusions and methods may be applied to external auditing procedures. The aim of the present duo-article is to define a method of statistical analysis that could identify procedures falling within the scope of a framework herein defined as accounting engineering. This model for analysis is meant to be employed in these aspects of initial financial and accounting audit in a business enterprise that have to do with isolating the influence of variant accounting solutions, which are a consequence of the settlement method chosen by the enterprise. Materials for statistical analysis were divided into groups according to the field in which a given company operated. In this article, we accept and elaborate on the premise that significant differences in financial results may be solely a result of either expansive policy on new markets or the acquisition of cheaper sources for operating activities. In the remaining cases, the choice of valuation and settlement methods becomes crucial; the greater the deviations, the more essential this choice becomes. Even though the research materials we analyze are regionally-conditioned, the model may find its application in other accounting systems in the country, provided that it has been appropriately implemented. Furthermore, the article defines an innovative concept of variant accounting.
EN
This article is one in a series of two publications concerning detection of accounting engineering operations in use. Its conclusions and methods may be applied to external auditing procedures. The aim of the present duo-article is to define a method of statistical analysis that could identify procedures falling within the scope of a framework herein defined as accounting engineering. This model for analysis is meant to be employed in these aspects of initial financial and accounting audit in a business enterprise that have to do with isolating the influence of variant accounting solutions, which are a consequence of the settlement method chosen by the enterprise. Materials for statistical analysis were divided into groups according to the field in which a given company operated. In this article, we accept and elaborate on the premise that significant differences in financial results may be solely a result of either expansive policy on new markets or the acquisition of cheaper sources for operating activities. In the remaining cases, the choice of valuation and settlement methods becomes crucial; the greater the deviations, the more essential this choice becomes. Even though the research materials we analyze are regionally-conditioned, the model may find its application in other accounting systems, provided that it has been appropriately implemented. Furthermore, the article defines an innovative concept of variant accounting.
PL
W niniejszym artykule omawia się kluczowe zagadnienia wiążące rachunkowość z zarządzaniem przedsiębiorstwem. Ujmowane są one w ramach polityki bilansowej danej jednostki. Należy do nich m. in. wykaz stosowanych w danym przedsiębiorstwie rozwiązań, dopuszczonych zgodnie z regułami prawa bilansowego, które mogą dać możliwość wykazywania odmiennej wartości w przypadku takich samych działań ekonomicznych prowadzonych przez jednostkę gospodarczą. W artykule szczególną uwagę poświęca się amortyzacji oraz rozchodowi zapasów.
EN
This article discusses the key issues binding accounting with business management. They are included in the balance sheet policy of a given unit. These include, among others, the list of solutions applied in a given enterprise, which, admitted in accordance with the balance sheet law rules, may give the opportunity to demonstrate a different value in the case of the same economic activities conducted by the economic unit. Particular attention is paid to amortization and stockpiling in the article.
PL
W niniejszym artykule omawia się kluczowe zagadnienia wiążące rachunkowość z zarządzaniem przedsiębiorstwem. Ujmowane są one w ramach polityki bilansowej danej jednostki. Należy do nich m.in. wykaz stosowanych w danym przedsiębiorstwie rozwiązań, które – dopuszczone zgodnie z regułami prawa bilansowego – mogą dać możliwość wykazywania odmiennej wartości w przypadku takich samych działań ekonomicznych prowadzonych przez jednostkę gospodarczą. W artykule szczególną uwagę poświęca się amortyzacji oraz rozchodowi zapasów.
EN
The article discusses key issues binding accounting with business management. They are included in the balance sheet policy of a given unit. These include i.a. a list of solutions applied in a given enterprise, which – admitted according to the rules of the balance sheet law – may give the opportunity to show a different value in the case of the same economic activities carried out by the economic unit. Particular attention is paid to amortization and expenditure of stockpile.
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