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EN
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine and metabolic disorders in reproductive age women, and it is related to changes in body size, shape and composition. Anthropometric somatotype is a quantitative description of the individual’s body shape and composition classified as endomorphy, mesomorphy or ectomorphy. Since PCOS somatotype has never previously been studied, here we evaluate body shape and composition phenomena in lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome and assess relationships with metabolic parameters. The study of 20-35 year-old women was carried out at the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology at Vilnius University. Standard anthropometric instruments and methods were used, and J. Matiegka’s equations calculated skeletal mass, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and muscles and internal organs. In addition, Heath - Carter’s somatotypes were computed, and the participants’ glucose, insulin, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and lipid levels were established. We analysed data from 120 women with a mean age of 27.30 ± 3.68 years. Lean women with PCOS had greater skeletal mass by 0.47 kg (p<0.05, Cohen’s d=1.14), greater skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass by 2.79 kg (p<0.05, Cohen’s d=6.07) and lower muscle mass by 1.47 kg (p<0.05, Cohen’s d=2.84) compared to control women (p<0.05). The mean PCOS somatotype ratio was 4.96-4.38-3.00 (SD 1.50-1.26-1.11). This classified women with PCOS as mesomorphic endomorphs, in contrast to healthy women who were endomorphic mesomorphs. The PCOS subjects’ skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue and endomorphy/mesomorphy somatotype positively correlated with insulin levels and the HOMA-IR. It was established that lean women with polycystic ovary syndrome had a mesomorphic endomorph somatotype and higher skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue mass, but less muscle mass than healthy lean women. In addition, skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue positively correlated with insulin level and HOMA-IR in lean PCOS women.
PL
Apelina jest jedną z aktywnych biologicznie adipokin syntetyzowanych przez tkankę tłuszczową. Należy do grupy białek transbłonowych sprzężonych z białkiem G i wykazuje największą homologię z receptorem angiotensyny II. Badania ostatnich lat wykazały obecność apeliny w różnych narządach, takich jak: układ pokarmowy, układ krążenia, mózg, płuca, wątroba, śledziona, nerki, gruczoł sutkowy człowieka, tkanka tłuszczowa i łożysko. Apelina poprzez działanie na swoisty receptor jest zaangażowana w regulację funkcji układu sercowo-naczyniowego, gospodarki wodno-elektrolitowej (kontrola łaknienia i przyjmowania płynów), szlaku sygnałowego w centralnym układzie nerwowym, odpowiedzi immunologicznej, a także w proces embriogenezy i stymulację angiogenezy. Apelina wydaje się odgrywać istotną rolę w patofizjologii chorób metabolicznych. Wykazano, że poprawia wrażliwość komórek na insulinę i może opóźniać rozwój zaburzeń metabolicznych towarzyszących otyłości. Ponadto, jej silne działanie inotropowo dodatnie oraz hipotensyjne powoduje, że może ona znaleźć zastosowanie w leczeniu chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i nadciśnienia tętniczego.
EN
Apelin is one of biologicaly active adipokines synthesised by adipose tissue. It belongs to the group of transmembrane G protein-coupled proteins and has the highest homology to the angiotensin II receptor. Recent studies has shown the presence of apelin in many different organs, such as: digestive system, circulatory system, brain, lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, human mammary gland, adipose tissue, and placenta. Apelina by acting at specific receptor is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and immune functions, hypothalamus-hypophysis axis modulation, as well as fluid homeostasis (water intake control), embryonal development and angiogenesis. Apelina seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that apelin improves insulin sensitivity and delays the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the strong positive inotropic and hypotensive effect of apelin may find application in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension
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