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Milczenie organów administracji jako instytucja materialnego i procesowego prawa administracyjnego

100%
Staniszewska L.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2018
|
issue 2 (22)
49-78
EN
The aim of the article is to examine the institution of “Silent settlement of the matter” regulated in the Code of Administrative Procedure, as well as in the provisions of substantive law. In a number of Polish laws, the inaction of the administration is seen as bound to have certain legal consequences. Such rules cause many doubts both at the theoretical and practical level, and raise questions about the antidote to such unwanted inactivity of administration. The general clause of positive or negative fictitious adjudication in administrative matters is present in many legal systems. However, in the Polish legal system it lacks a legal definition and the silent settlement handling of the case entails problems of its classification as part of the legal forms of administration. The article shows that the mere introduction of procedural regulations will not result in a breakthrough in the institution of silent positive settlement of the matter, if the legislator does not balance the types of cases to which silence can be applied. Undoubtedly, both substantive and procedural law rules for the regulation of silent settlement are necessary and indispensable. As for substantive law, it should be a well thought-out concept in which silence of administrative bodies in handling matters could be applied without affecting the public interest or the interests the applicant, or any other party to the proceedings. On the other hand, procedural regulations are to guarantee the protection of the rights administered against the inactivity or lack of action by administrative bodies, or lengthy and protracting proceedings. Therefore, the legislator should ensure a well-considered qualification of cases to be recognised in a simplified manner, as well as adopt specific provisions that give competence to administrative bodies to settle matters tacitly so that the institution accomplishes the intended objectives of administrative improvement, and at the same time does not violate the procedural rights and guarantees of the parties for whom silence has legal effects.
2
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Zmienność (wymienność) form działania administracji publicznej

71%
Bigos J.
Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne
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2018
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vol. 16
|
issue 1 (2)
45-54
PL
The focal point of this paper is an analysis of instances of regulations that prescribe the variability (interchangeability) of legal forms of public administration’s actions. Therefore, it is a matter of special (if only because rarely occurring) cases, in which the multiformity of public administration’s activity results from the consent to accept alternative administration. The author’s intention is to present a multifaceted contemporary public administration in terms of indication and description of legal institutions, within which the legislator has introduced the possibility of choosing different forms of action by the authority, such as: the ability to issue a regulation, order or decision by the relevant authority if it proves necessary to restrict freedom and rights during the state of natural disaster, the exchangeability of an administrative decision and the administrative settlement and alternative use of administrative silence. The considerations concern the legal forms of actions on the part of public administration, because (for them) interchangeability of the forms of public administration’s actions is extremely rare and incidental, while looking at the actual (non-legal) forms of public administration allows seeing greater acceptance of the alternative behavior in the analyzed context. The reflections are supported by an attempt to answer questions about the reasons, variants and consequences of building legal regulations in a way that allows the legal forms of public administration’s action to change.
3
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New Hungarian Institutions against Administrative Silence: Friends or Foes of the Parties?

63%
Rozsnyai K. F., Hoffman I.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2020
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vol. 29
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issue 1
EN
The Programme for the Reduction of Bureaucracy launched by the Hungarian government in 2015 has several directions, such as rethinking of the system of administrative organs, reshaping of civil service, simplification of administrative procedures, and fight against administrative silence, as well. New codes on the administrative procedure and on the judicial review of the administrative decisions were passed in 2016 and 2017, and the sectoral regulation has been transformed, as well. The most important change of the sectoral procedural rules was the replacement of procedures for permissions to a simple duty of notification. The authors investigate, if these institutions really help to reduce the burdens citizens and companies have in connection with bureaucracy: whether they are efficient tools against administrative silence and really are improving the situation of the parties vis-à-vis the administration and fostering good administration. They also take a closer look on the newly established action for failure to Act I of 2017 on the Code of Administrative Court Procedure (in force since 2018) intended as an additional tool, as well as its other new institutions addressing the problem of silence of administration.
PL
Rozpoczęty w 2015 r. przez rząd węgierski Program Ograniczenia Biurokracji zawiera kilka kierunków, jak np. zmiana koncepcji systemu organów administracyjnych, zmiana kształtu służby cywilnej, uproszczenie procedur administracyjnych, a także walka z milczeniem organów administracji. W latach 2016 i 2017 wprowadzono nowe kodeksy postępowania administracyjnego i sądowoadministracyjnego oraz znowelizowano regulacje sektorowe. Najważniejszą zmianą w sektorowych przepisach postępowania była zamiana procedur związanych z uzyskaniem zgody na prosty obowiązek zgłoszenia. Przedmiotem artykułu było zbadanie, czy instytucje te istotnie pomagają w ograniczeniu biurokratycznych obciążeń obywateli i przedsiębiorstw oraz czy są one skutecznym narzędziem do radzenia sobie z milczeniem organów administracji i czy faktycznie poprawiają sytuację stron wobec administracji i sprzyjają dobrej administracji. Artykuł przybliża również nowo ustanowioną w Kodeksie postępowania sądowoadministracyjnego (obowiązującym od 2018 r.) skargę z tytułu bezczynności, pomyślaną jako dodatkowe narzędzie, a także nowe instytucje tego kodeksu dotyczące problemu milczenia organu administracji.
4

Effective Legal Protection against the Excessive Length of Administrative Decision-Making: The Cases of Slovenia and Croatia

63%
Sever T., Đanić A., Kovać P.
NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy
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2016
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vol. 9
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issue 1
135-166
EN
In administrative matters, the parties usually have a right of access to the court and to a fair trial within a reasonable time limit, as defined by constitutions, only after the exhaustion of appeals. Judicial review is performed in a majority of states by a specialised administrative court in accordance with Articles 6 and 13 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Based on a comparative research analysis of supranational and national normative law and European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) case law, this paper provides insight into the extent to which administrative matters can be reviewed in administrative disputes as well as into the legal remedies available to the parties, especially when the authorities violate time limits, focusing on the compliance of the regulation in Slovenia and Croatia with the ECHR standards. The paper also illustrates a comparative perspective of regulation in other European countries, namely Austria and Estonia. Our findings show the importance of the awareness of the necessary interplay between acts on administrative procedure and acts on administrative disputes for an effective realisation of the parties’ rights and the public interest, with administrative justice ensuring a safety net by guaranteeing an effective legal remedy.
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