Search results - CEJSH

1

Zmeny a stabilita v rodinných procesoch v priebehu skorej adolescencie

100%

Bačíková M., Hricová L., Orosová O.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

|

2018

|

vol. 62

|

issue 3

197-211

EN

Objectives. Adolescence is a period characterized by huge changes in most aspects of adolescents' development. However, research on the changes in family processes and parent-adolescent relationships has not been very frequent. Moreover, a closer look at the developmental changes within the specific period of early adolescence is needed. Sample. A five wave longitudinal study was performed with 497 adolescents (T1 mean age 11.52; T5 mean age 13.09; 59.4% of girls). Hypotheses. This study aims to examine the changes in several family processes in adolescents between the ages of 11.5 and 13. A decrease in the emotional dimension of family processes and in parental knowledge and an increase in behavioural control is expected. Statistical analysis. The changes in family processes were studied using Linear mixed models (LMM) in SPSS. Results. The LMM with longitudinal data revealed the following results: a significant decrease in satisfaction with the relationship with mother (F=14.15, p≤.000), father (F=4.6, p≤.01), caring relationships (F=6.01, p≤.01) and opportunities for meaningful participation (F=8.04, p≤.001) with no interaction effect of gender. Limits. The study only focuses on partial aspects of family processes as perceived by adolescents. A focus on other family pprocesses as well as data received from parents would be interesting.

SK

Teoretické východská. Adolescencia je charakterizovaná významnými zmenami v mnohých aspektoch vývinu dospievajúcich. Štúdie zamerané na zmeny v rodinných procesoch a vzťahy medzi adolescentom a rodičmi však nie sú časté. Zároveň sa javí byť dôležité zamerať pozornosť podrobnejšie na obdobie skorej adolescencie. Výskumný súbor. Päť vĺn zberu údajov bolo uskutečnených medzi 497 adolescentmi (priemerný vek v T1 11,52 rokov, priemerný vek v T5 13,09 rokov; 59,4 % dievčat). Hypotéza. Hlavným cieľom práce bolo sledovať zmeny v niektorých rodinných procesoch z pohľadu adolescentov mezdi 11,5tym a 13tym rokom. Očakávané bolo zhoršenie v emocionálnej dimenzii rodinných procesov a v rodičovskej informovanosti, a naopak zvýšenie percipovanej behaviorálnej kontroly rodičov. Štatistické analýzy. Zmeny v priebehu 5 vĺn zberu boli sledované pomocou lineárnych zmiešaných modelov. Výsledky. Výsledky lineárnych zmiešaných modelov poukazujú na signifikantný pokes v spokojnosti so vzťahom s matkou (F=14,15, p≤0,001),otcom (F=4,6, p≤0,01), podporných vzťahoch (F=6,01, p≤0,01) a zmysluplnej participácii (F=8,04; p≤0,001), bbez interakčného efektu s rodom. V ostatných premenných nebola zaznamenaná štatisticky významnázmena. Limity. Štúdia je zameraná len na čiastkové aspekty rodinných procesov tak, ako ich vnímajů adolescenti. Zaujímavým by bolo zamerať sa na dalšie rodinné procesy, ako i získať údaje od rodičov.

2

Edukacja emocjonalna adolescentów – program profilaktyczny ukierunkowany na wspomaganie zdrowia psychicznego

88%

Kubiak H.

Kultura-Społeczeństwo-Edukacja

|

2016

|

vol. 10

|

issue 2

111-124

EN

Adolescence is a time of particular susceptibility to mental disorders. A programme aimed at facilitating emotional development in teenagers might be an important element of prophylactic psychopathology targeting young people. The activities proposed here are group activities and have several aims: to develop the ability to become self-aware regarding one's emotions and regulate their intensity; to foster an attitude of caring for oneself; and to teach problem-solving. What is of particular significance is shaping young people’s habits in being proactive in their personal development.

3

Wyzwania okresu dorastania u osób homoseksualnych w świetle teorii rozwoju biopsychospołecznego Erika Eriksona

81%

Bandel J., Wycisk J.

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

|

2021

|

vol. 52

229-250

EN

Classical concepts of human development elaborated in the 20th century do not take into consideration the normative development of homosexual people. On the other hand, the depathologization of homosexuality has resulted in an increase of knowledge about gays’ and lesbians’ performance and health. The process of homosexual identity formation, usually beginning in adolescence, has been recognized and well described in the field of psychology. However, this knowledge is rarely integrated with general theories of human development. The article presents the developmental challenges of adolescence and points out the limitations and possibilities of Erikson’s theory in incorporating the experiences of homosexual adolescents. The authors discuss the specific difficulties minority adolescents face growing up in a heteronormative culture and the main stages of homosexual identity formation. The article ends with a reflection on the possibility of integrating the concept of homosexual identity development with Erik Erikson’s theory of identity crisis and its potential solutions in adolescence.

4

Vykonávanie aktivít v oblasti starostlivosti o seba v priebehu života

81%

Ráczová B., Vásková K.

Psychologie a její kontexty

|

2015

|

vol. 6

|

issue 1

63-78

EN

The aim of this study is to identify the level of performing self-care activities during lifetime, clarify the structure of these activities and detect the existence of gender differences. Sample consists of 713 respondents (429 women and 284 men), at the age between 15 and 89 years (average age 43,81; SD=23,12). Data are collected in particular development stages from adolescence (15-19 years), young adulthood (20-35 years), and adulthood (36-65 years) to senescence (66 and more years). For data collection Performed Self-Care Questionnaire (Lovaš & Hricová, 2015) is used. This instrument consists from 21 items focusing on three areas: physical wellbeing (factor 1), activities performed in the situation of health problems (factor 2) and positive frame of mind (factor 3). Interesting results were shown. At first, self-care intensity is relatively stable during life. In closer look to the structure of performed actions it is shown, that in the first part of life is the most frequent strategy the care of one´s psychical wellbeing. Contrariwise, in the second half of life are activities associated with health preservation and health problems prevention preferred. Similar results are shown in Orem and Vardiman (1995), who are interested in effects of specific development factors on self-care. Development trend, that lies in decreasing character of performed self-care activities in the area of physical wellbeing and increasing of self-care activities related with health problems and psychical wellbeing is confirmed. Explanation of this trend can be partially found in publications of Šolcová (2011), Zeleznik (2007) or Merluzzi and Nairn (2009), in which authors describe gradual increase of health problems connected with rising age and efforts done for their elimination. Other sources can be found also in work of Ráczová and Zibrinyiová (2014), where decrease of care of physical wellbeing is compensated by more accessible strategies, for example psychical wellbeing preservation. Gender differences are not confirmed, according to results in Lovaš (2010) survey. The idea of successful ageing reached by self-care perceived as perpetual activity is supported by results of this study. Attempts to understand these problems can lead to exploration of different strategies that will affect ageing processes in desirable way even during life and they can improve quality of life not only at individual level, but at all-society level too.

5

Formation of homosexual orientation of men in adolescence

81%

Katra G.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2014

|

vol. 45

|

issue 3

326-333

EN

The aim of the study was to explore the experiences of homosexual men connected with the formation of their sexual orientation in adolescence. A comparative study of 27 young adult homosexual men and 28 heterosexual men of similar age used a categorised interview questionnaire consisting of two parts: the first with questions regarding sexual dreams, fantasies and erotic encounters; the second with questions on family and social circumstances. The study yielded an abundance of interesting data on the psychological circumstances of homosexual men during the formation of sexual orientation and its awareness as well as differences and similarities in that area between homosexual and heterosexual men. For instance, it revealed experience patterns concerning the formation of sexual identity and personal attitudes toward one’s sexual orientation characteristic of homosexual persons. The study verified the main hypothesis that mental-internal experiences precede behavioural-external ones both in homosexual and heterosexual persons.

6

Family cohesion and the loneliness of adolescents from temporarily disconnected families due to economic migration

81%

Dołęga Z.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2015

|

vol. 46

|

issue 1

45-52

EN

The paper reports the results of a comparative analysis of the two groups students coming from temporarily disconnected families due to foreign work parents (TDF, n = 68; male = 30, female = 38) and teenagers with the same social environment (NDF, n = 179, male = 89, female = 90), but without the experience of separation time (N= 247). The subject of the analysis was: the cohesion of a family from the perspective of the evaluated adolescent and three factors of psychological loneliness: social loneliness (sense of social marginalization and isolation), emotional loneliness (solitude) and existential loneliness (sense of self-alienation). The Loneliness Scale (SBS) was used based on an original concept of multidimensional sense of loneliness. The questionnaire for the survey of family cohesion (KSR) were used too. The age (12-14 and 15-17), gender, family structure and the family lifestyle were controlled. Obtained results revealed significantly lower cohesion and significantly higher existential loneliness in group of teenagers from temporarily disconnected families (TDF). Not confirmed the supposition that made in earlier studies of temporarily disconnected families due to economic migration, that these teenagers suffer from a sense of emotional loneliness There has also confirmed the belief that the level of family cohesion and a sense of loneliness in adolescents is associated with atypical organization of family life associated with the duration of migration of parent/parents, frequency of contact with family members working abroad: mothers, fathers or broth parents, the duration of stays at home

7

INDIVIDUAL AND PARENTAL FACTORS RELATED TO MEANING IN LIFE IN ADOLESCENCE

81%

Brassai L., Pikó B.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

|

2012

|

vol. 67

|

issue 2

317-336

EN

Despite the fact that meaning in life has been portrayed as a highlighted developmental goal in psychology, yet little research has examined its influencing factors in adolescence. In the present study we examined potential individual and parental correlates of meaning in life in a sample of 1944 adolescents (aged between 15–19 years; 47.8 percent males) from secondary schools of Transylvania. While self-efficacy, self-regulation, perceived social support from parents and mother’s responsiveness were positively related to meaning in life, father’s demandingness was negatively related to this variable in the whole sample. However, social comparison was related to meaning in life only among boys, while father’s responsiveness was associated with it only among girls. These findings draw our attention to those socio-cultural influences that may be prevailing in meaning in life through role socialization during adolescence, providing bases for preventive and promoting interventions.

8

Illicit drug use and Romanian adolescents. Parental protective factors

81%

Bărbat A. C.

Family Forum

|

2012

|

vol. 2

107-117

EN

The present study used the „CORT 2004 Questionnaire Regarding Risk Behavior for Health in Young People” for an epidemiological survey on 2908 high school students of the urban area of Timis County, western Romania. The aim of this study is to analyze the magnitude of the illicit drug use of Romanian adolescents and to delineate the parental protective factors inside the family.

9

Analýza životnej spokojnosti adolescentov v kontexte rodiny a rodinného prostredia

81%

Uhláriková J.

E-psychologie (E-psychology)

|

2010

|

vol. 4

|

issue 4

10-18

EN

The article deals with the analysis of adolescents’ life satisfaction in the context of family and family environment. The research was made on a sample of 420 young people aged between 16-18 years. To measure life satisfaction we used Life satisfaction questionnaire. Data concerning family and family environment were gained using anamnesis questionnaire. We found out that adolescents who live with a single mother are significantly more satisfied than adolescents who live with both parents. Among the most satisfied with their life were also those young people who said that there are no arguments or conflicts in their family.

SK

Príspevok sa zaoberá analýzou ţivotnej spokojnosti adolescentov v kontexte rodiny a rodinného prostredia. Výskum sme uskutočnili na vzorke 420 adolescentov vo veku od 16-18 rokov. Ţivotnú spokojnosť adolescentov sme merali Dotazníkom ţivotnej spokojnosti. Údaje o rodine a rodinnom prostredí sme zisťovali úvodným anamnestickým dotazníkom. V našom výskumnom súbore adolescentov sme zistili, ţe mladí ľudia ţijúci len s mamou sú významne spokojnejší ako mladí ľudia ţijúci s oboma rodičmi. Rovnako adolescenti, ktorí udávali len zriedkavý výskyt konfliktov v rodine, dosahovali najvyššiu ţivotnú spokojnosť.

10

Development opportunities for adolescents growing up in migratory families in the context of hope of success

81%

Doiczman N.

Praca Socjalna

|

2018

|

vol. 33(3)

42-69

EN

The article addresses the problem of hope for success among adolescents growing up in migrant families. This issue is related to the problems of social work, family sociology, and psychology of human development. The knowledge of development opportunities for young people from migrant families may be of particular cognitive value for social workers who face the protective potential of the migrant family in practice. Parents’ departure leads to children becoming independent rapidly, and to family influence on the individual’s life becoming shorter. Many researchers deal with the problem of the negative consequences of migration separation for child development. Few works show the development opportunities and potential of people growing up in families that are spatially separated due to migration. The article describes a fragment of youth’s functioning who had to undertake new duties because of their parents’ departure, such as: taking over the care of their siblings, running their household, and looking after their grandparents with whom they live in the absence of their parents. To determine the level of hope for success among those young people, the Hope for Success Questionnaire by Mariola Łaguna, Jerzy Trzebiński, and Mariusz Zięba was used. The study covered 87 teenagers attending upper-secondary schools in Kujawy-Pomerania Province. The control group consisted of young people whose parents did not migrate abroad for economic reasons, while the criterion group consisted of adolescents growing up in disconnected families. Social workers’ activities include providing help to families. The knowledge of the specific functioning of migration families can help to better support such families. The article aims to discuss the issue of adolescents growing up in migrant families who, because of their parents’ economic migration, must face new responsibilities, often typical of an adult and inadequate for their developmental level.

11

ACT jako forma wsparcia młodzieży w budowaniu zdrowych nawyków żywieniowych

81%

Klon W., Waszyńska K.

Rocznik Pedagogiczny

|

2020

|

vol. 43

211-225

EN

The aim of the article is to describe the process of the change of eating habits in adolescence in reference to the psychological flexibility theory which has its origins in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The processes of mental and physical development of teenagers are also included. The article contains descriptions of the mechanisms of formation and change of the eating habits in adolescence. This content was referred to all elements of psychological flexibility: mindfulness, values, acceptation, cognitive defusion, self as context and committed action.

12

Samoocena młodzieży z niepełnosprawnością wzroku w zakresie „ja perspektywicznego”

81%

Niemiec M.

Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej

|

2018

|

issue 20

237-254

PL

A young person's perception of his past, present, and future life is shaped during his adolescence. The potential/prospective self of an adolescent includes his ideas and plans concerning his future life and, therefore, constitutes an important source of his motives for activity and development. This paper presents results of its author's own research on the ways in which adolescents with visual disability receiving special education in the Silesian Voivodship perceive their own future lives. The theoretical part of the paper contains an analysis of the concept of self-perception and related concepts. Special attention is paid to defining different kinds of self-perception, analyzing their functions, and indicating factors that determine their development during adolescence. An overview of selected pieces of research on the self-image of the blind and visually impaired people allowed a description of the influence of self-perception on social and personal functioning of adolescents with visual disability.

13

Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour as Predictors of Adolescent Health in Rural and Urban Environments in Poland

81%

Tabak I., Oblacińska A., Jodkowska M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

|

2012

|

vol. 54

|

issue 1

68-77

EN

While numerous studies have examined correlates of physical activity, less attention has been given to identifying the rural/urban differences in the strength of the relationship between physical activity and health. The main objective of the current study was to analyze relationships between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the health of rural and urban adolescents. Cross-sectional data on physical activity (Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity, MVPA), sedentary behavior (watching TV and using a computer), self-rated general health, and mental health (General Health Questionnaire, GHQ-12) was assessed through a questionnaire in the sample of 600 Polish adolescents aged 13 years. Pearson χ2, t-Student tests and hierarchical regression analyses were used to compare differences by place of residence. No rural/urban differences in physical activity levels and self-rated health were found. Rural boys spent more time watching TV and urban adolescent males spent more time using a computer. Urban girls were more affected by stress than rural. Physical activity was an important predictor of self-assessed health (8% of variance) and mental health (4% of variance) of adolescents living in rural areas. The results show that physical activity level is an important predictor of rural adolescents’ health and particular attention must be paid to promoting physical activities in rural environments.

14

Integration of Schwartz’s value theory and Scheler’s concept of value in research on the development of the structure of values during adolescence

81%

Cieciuch J.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2011

|

vol. 42

|

issue 4

205-214

EN

A proposal is presented in the article of integrating Schwartz's circular model of values (1992, 1994, 2006) with Scheler's concept of values (Brzozowski, 1995). The main research goals were: 1) empirical verification of the attempt to include the values of Scheler into the circle of Schwartz’s values; 2) use of the concept and measurement of Scheler’s values to describe the development of the value structure during adolescence. Two studies were conducted in a group of 988 persons aged from 15 to 20 years. The Scheler Value Scale of Brzozowski (1995) was used along with the new version of the Schwartz’s Portrait Value Questionnaire (Schwartz et al., 2011). In the first study, multidimensional scaling of multitrait-multimathod (MTMM) matrix was carried out, into which were introduced the indexes of Scheler's values and the indexes of Schwartz's value types. In this way, it was demonstrated that it is possible to include Scheler's values in the four higher order values within Schwartz's circle of values. In the second study, it was shown that by using the Schelerian values to analyse the development of the value structure, similar results were obtained to those that were acquired with the aid of instruments intended to measure values in Schwartz's approach. The structure becomes differentiated with age and takes on the shape of a circle.

15

Adolescent Internet usage patterns: Exploring gender differences among Polish high school students

81%

Ulfik-Jaworska I.

Biuletyn Edukacji Medialnej

|

2014

|

issue 2

84-101

EN

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Internet use of Polish adolescents with a particular focus on the gender differences in online activities and the excessive Internet use. Participants in the study were 240 public high school students living in the middle-sized Polish city (ages ranged from 15 to 19 years, 50% were females and 50% male). Excessive Internet use was assessed by the Polish version of the Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Information was also collected on demographic data and Internet usage patterns. There was no gender differences in the Internet experience – both male and female adolescents had been using the Internet from above 5 years, however boys spent significantly more time on surfing the Web than girls. Boys used the Internet more often than girls for entertainment purposes (playing online games and exposure to sexually explicit materials). Both adolescent girls and boys were using Internet for communication, however in different ways: girls preferred social networking and blogs, boys preferred forums, chat rooms and instant messaging. No gender difference was found in the total score of IAT. However among girls excessive Internet use was significantly associated with instant messaging, social networking and blogs. In the group of boys, problematic Internet use was associated with using online pornography, instant messaging and downloading files. Further research is needed to explore the prevalence, gender differences, risk and protective factors according to Internet addiction among Polish adolescents.

16

Spostrzeganie wsparcia społecznego i krytyki wyglądu rówieśników przez młodzież o zróżnicowanym wskaźniku BMI

81%

Wieteska A.

Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne

|

2016

|

issue 1(20)

125-137

EN

The social scientists focus on the negative stereotypes of the people with the excess of weight and the problems of the quality of life. Especially in the United States and Europe the stereotype of the obese person as an unattractive, lazy and less intelligent one is very common. That is why the obese people have to endure discrimination process in many fields of social life. The obese explain their problems through their own image. Today, the problem with the excess of weight touch children and the youth more and more frequently. The peers play important role in the process of creation of the children and youth body image. They can influence positive perception, yet they can make the children and youth attach negative habits to their own body perception, too. This research reveal some differences in the perception of social support and criticism from of the peers’ image by the youth with differentiated BMI index.

17

Ocena powodzenia małżeństwa rodziców a style interpersonalnego funkcjonowania młodzieży

81%

Kaleta K.

Psychologia Rozwojowa

|

2012

|

vol. 17

|

issue 3

39-55

EN

The objective of this study was to analyze family mechanisms in the development of adolescents’ social functioning. It focused on the relation between father and mother. It was assumed that those subjects who assess their parents’ marital quality as low are more hostile in interpersonal situations, while individuals who perceive high marital satisfaction in their parents display a more pro-social behaviour. . The Marital Satisfaction Scale by M. Braun-Gałkowska (1985) with a modifi cation by A. Gałkowska (1999) and the Interpersonal Style Scale by J.M. Stanik (1994a; 1994b) were used in the study. 344 adolescents were examined. The results of the correlation indicated that there is a connection between the perceived parents’ marital quality and the social functioning of young people in the following styles: cooperative-overconventional, docile-dependent and selfeffacing– masochistic, as well as realism and pessimism in interactions (a weak correlation, but a signifi cant one). Moreover, the division into groups of respondents as regards their assessment of their parents’ marriage (as low, average and highly successful) and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) allowed to capture the specifi city of the interpersonal functioning of each. Those respondents who perceived their parents as the most satisfi ed with their relationship turned out to be the most prosocial and independent, while those who evaluated their parents’ relationship the lowest turned out to be the least friendly towards others, and the most pessimistic. These results support the hypothesis, but only in some styles the differences were statistically signifi cant (in cooperativeoverconventional and docile-dependent styles, and pessimism scale)

18

Školské sebapoňatie a kvalita interpersonálnych vzťahov adolescenta

81%

Balážová M., Popelková M.

Psychologie a její kontexty

|

2018

|

vol. 9

|

issue 1

29–40

EN

Adolescence is a period which is characterized by an increase in the importance of interpersonal relationships and by search for a balance between relationships with parents and peers. At the same time, self is being formed and the importance of academic selfconcept as one of the dimensions of the total adolescent‘s self-concept is increasing. The aim of study was explore relations between total academic self-concept and its dimensions (academic effort and academic confidence) and quality of interpersonal relationships with significant people in adolescent‘s life (mother, father, friends and classmates) and its dimensions (support, depth and conflicts). These relations were explored separately for adolescent boys and girls. Intersexual differences in academic self-concept and quality of relationships (including their dimensions) were studied too. Research sample was made by 104 grammar school pupils (48 boys and 56 girls). All four grades of high school were represented in the sample. Respondents were aged from 15 to 20 years old (AM=17.62; SD=1.10). Two measures were used – Academic Self-Concept Questionnaire (Liu & Wang, 2005) for exploring of adolescent‘s academic self-concept and its dimensions and Quality of Relationship Inventory (Pierce, Sarason, & Sarason, 1991) for exploring of adolescent‘s view on quality of his or her relationship with mother, father, friends and classmates. Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann-Whitney‘s U-test and Student‘s independent sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. These results indicated that secure attachment and closeness to both of parents (characteristic for dimension depth of relationships) are associated with higher interest in school, motivation to activity on lessons and higher effort to meet school responsibilities in adolescent boys. Academic effort has positive relationship with support and depth of relationship with classmates in adolescent girls. These findings indicate that positive clime in class is important for interest in school and efforts to meet school responsibilities of adolescent girls. Girls are probably compared with classmates and their support and acceptance affects girls‘ academic self-concept more than in case of adolescent boys. Total academic self-concept and academic confidence aren‘t associated with dimensions of quality of relationships with parents and friends for adolescent boys and girls. These findings indicate that confidence in one‘s own school abilities is associated with another variables for pupils. On the parents‘ side, it can be interest, communication, expectations or feedback about school and school responsibilities. On the peers‘ side, it can be support or evaluation of school performance and success. On the teacher‘s side, it can be expectations, feedback or support. Our findings indicate that adolescent boys and girls don‘t differ in total academic self-concept. Girls reported higher effort and interest in lessons, and they pay more attention to teachers (higher score in dimension academic effort), while boys reported higher confidence in their own school abilities (higher score in dimension academic confidence). These differences in dimensions of academic self-concept weren‘t significant. Adolescent girls reached higher level in dimensions of quality of interpersonal relationships – support and depth of relationship with mother and friends. Adolescent boys and girls perceived their relationships with classmates as less supportive and less close compared to relationships with parents or friends. These findings are in line with observations of teachers and school psychologists who point to worsening relationships in school classes.

19

INTERIOR DE CONSTANTIN FANTANERU–APPROCHE INTERTEXTUELLE

81%

ȚEBREAN P.-G.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

|

2011

|

vol. 3

41-56

EN

Interior [Inside], Constantin Fântâneru’s journal-novel, remains an important testimony of the 30’s “authenticity” literature and of "the bizarre adventure of being human" (Cf. « bizara aventură de a fi om », in M. Blecher, Inimi cicatrizate. Întâmplări în irealitatea imediată, Ed. MondoRo, Bucureşti, 2010, p. 166; translation mine). The narrative charts the anxiety of Călin Adam’s, i.e. the protagonist’s, disjointed consciousness. The protagonist tries to accept the absurdity of existence and to bridge the widening gaps between reality and his mental representation of it. Constantin Fântâneru’s inter-textual perspective reveals possible similarities with Knut Hamsun, Max Blecher, Mircea Eliade and Fyodor Dostoyevsky. The Norwegian writer’s influence on the novel Hunger resides in the presence of para-sensory acuity and behavioral incoherence of the protagonist, from which his social marginality derived. Max Blecher’s novel Întâmplări în irealitatea imediată [Occurrence in the Immediate Unreality] reveals the same "unreality", a universe in which the character-narrator gradually immersed himself. In Romanul adolescentului miop [Novel of the Nearsighted Adolescent], Mircea Eliade captures the same impetuous spirit of adolescence while charting the process of becoming a teenager. Călin Adam’s likeness to Goliadkin, the Dostoyevskyan character, is highlighted via the phenomenon of splitting, i. e. man’s sad fate in a merciless and indifferent society. In spite of these similarities with Romanian topoi, Interior boasts an original view in that the protagonist discovers the "transsubstantiation", a process which involves a transfer of energy between the material universe and the human being that saves him and helps him find a meaning in his life.

20

Kvantita a kvalita priateľstva ako prediktory citlivosti na odmietnutie u adolescentov

81%

Šebová G., Popelková M.

Psychologie a její kontexty

|

2014

|

vol. 5

|

issue 2

17-31

EN

The current study examines friendship quality and quantity as unique predictors of rejection sensitivity in adolescents. The purpose of the study was to analyze whether the unique contributions of friendship quality and quantity differ in adolescent boys and girls. Rejection sensitivity is conceptualized as the disposition to anxiously expect, readily perceive and intensively react to social rejection. That is why rejection sensitivity is considered to be a cognitive-affective mechanism which leads to increase of internalizing problems in children and adolescents (loneliness, social anxiety, depression...). Friendship variables have been found to predict the level of internalizing problems in adolescents. Little to no research, however, has examined friendship quality and quantity as predictors of level of rejection sensitivity. Participants in this study were 184 students (98 girls and 86 boys), aged from 13 to 16 (M=13.83, SD=1). Adolescents completed measures assessing number of their friends, quality of best friendship (self-report questionnaire Friendship qualities scale, Bukowski, Hoza, Boivin, 1994) and rejection sensitivity (self-report questionnaire Rejection sensitivity scale, Downey, Feldman, 1996). Regression analysis indicated that friendship features (companionship, balance, help, security, closeness), friendship quantity and overall friendship quality are significant unique predictors of sensitivity rejection in adolescents with. Results suggest that adolescents with higher number of and higher quality friendships have lower concerns about the possibility and expectation of rejection, which can lead to minimizing the risk of development of internalizing problems. However, only a small proportion of variance was accounted for in rejection sensitivity by the friendship variables (small to medium effect size). This suggests that different kind of peer relationships (peer acceptance, popularity, peer victimization) make unique, differential (greater or lesser) contributions to rejection sensitivity. Different types of peer relations can moderate and mediate each other´s influence on specific types of internalizing problems in adolescents. The future research simultaneously examining more types of peer relationship is needed. There has been empirical evidence that girls have more quality friendships which provide them more emotional and instrumental support, than for boys. Our results support this empirical evidence. Regression analysis indicated, that balance (large effect size), help, security and closeness in friendship (small to medium effect size) and overall friendship quality (medium effect size) are significant unique predictors of rejection sensitivity for adolescent girls, but not for boys. Results suggest that predictors of sensitivity rejection in boys are other than interpersonal factors, for example personal or coping strategies. Further directions in research are discussed.

Refine search results