Search results - CEJSH

1

What do we actually measure as music-induced emotions?

100%

Janowski M., Chełkowska-Zacharewicz M.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

|

2019

|

vol. 22

|

issue 4

373-403

EN

The paper presents the results of a systematic review of 61 empirical studies in which emotions in response to music were measured. The analysis of each study was focused on the measurement of emotion components and the conceptualization of emotion both in hypothesis and discussion. The review does not support the claim that music evokes the same emotional reactions as life events do, especially modal emotions. Notably, neither a high intensity of feelings, nor intentionality were confirmed in relation to musical experiences, the emergence of specific action tendencies, or specific physiological changes. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use the terms “affect” or “music emotions” with reference to emotions experienced in reaction to music and to abandon the term “emotions” as misleading.

2

Dream emotionality. Selected formal properties of dreams

100%

Grzywacz K.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2015

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vol. 46

|

issue 3

401-412

EN

The aim of the study was to verify hypotheses about time changeability of dream characteristics depending on the participants’ age and affective value of the dream. The study was conducted online. Participants of the study were 68 individuals between the age of 17 and 85. The participants were asked to prepare detailed descriptions of their dreams, next they had to identify elements of the dreams, refer them to their real life, and assess their affective value. In the dreams of late adolescents, and young and middle-aged adults the most frequently recalled period in a positive context turned out to be late adolescence and early adulthood, whereas in a negative context the participants would recall their present developmental phase and the period of late childhood. Unpleasant dreams of older individuals were mainly connected with the period of middle adulthood, whereas those pleasant ones referred to various periods of their entire life.

3

Automatic effects of processing fluency in semantic coherence judgments and the role of transient and tonic affective states

100%

Sweklej J., Balas R., Pochwatko G., Godlewska M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2015

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vol. 46

|

issue 1

151-158

EN

Recent literature reported that judgments of semantic coherence are influenced by a positive affective response due to increased fluency of processing. The presented paper investigates whether fluency of processing can be modified by affective responses to the coherent stimuli as well as an automaticity of processes involved in semantic coherence judgments. The studies employed the dyads of triads task in which participants are shown two word triads and asked to solve a semantically coherent one or indicate which of the two is semantically coherent. Across two studies in a dualtask paradigm we show that a) attentional resources moderate insight into semantically coherent word triads, whereas b) judgments of semantic coherence judgments are independent of attentional resources. We discuss implications of our findings for how people might form intuitive judgments of semantic coherence.

4

Caryl Churchill’s Artificial and Orificial Bodies: Between Subjective and Non-Subjective Nobody’s Emotion or Affect

100%

Kębłowska-Ławniczak E.

Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture

|

2017

|

issue 7

330-352

EN

This article analyzes the shift from emotion to affect in Caryl Churchill’s writing for the theatre, a process which becomes prominent in the later seventies and culminates in the production of A Mouthful of Birds, a project designed jointly with the choreographer David Lan. The effects of the transformation remain traceable in The Skriker, a complex play taking several years to complete. It is argued that there is a tangible and logical correlation between Churchill’s dismantling of the representational apparatus associated with the tradition of institutional theatre - a process which involves, primarily, a dissolution of its artificially constructed, docile bodies into orificial ones - and her withdrawal from the use of emotional expression in favour of the affective. In the following examination, emotions are conceived as interpretative acts modelled on cognition and mediated through representations while the intensity of affect remains unstructured. Often revealed through violence, pain and suffering, affect enables the theatre to venture into the pre-cognitive and thus beyond the tradition of liberal subject formation.

5

The Bold and the Beautiful: How Aspects of Personality Affect Foreign Language Pronunciation

100%

Hinton M.

Research in Language

|

2014

|

vol. 12

|

issue 3

217-232

EN

This paper reports on a study into the inter-relationships amongst foreign language pronunciation, mimicry ability and a range of personality and attitudinal factors. It will begin with a brief review of studies into affective influences on pronunciation ability (Arnold 1999, Hu & Reiterer 2009) and research into the importance of mimicry talent (Jilka 2009; Piske, MacKay & Flege 2001). This will be followed by a short description of a pilot study carried out prior to the main experiment. In the main study, a group of Polish learners of English completed a number of mimicry tasks in three languages: Italian, Dutch and Chinese, as well as a narration task in English. Mimicry performance and English pronunciation were then assessed by native speakers and compared. Participants also completed a questionnaire concerning their feelings about the languages they were to mimic and a second questionnaire designed to detect affective factors such as language learning anxiety, as well as attitudes towards the pronunciation of Polish and English. The pilot study suggested that the perceived attractiveness of the foreign language to be mimicked did not affect the performance of most participants, and that mimicry skill was fairly constant across languages. However, those who were particularly concerned about their personal appearance showed greater fluctuation in their ability to mimic and their performance appeared to be influenced by their attitude towards the language. This is referred to by the author as the Cecily effect. That study also confirmed the results of my previous experimental work showing that mimicry skill is correlated to some degree with English language pronunciation and that both pronunciation and mimicry are negatively affected by high levels of anxiety. The main study sets out to investigate whether or not these conclusions hold true for a larger sample population and also seeks to determine the effect of confidence and willingness to take risks on scores for both foreign language pronunciation and mimicry exercises.

6

The Bold and the Beautiful: How Aspects of Personality Affect Foreign Language Pronunciation

100%

Hinton M.

Research in Language

|

2014

|

vol. 12

|

issue 3

217-232

EN

This paper reports on a study into the inter-relationships amongst foreign language pronunciation, mimicry ability and a range of personality and attitudinal factors. It will begin with a brief review of studies into affective influences on pronunciation ability (Arnold 1999, Hu & Reiterer 2009) and research into the importance of mimicry talent (Jilka 2009; Piske, MacKay & Flege 2001). This will be followed by a short description of a pilot study carried out prior to the main experiment. In the main study, a group of Polish learners of English completed a number of mimicry tasks in three languages: Italian, Dutch and Chinese, as well as a narration task in English. Mimicry performance and English pronunciation were then assessed by native speakers and compared. Participants also completed a questionnaire concerning their feelings about the languages they were to mimic and a second questionnaire designed to detect affective factors such as language learning anxiety, as well as attitudes towards the pronunciation of Polish and English. The pilot study suggested that the perceived attractiveness of the foreign language to be mimicked did not affect the performance of most participants, and that mimicry skill was fairly constant across languages. However, those who were particularly concerned about their personal appearance showed greater fluctuation in their ability to mimic and their performance appeared to be influenced by their attitude towards the language. This is referred to by the author as the Cecily effect. That study also confirmed the results of my previous experimental work showing that mimicry skill is correlated to some degree with English language pronunciation and that both pronunciation and mimicry are negatively affected by high levels of anxiety. The main study sets out to investigate whether or not these conclusions hold true for a larger sample population and also seeks to determine the effect of confidence and willingness to take risks on scores for both foreign language pronunciation and mimicry exercises.

7

Filing for Moral Bankruptcy: An Examination of How Affect and Empathy Predict Moral Competence

100%

Surdel N., Klimenko M. A.

Ethics in Progress

|

2018

|

vol. 9

|

issue 2

16-26

EN

What does being moral mean? On one hand people may justify mercy killing as sparing omeone’s suffering, but on the other hand they are still, in-fact, taking another’s life. According to Lind’s theory of moral competence (2008), it is based on consistent utilization of moral principles. Although common sense tells us that people’s affective states and levels of empathy may explain the differences, there is little direct evidence. The purpose of this study was to fill this gap by examining the relative contribution of empathy and affective state to moral competence. Results of the study revealed that although perspective taking and negative affective state were both significant predictors of moral competence, perspective taking was a stronger contributor. This suggests that the next time you deliberate over a moral dilemma (e.g., euthanasia), you should try understanding another person’s perspective rather than feeling empathy to make the best moral judgment.

8

Affective Realism and the Brand New Brazilian Cinema

100%

Lira R.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Film and Media Studies

|

2013

|

vol. 7

|

issue 1

141-151

EN

The restricted vocabulary that is often applied to discuss Contemporary Brazilian Cinema (aesthetics of hunger, marginality, national allegory, identity, bad consciousness) reveals a sort of generalizing approach that ignores the films’ singularities and overlooks diverse affiliations. Works by young Brazilian filmmakers such as Irmãos Pretti, Eduardo Valente, Rodrigo Siqueira, and Sérgio Borges are a real challenge for the critic inasmuch as they escape this vocabulary and propose other questions. The films made by this young generation bypass traditional themes like urban violence and historical revisionism, thus demanding we rethink the political potency of Brazilian Cinema. Moreover, these films are not concerned with images of Brazil, pointing out to a post-identity politics that go beyond narratives of nation, class, or gender. This proposal aims at discussing this Brand New Brazilian Cinema (Novísssimo Cinema Brasileiro) and its affective realism. No longer a referent for a sociological truth about Brazilian society, realism is taken as something that the image does, i.e., as an affect that challenges the viewer’s response-ability. This paper discusses two films (No meu lugar [Eye of the Storm, Eduardo Valente, 2009] and O céu sobre os ombros [The Sky Above, Sérgio Borges, 2010]) in order to assess the political relevance of the notion of realism, in its relationship with affect.

9

Caryl Churchill’s Artificial and Orificial Bodies: Between Subjective and Non-Subjective Nobody’s Emotion or Affect

100%

Kębłowska-Ławniczak E.

Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture

|

2017

|

issue 7

330-352

EN

This article analyzes the shift from emotion to affect in Caryl Churchill’s writing for the theatre, a process which becomes prominent in the later seventies and culminates in the production of A Mouthful of Birds, a project designed jointly with the choreographer David Lan. The effects of the transformation remain traceable in The Skriker, a complex play taking several years to complete. It is argued that there is a tangible and logical correlation between Churchill’s dismantling of the representational apparatus associated with the tradition of institutional theatre - a process which involves, primarily, a dissolution of its artificially constructed, docile bodies into orificial ones - and her withdrawal from the use of emotional expression in favour of the affective. In the following examination, emotions are conceived as interpretative acts modelled on cognition and mediated through representations while the intensity of affect remains unstructured. Often revealed through violence, pain and suffering, affect enables the theatre to venture into the pre-cognitive and thus beyond the tradition of liberal subject formation.

10

When Affect Supports Cognitive Control – A Working Memory Perspective

100%

Kolańczyk A.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2016

|

vol. 47

|

issue 1

29-42

EN

The paper delineates a study of executive functions (EFs), construed as procedural working memory (WM), from a motivational perspective. Since WM theories and motivation theories are both concerned with purposive activity, the role of implicit evaluations (affects) observed in goal pursuit can be anticipated to arise also in the context of cognitive control, e.g., during the performance of the Stroop task. The role of positive and negative affect in goal pursuit consists in controlling attention resources according to the goal and situational requirements. Positive affect serves to maintain goals and means in the scope of attention (EF1), whereas negative affect activates the inhibition of non-functional contents, e.g., distractors and irrelevant objects (resulting in attention disengagement; EF2). Adaptation to conflict proceeds via sequential triggering of negative and positive affect (EF3). Moreover, it was demonstrated that the focus on action or reflection changes the scope of contents subjected to implicit (affective) control. Therefore, I suggest that the motivational system, to a large extent, plays the role of the Central Executive. The paper opens a discussion and proposes studies on affective mechanisms of cognitive control.

11

Marriage as Hell, Sex as Salvation, and Love as Nirvana: Jeanette Winterson’s Concept of Love

100%

Sroczyński M.

Acta Philologica

|

2014

|

issue 45

62-70

PL

Artykuł analizuje przedstawienia małżeństwa oraz miłości w trzech powieściach Jeanette Winterson: Zapisane na ciele, Podtrzymywanie światła i Kamienni bogowie. Autorka przedstawia jednoznacznie negatywny obraz małżeństwa, przeciwstawiając mu ideał miłości zmysłowej i duchowej dwojga kochanków. Fragmenty powieści dotyczące cielesnych doznań bohaterów i ich intymnych relacji są nowatorskie i wartościowe, natomiast fragmenty rozważające filozoficzny ideał miłości są schematyczne i mało wyraziste. Reasumując,Winterson tylko częściowo udaje się stworzyć alternatywny model udanej relacji między kochankami, stojącej w opozycji do tradycyjnego związku instytucjonalnego.

12

Does Dispositional Positive and Negative Affect Predict Late-Career Entrepreneurial Intention? A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective

100%

Lam M., Purc E.

Roczniki Psychologiczne

|

2022

|

vol. 25

|

issue 4

349-366

EN

Late-career entrepreneurship can be a good answer to the problems of an aging population-age discrimination experienced by mature workers or inadequate pensions. For this reason, it is gaining increasing interest among researchers and policymakers. However, to date, very little is known about the factors that favor or hinder intentions to become entrepreneur at the late-career stage, especially those taking a psychological perspective. The current study aims to fill this gap by testing whether dispositional affect is related to entrepreneurial intention at the late-career stage. To explain the mechanism of this relationship, we use the theory of planned behavior. We conducted a study that included 292 non-self-employed people aged 45–81. The results showed that neither positive affect nor negative affect are directly related to entrepreneurial intention, but these relationships are rather indirect and go through components of the theory of planned behavior. This provides insights into explanation of late-career entrepreneurial intention and can be used by researchers, policymakers and practitioners, for example in programs supporting business start-ups by people approaching retirement age.

13

How I see it: An exploratory study on attributions and emotions in L2 learning

88%

Nakamura S.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2018

|

vol. 8

|

issue 3

553-574

EN

Learners’ attributions have received increasing attention in second/foreign language (L2) learning. Studies have shown that how learners attribute their performance influences not only their self-efficacy, motivation, and goal attainment but also their emotions (Hsieh, 2012; Hsieh & Kang, 2010; Hsieh & Shallert, 2008; Weiner, 2000, 2014). This exploratory study investigated how Japanese adult learners of L2 English attributed changes in their L2 learning attitudes and motivation through a 10-week TOEIC preparation program. It also examined emotions expressed in their attributional statements and the differences between learners with lower and higher L2 proficiency. A content analysis of open-ended questionnaire responses suggested eight attributional categories: perceived L2 improvement, enjoyment, positive feelings, increased L2 exposure, realization of L2 needs and importance, effective L2 instruction, and praise from the teacher for positive changes in attitudes and/or motivation and perceived inefficient L2 skills for negative changes in attitudes and/or motivation. Enjoyment was an emotion the most frequently mentioned by both groups while other emotions, such as joy, happiness, and disappointment, were expressed only by the beginner learners. These results offer important implications for L2 pedagogy and prospects for further research in the area.

14

Individual differences in granularity of the affective responses to music

88%

Kantor-Martynuska J., Bigand E.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2013

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vol. 44

|

issue 4

399-408

EN

The main focus of the paper is the role of listeners’ emotion-relevant characteristics and musical expertise in the granularity of affective responses to music. Another objective of the study is to test the consistency of the granularity of affect that is perceived in music and/or experienced in response to it. In Experiment 1, 91 musicians and nonmusicians listened to musical excerpts and grouped them according to the similarity of the affects they experienced while listening. Finer grouping granularity was found in musicians and high rumination scorers. Male musicians with above-median scores in rumination produced a larger number of clusters than the other male participants. Experiment 2 that engaged 23 participants demonstrated moderate consistency with which listeners grouped affects that they perceived in music and affects they experienced while listening to music. The study suggests that affective responses to music are subject to individual differences in musical expertise and rumination. Affects perceived in music and felt in response to it seem to be categorized with reference to the common principles. However, the cues that are used in such instances of categorization seem to be different. The paper encourages further research on the importance of listeners’ personal characteristics for the affective responses to music.

15

Bydlení jako výjimka, evikce jako každodennost

88%

Doboš P., Jamrichová K., Mácha J., Mohyla O., Novotný R., Růžičková M.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2023

|

vol. 59

|

issue 2

123-147

EN

This article focuses on evictability and the eviction of the residents of one block of flats in a small southern Slovakian town. Most of the building’s inhabitants are Roma, but the problem of cultural racism is interconnected with political, economic, legal, and even research and activist issues. The article is based on socially committed ethnographic research and the perspective of critical human geography. The theoretical framework is informed by the geographies of eviction, which grasp evictions as a becoming affective process. In this approach the focus is on not just the structural and other causes of eviction and its negative consequences but also and above all on the eviction that is taking place in the present and that temporally goes beyond the act of displacement – it signifies the lasting effect of sovereign power exercised through threats of eviction and ‘home unmaking’ brought about by the withholding of vital infrastructure. The analysis distinguishes four becoming phases. The first one shows how tenants’ precarity is made when their stigmatisation as Roma intersects with the neoliberal imperatives of individual responsibility asserted by the town. In the second phase, the eviction begins, giving rise to affects of confusion, desperation, and fear. The third phase brings resistance to the arbitrary sovereign power of the town authorities. In the fourth phase the resistance sees some successes, but the town’s sovereign power at the same time expands its spatiality. The state of the eviction here is not final and it can still develop in different ways.

16

The Affective Self-regulation of Covert and Overt Reasoning in a Promotion vs. Prevention Mind-set

88%

Kolańczyk A., Roczniewska M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2015

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vol. 46

|

issue 2

228-238

EN

The main hypothesis of studies presented in this article is that episodic implicit evaluations (affects) toward task-relevant objects determine thinking and decisions by actively placing them within or outside the scope of attention. In these studies we also aimed to test the impact of regulatory focus on implicit evaluations and goal pursuit. We applied the Promotion-Prevention Self-control Scale as a measure of mind-set during thinking in the Wason Selection Task (WST) in Study 1 and Island Decision Game (IDG) in Study 2. Directly after learning of the tasks, participants evaluated (in affective priming paradigm) objects that constituted the task’s content. The findings are in line with the hypothesis stating that goals influence the way in which objects are automatically evaluated. The effects of promotion mind-set were more pronounced in both studies. Promotion-focused individuals positively assessed objects that serve as a confirmation. The implicit evaluations by prevention-oriented individuals disclosed their falsifying approach to the WST. The positive implicit evaluation of correct objects suggests their sensitivity to information useful for falsification and is consistent with their tendency to cautiously self-control thinking.

17

On the Irony-Affect Interface in Political Discourse

88%

Strukowska M.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

|

2021

|

issue 12

179-194

EN

The main aim of this paper is to identify patterns in the communication of irony in political discourse, and to determine the role of negative emotions in conveying ironic meaning. The first point to be considered is how politicians use irony, which communicates a contextually incongruent meaning. To be specific, the author’s aim is to investigate what mechanisms of negative politeness are communicated by irony. The second issue to be analysed is the role of negative affect and irony in political discourse. Consequently, the author’s aim is to investigate whether such an interface is socially acceptable and justified in parliamentary discourse. The empirical part of the research seeks to probe the language-affect interface in human interaction. The qualitative and quantitative elements of the analysis lead to results that corroborate the findings relating to the Tinge Hypothesis of Shelley Dews and Ellen Winner (1995: 3), which underscore that irony mutes negative emotions. The paper also takes the perspective of linguistic pragmatics and sociology to highlight the individual factors which play a crucial role in communicating irony. These include face-threatening acts (henceforth: FTAs), role-taking, and negative emotions (evaluations). Another aspect to be considered is the role of the speaker in producing ironic meaning. The author expounds upon the patterns of communication among politicians who share affect-imbued ironic meanings.

18

Personal experiencing of spoken English by Poles

88%

Daszkiewicz M.

Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji

|

2017

|

vol. 13

|

issue 1(36)

33-41

EN

The paper addresses applicability of terms and rationale normally associated with early language education to the learning (and articulation) of English by adult Poles. It discusses how grown-ups – supposedly aware of how important speech is for their language success – prove victim to affective obstacles, require the personally – and emotionally-experienced sense of achievement, which implies that the character of their language learning does not depart too far from that of young children. The paper opens with a section concerning the (Polish) national edge of the learning of English and focusing on the learners’ decision not to speak having a personal and crucial character. Then, the issue of affective obstacles is examined theoretically in a discussion on the suitability of specific early education terms for adult language education, and empirically – through a qualitative study of what effect is obtained among Polish grown-ups by using a language teaching method resting on L2 early education terms. It is observed that following a simple teaching procedure in which learners were presented with a set of topic-oriented questions and exemplary answers and then requested to remark (in Polish) on (a four-faceted construct reflecting) how they feel about their productive language learning, an immediate positive outcome is obtained on the affective stratum.

19

Sensing the Present: “Conceptual Art of the Senses”

88%

Bal M., Burke R. E.

Text Matters: A Journal of Literature, Theory and Culture

|

2017

|

issue 7

27-54

EN

After Rachel E. Burke briefly introduces the essays presented with a focus on our contemporary relationship to modern subjectivity, Mieke Bal will make the case for the sense of presentness on an affective and sensuous level in Munch’s paintings and Flaubert’s writing by selecting a few topics and cases from the book Emma and Edvard Looking Sideways: Loneliness and the Cinematic, published by the Munch Museum in conjunction with the exhibition Emma & Edvard. It is this foregrounded presentness that not only produces the ongoing thematic relevance of these works, but more importantly, the sense-based conceptualism that declares art and life tightly bound together. If neither artist eliminated figuration in favour of abstraction, they had a good reason for that. Art is not a representation of life, but belongs to it, illuminates it and helps us cope with it by sharpening our senses. As an example, a few paintings will clarify what I mean by the noun-qualifier “cinematic” and how that aesthetic explains the production of loneliness.

20

Affect Unchained: Violence, Voyeurism and Affection in the Art of Quentin Tarantino

88%

Lipszyc A.

Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

|

2020

|

vol. 4

|

issue 2

128-138

EN

Abstract: In the first part of the paper the author briefly revisits two of the most important traditions that stand behind the contemporary conceptualizations of affect: the Deleuzian tradition and the Lacanian one. Having pointed to the most important features of the two lines of thinking affect, as well as to certain difficulties that arise within them, the author proceeds to offer his own simple conceptual model that would be operative in thinking about film experience. The model involves feeling, emotion and affect as three distinct phenomena; the concept of “ex-spectator” is introduced in order to account for the crucial difference between emotion and affect. In the second part of the paper, the model is tested against the later films by Quentin Tarantino. The films are presented as “affective”: by skilfully operating with “reflective images” they are able to deconstruct the subject of the ex-spectator into the split-but-real, affected self of the true spectator.

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