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EN
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of agrarian giant-mania in the 1920’s – 1930’s, whose technical ideas emerged at the turn of the XX century in the USA and which were put into practice with vigor and enthusiasm in establishing the system of giant farms (sovkhozes) in the USSR. The article is based on the analysis of three biographic cases of three American agro-consultants, who worked in the soviet Russia. The first case is connected with the work in the USSR of Harold Ware, manager and communist, who created the first Soviet-American sovkhoz in 1922. The second case is the story of life and work in soviet sovkhozes of Lement Harris, leftist agro-mechanic. The third case is devoted to Thomas Campbell, an American agrarian tycoon and owner of the biggest grain factory in the world, who consulted Stalin and his government in the years of the 1st five-year plan. The article reconstructs and analyses the peculiarities of the mentality and activity of different strata of Soviet society, ranging from sovkhoz workers to communist leaders, in their interaction with the representatives of the American industrial-agrarian culture. Finally, conclusions are made on the significance of big and super-big highly technological agrarian production in the Soviet history, and the question of the causes of recurrence of the giant-mania phenomenon is raised. On the whole, this research is based on the multi-disciplinary understanding of social history as a broad field of interplay and interaction between political-economic and social-cultural factors and contradictions, where statistics and anecdotal facts appear to be natural components of human history.
EN
The agricultural sector has been participated and is still participating in cash processes. The growing interest in the issues of risk management, a deeper connection of the agricultural sector with the financial infrastructure, progressive social changes in the Polish countryside (inter alia, aging, part-time farming, migration of rural population to urban and suburban areas), as well as in the economic, political surroundings of agricultural holdings provide backdrop for reflections on the prospects of development of agricultural finance. The article aims to discuss the role of agricultural finance in the system of economic sciences. The research objectives are as follows: (1) to identify associations between agricultural finance and other research areas, including agrarian policy, (2) to diagnose the current state of research in the field of agricultural finance in Poland and abroad, (3) to determine the prospective/potential areas of research within this subdiscipline, evaluating the possibility of using different methodological approaches. The challenge posed to agricultural financiers of agriculture will be determining details of agricultural policy instruments (including CAP). Agricultural finance will increasingly come into contact with problems requiring an interdisciplinary or even cross-science approach. It seems necessary to deepen the use of more advanced quantitative methods, for example, researching the financial aspects of risk management in agriculture.
EN
In the last years Ukraine has allocated considerable, with respect to their load on the budget, financial resources for agricultural support. However the significant increases of budgetary support do not substantially influence the effectiveness indices nor agricultural yields. Such information testifies to an imperfect nature of the internal support mechanism of Ukrainian agriculture. As the result, the domestic support did not become an effective stimulus for a production quality increase nor for a rise in the stock breeding production. In 2008 Ukraine gathered the biggest grain harvest. Increased production did not improve the financial results of agriculture and did not produce a stable and dynamic branch development because of the negative influence of world finance crises. Unbalanced supply and demand for agricultural production, low buying ability of inhabitants, lack of branch effective mechanism of domestic support caused complications of price situation in the domestic food market.
EN
The social-economical situation needs the state policy in the sphere of the sustainable development of the rural areas formation. one of the directions of such policy is development of the agritourism. The state agrarian policy construction needs taking into account a lot of different goals closely connected one with other: labour and life conditions on the village establishment; agricultural sector structures rebuilding; conditions for the sustainable development of rural areas creation.
EN
One of the social principles derived from the Mexican Revolution, was land reform. For seventy decades of the Twentieth century, rural mobilization of the peasantry revolved around land distribution against the various forces of reaction who resisted and developed repressive and political strategies to stop land distribu-tion. The state of Veracruz was the scenario of the peasant struggle for land and in his space also happened armed repression and murder against those who demanded a plot to work.
ES
Uno de los principios sociales derivados de la Revolución Mexica-na, fue la reforma agraria. Durante setenta décadas del siglo XX, la movilización rural del campesinado giró en torno al reparto agrario frente a las diversas fuerzas de la re-acción que opusieron resistencia y desarrollaron estrategias políticas y represivas para frenar el reparto agrario. El estado de Veracruz fue escenario de la lucha campesina por la tierra y en su espacio también se sucedió la represión armada y el asesinato co-ntra quienes demandaron una parcela para trabajar.
EN
Some results of investigation of theoretical aspects of Ukrainian agrarian sector social-economical development in the context of European integration, of contemporary Ukrainian agriculture and agriindustrial complex as the whole as well as of practical use of polish experience in the process of preparing for similar accession.
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