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1
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Znaczenie własności rolniczej w kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego

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Szymańska M.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2011
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vol. 9
240-253
EN
Agricultural real estate has always been a separate element in the functional plane. While assessing the character of agricultural production systems, it is important to pay attention to land use which can be defined as an essential means of production in the agricultural sector. Regardless of economic and organizational factors, land still remains a crucial component in agricultural production, which increases the importance of agricultural real estate. The fundamental attribute of ownership, especially in agricultural property rights, is a right to farm. Agricultural real estate is associated with farming which is understood as assets of the estate and stands for property in terms of civil law. Functional separation of agricultural real estate also relates to the concept of agricultural property which is a part of farming. Agricultural real estate refers to property and constitutes a set of rights and obligations.
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Uprawnienia i obowiązki Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych jako wydzierżawiającego nieruchomości rolne Skarbu Państwa

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Stańko M.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2011
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vol. 9
60-71
EN
The principle of this article was not only the legal analysis of the content of the agricultural property lease agreement concluded by Agricultural Property Agency but, above all, positioning of this Agency in the process of concluding the abovementioned agreement. The necessity of looking into this matter again resulted from large scale changes in the Act dated 19 October 1991 on the management of agricultural properties owned by the Treasury and accompanying acts, introduced by the amending Act dated 16 September 2011 which came into effect as of 3 November 2011. The changes largely concerned the lease of agricultural properties owned by the Treasury. The basis of the article constituted also a lawsuit, during which the Agency was a party. The lawsuit caused changes in the property sale and lease procedure. The article also presents the basic legal requirements for the functioning of Agricultural Property Agency. The introduced legislative changes exposed the monopolistic position of the Agency. The statutory tendency to liquidate lease of the state–owned agricultural properties was also clearly presented, what met with criticism in the doctrine. Moreover, concerns were also aroused due the fact that the amended Act on the management of agricultural properties owned by the Treasury introduced legal instruments which allow for the unilateral interference in the content of lease agreements concluded for a definite period of time. Undoubtedly, the tenant of the state–owned agricultural property, in case of the greement concluded for a definite period of time, should receive a far–reaching legal protection. Only this type of protection guarantees achievement of the economic objective and allows for the permanence of management of the land held under lease. The amended act questions this permanence.
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O nabyciu nieruchomości rolnej przez osobę bliską zbywcy. Uwagi na kanwie uchwały Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 22 czerwca 2017 r., III CZP 24/17

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Michałowski R.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2017
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vol. Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV
EN
Provisions of the Polish Act on Shaping of the Agricultural System pose a number of doubts as to their interpretation. In its resolution adopted on 22 June 2017, the Supreme Court decided that an owner of an agricultural property, to whom the 10-year trading prohibition applies, as referred to in Art. 2b par. 2 of the Act, is allowed to trade it within that period for the benefit of a closely related person. This opinion raises doubts, as it has no legitimate authorisation in the legal provisions. Furthermore, the functional arguments put forward by the Supreme Court do not provide sufficient justification for the above-mentioned conclusion. In the author’s opinion, a number of problems emerging from Art. 2b of the Act on Shaping the Agricultural System could be solved through a functional, flexible interpretation of the prerequisite of “material reasons, irrespective of the buyer”, which underlies the court’s consent to the disposal of the real property by an owner burdened by trading prohibition.
4
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Ewolucja rozwiązań normatywnych w zakresie gospodarowania nieruchomościami rolnymi Skarbu Państwa

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Litwiniuk P.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2017
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vol. Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV
EN
The article discusses the evolution of the legal status regulating management of agricultural property owned by the State Treasury. It presents this evolution as the consequence of multiple, often provisional actions of the legislator conditioned by changing political objectives, which results in an incoherent model of Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury aiming to serve the development of a specific agricultural system in Poland. The incidental nature can also be attributed to the regulations used as grounds for establishment of the National Support Centre for Agriculture in 2017. These provisions were supposed to implement the longdemanded closing of the Agricultural Property Agency. However, this demand was previously associated with the need for definitive distribution of the Agricultural Property Stock owned by the State Treasury through the completion of its restructuring process and ultimately its privatisation. Meanwhile, the establishment of the National Support Centre for Agriculture only means that the past activity of the Agency will continue under a new name and that the Stock will function as property used exclusively for restructuring purposes in the near future. Such legal conditions make it difficult to achieve the main objective of state agricultural property management, which is to facilitate access to agricultural land for farmers with respect of their economic interests.
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Ochrona własności rolniczej w nawiązaniu do koncepcji własności rolniczej Profesora Andrzeja Stelmachowskiego

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Korzycka-Iwanow M.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2011
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vol. 9
115-129
EN
The concept of agricultural property as proposed by A.Stelmachowski relies on the association of the original construction of property law with its specific object, i.e. the farmstead. According to this concept, agricultural property (specified in respect of the matter of ownership) is a complex of laws and obligations describing the legal standing of the subject – farm owner. The concept of agricultural property is an important element of the doctrinal accomplishment underlying the distinguishing of agricultural law as a new branch of legislation; it may also form – on the didactic level – an axis to organise the presentation of agricultural law institutions. Core ownership issues are obviously regulated by civil law. To describe the general features of property law, as a particular legal category, A.Stelmachowski indicates that property law 1) possesses the most comprehensive content as regards the relationship of the subject to the property attributed to him; 2) awards the owner exclusive right (a certain monopoly) as regards a specified object; 3) is characterized by a singular flexibility. All of these features can be referred to various kinds of ownership, regardless of its subject, including agricultural property. The originality of A. Stelmachowski’s approach to ownership arises from a proposed construction which is different to the classic, civil law model of ownership. This model has been inherited from Roman law (triad of ownership), which stressed the absolute rights of the owner. The owner had rights but no obligations towards the others, on the contrary, they are obligated to respect the rights of the owner. The protection of agricultural property is a continuation of the essential idea of the concept Author, and thus encompasses not only the substantive nature of agricultural law but property, that is a farmstead, itself. Important are both the subject and the scope (intensity) of protection. To protect the individual components civil regulations on property are applied, and to protect the farm, it is necessary to restrict the right to dispose of its components at will. When considering the subject of protection, one should take note of two elements: 1) what goods in various historical periods effected protection of the property law, and equally 2) whose interests were taken into account when awarding the protection, in other words, this will be a query regarding the function of property law. The interest (function) which brought about protection of agricultural property in the legal order currently in place in Poland could be described as execution by farmstead proprietors of European Union legislation on the use of agricultural holdings. Similarly as in the period of socialist economy in agriculture, the legal measures are rooted in a model of farming administration developed outside Poland, and introduced here.
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Projekt stanowiska Sejmu w sprawie o sygn. akt K 45/16

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Herbet A.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2017
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issue 3(55)
239-274
EN
In the Sejm’s draft position, concerning the application of the National Council of Agricultural Chambers, the author claims that rules of the Hunting Law, so far as they do not provide obligatory permit from a farmer – who is an owner of land included in a hunting zone – to lease that land forming a hunting district, are compatible with the Constitution. However, provisions regarding compensations for hunting damages are considered unconstitutional.
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Ochrona środowiska naturalnego w procesie produkcji rolnej a koncepcja własności rolniczej

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Niewiadomski A.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2016
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vol. 14
259-271
EN
The article indicates the basic principles of environmental protection used in agricultural law in the light of European and national regulation. This paper focuses also on the analysis of the impact of modern environmental law on ownership of agricultural real estate and agricultural activities. What is more, new obligations for farmers has been analyzed in the context of the Andrzej Stelmachowski’s concept of agricultural property.
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O Profesorze Andrzeju Stelmachowskim jako prawniku

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Budzinowski R., Czechowski P., Korzycka M., Lichorowicz A., Prutis S.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2016
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vol. 14
11-26
EN
Professor Andrzej Stelmachowski (1925-2009) is an outstanding person, deserving huge appreciation because of his activity in various fields; as a lawyer, a prominent specialist in civil law, commercial law, family law, who played a remarkable role in the development of agricultural law. He is the creator of a new school of Polish agricultural law, as he elaborated by his scientific achievements, a theoretical basis to distinguish (in the area of doctrine and didactics) agricultural law as a separate branch of law; he has proposed an original method of research – the study of law in the process of its application, and around these ideas he organized research teams – a large group of students at such universities as: Wroclaw, Warsaw and Bialystok (Professor has promoted 23 PhDs of law). Another merit of Professor Stelmachowski was to determine the object and scope of agricultural law, the fundamental structures of agricultural law (the concept of agricultural property), as well as the legal solutions for protection of individual farming. The recognition and respect for the position of Professor at the international level are demonstrated by His numerous professional contacts and honorary doctorates that he was awarded with. The Professor was the first Polish scholar in the CEDR (the European Committee for Agricultural Law), as well as the first President of the Polish Association of Lawyers specialized in Agricultural Law. The concept of teaching elaborated by Professor A. Stelmachowski was reflected in the subsequent editions of academic books in the field of agricultural law, issued under his scientific edit in the period 1970-2008. In all areas of his involvement, despite changes in the external environment, Professor A. Stelmachowski always presented a permanent system of values, among which we should mention: rightness, fidelity to convictions and responsibility, concern for the common good, solidarity with the weak and being guided by the social doctrine of the Church, all of which gave him an unquestionable moral authority as a Person of great strength of character.
9
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Nowy kształt przetargu pisemnego przy sprzedaży nieruchomości z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa

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Michałowski R.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2016
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vol. 14
89-101
EN
The manner, in which a written tender has been regulated in the Act of 19 October 1991 on Management of the Treasury Agricultural Property, shows many specific features. Similar to other tender procedures provided for in other legal acts, in particular in the Civil Code, it is a multilateral and qualifying procedure. However, unlike other tender procedures, price of the land is not the subject of competition of the participants. Moreover, no provision of the future agreement of sale is defined in the course of the tender. This makes it a unique solution, to which the tender provisions contained in the Civil Code may be applied only by analogy. It seems that this applies to regulations of the Civil Code related to the claim to conclude a contract of sale, the annulment of the contract concluded by invitation to tender and the effects of lodging the security to the extent not regulated by the Act on Management of the Treasury Agricultural Property.
10
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Uwagi o prawie pierwokupu właściciela nieruchomości rolnej graniczącej ze sprzedawaną nieruchomością rolną w ustawie o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego z dnia 5 sierpnia 2015 r.

100%
Michałowski R.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2015
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vol. 13
217-228
EN
Act on the shaping of the agrarian system of 5 August 2015 provides new legal instruments limiting freedom of the contract and limiting the property right. This article deals with the proplems arising during the interpretation of the provisions of this act regarding pre – emption right of the owner of the bordering property. Individual farmer who exercises pre – emption right and acquires agricultural property is not bound to enlarge his family farm. The owner of the vended property is obliged to indicate which of his neighbours – owners of the properties bordering to his property – has the priority in pre-emption. Author also considers situation of the co-owners as the holders of the pre-emption right.
11
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Przeciwdziałanie nadmiernej koncentracji nieruchomości rolnych przy sprzedaży gruntów z Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa

100%
Michałowski R.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2012
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vol. 10
503-512
EN
The main purpose of this paper is to analize few selected aspects of the article 28a of the Act on management of the agricultural properties owned by the State Treasury. It is one of the legal instruments aimed at prevention against excessive concentration of agricultural properties. Important issue is to verify opinions formulated in the legal doctrine regarding to legal sanctions associated with above mentioned regulation. Author states, that violation of that legal norm causes nullity of sale contract. There are no justified reasons to assume another concept formulated in legal doctrine. Particulary, the author disagrees that it is norm without a sanction. Paper deals also with the problem of the definition of family farm in the legal regulation of tender procedure conducted by Agricultural Property Agency. Family farm is defined in the act on formation of agrarian system and it is not necessary to create different definition exclusively for tender procedure regulation.
12
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Opinia prawna na temat projektu ustawy o dzierżawie rolniczej

88%
Lackoroński B.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2015
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issue 2(46)
162-179
EN
The author of the opinion claims that agricultural lease, due to its specific nature, should be regulated as a separate kind of lease as part of the Civil Code, and not as an extra-Code regulation. The proposed bill raises considerable doubts as to its internal and systemic cohesion.
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Pojęcie nieruchomości rolnej w kodeksie cywilnym i przepisach szczególnych

88%
Stańko M.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2017
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vol. Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV
EN
The legal structure of agricultural property has been the subject of discussion in the doctrine of agricultural law and the matter of numerous court decisions. This issue, however, still raises a lot of controversies. The problem occurs in the Civil Code regulation itself (art. 461 of the Civil Code), in which the concepts of agricultural real estate and agricultural land were wrongly identified. It should be clearly indicated that only agricultural property is a category of ownership, while this attribute does not refer to the notion of agricultural land. It should also be noted that there is no criterion of area in the Code definition of agricultural real estate. From such a perspective, it is difficult to reconcile the possibility of conducting manufacturing activity in agriculture with the use of any agricultural property regardless of its area. Besides, the weakness of the spatial planning system makes the determination of the nature of property, in particular when it loses its agricultural character, a very complicated process. Despite the mentioned shortcomings of the legal regulation, the Code definition of agricultural property should be universal and common. However, modifications of this definition introduced in specific provisions make use of multiple regulations dysfunctional.
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O własności rolniczej w kontekście zmian w obrocie własnościowym prywatnymi gruntami rolnymi

88%
Truszkiewicz Z.
Studia Iuridica Agraria
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2017
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vol. Studia Iuridica Agraria, 2017, tom XV
EN
It is difficult to imagine socio-economic relations without property. Ownership can be understood differently: narrowly – as a right within the meaning of civil law and broadly – as in fact any right belonging to a person that together with other rights forms property of this person. Therefore, ownership is of interest to almost all branches of law, including constitutional law. As a consequence, ownership can be regarded as a single right, especially within the meaning of the Civil Code, or as institution that includes ownership rights and associated obligations. Nowadays, these obligations become more and more important because property is regarded as a social function and not only as an absolute right of the owner. The social perspective of ownership makes the property differentiated by its object. In this way various legal regimes of ownership are created, including agricultural property of great social significance. Agricultural property is a basic element of the agricultural system that is constitutionally based on a family farm. The state, shaping the agricultural system in the assumed way, regulates the agricultural system accordingly. This is done, among others, by the Act of 2003 on the shaping of the agricultural system that also defines a family farm. However, the Act, contrary to its title, regulates only the transfer of ownership of agricultural lands and farms. The provisions of the Act raise serious objections both in terms of assumptions and in terms of applied legal solutions. The source of these defective regulations, after the transformation of the political system at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, is a fact that in Poland the model of the agricultural system has never been developed.
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Selected Problems Concerning the Scope of Exclusions from the New Legal Regime of Trading in Agricultural Property in Poland

75%
Litwiniuk P.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2017
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vol. 26
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issue 1
EN
On 14 April 2016, the Polish Parliament adopted the Act on suspending the sales of properties from the Agricultural Property Stock of the State Treasury and amending several other acts. By doing so, it decided to materially amend the Act on shaping of the agricultural system of 11 April 2003 that had been effective by that time, by founding a new, strict regime of trading in agricultural property in Poland that came into force as of 30 April 2016. Already upon drafting the new legal solutions, a number of remarks and reservations were made in the public debate and during the consultation process. It was pointed out that once it becomes effective, the bill considered by the Parliament would actually “freeze” agricultural property transactions in Poland, become a threat to execution of the right to inherit, and undermine the right ongoing interests initiated by law entities. These were some of the reasons why, in the course of legislative proceedings, the legislator decided to apply exclusions from the new legal regulations concerning trading in agricultural property. The objective of this article is to identify and characterise selected exclusions applied by the legislator, as well as to explain uncertainties related to interpretation with regards to legal norm hypotheses that specify the application scope of the implemented legal solutions.
PL
Uchwalając ustawę z dnia 14 kwietnia 2016 r. o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa oraz o zmianie niektórych innych ustaw, parlament zdecydował o wprowadzeniu do dotychczas obowiązującej regulacji – ustawy z dnia 11 kwietnia 2003 r. o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego – istotnych zmian, ustanawiających z dniem 30 kwietnia 2016 r. nowy, rygorystyczny reżim obrotu nieruchomościami rolnymi w Polsce. Jeszcze na etapie projektowania nowych rozwiązań prawnych dochodziło w debacie publicznej oraz w procesie konsultacji do zgłaszania uwag i zastrzeżeń, ze wskazaniem, że procedowany w parlamencie projekt ustawy po wejściu w życie „zamrozi” w istocie obrót nieruchomościami rolnymi w Polsce, zagrozi realizacji prawa dziedziczenia i zniweczy słuszne interesy w toku, podjęte przez podmioty prawa. Między innymi z tych względów ustawodawca w trakcie postępowania legislacyjnego zdecydował się na zastosowanie wyłączeń spod nowych zasad obrotu gruntami rolnymi. Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i charakterystyka zastosowanych przez ustawodawcę wybranych wyłączeń oraz próba wyjaśnienia wątpliwości wykładniczych dotyczących hipotez norm prawnych określających zakres stosowania wprowadzonych rozwiązań prawnych.
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Impact of legislative changes on agricultural property trading

75%
Blaszke M.
Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
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2020
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issue vol. 64, nr 8
5-19
EN
This paper attempts to describe selected elements regarding the situation on the agricultural property market and the assumptions of the policy in this respect in Poland. Particular attention was paid to legislative changes related to agricultural property trading. Statistical data from the Property Market Analysis and Monitoring System (AMRON), the Central Statistical Office, the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARiMR) and the National Center for Agricultural Support, were used. The purpose of the study was to attempt to assess changes in land prices in Poland after systemic transformation. Attention was also paid to the issue of changes in the conditions for purchasing a property after the entry of the amended provisions of the Act on shaping the agricultural system came into force. An attempt was made to answer the question whether the introduced restrictions caused the prices of agricultural properties in Poland to change in spatial terms.
PL
W niniejszym artykule podjęto próbę opisu wybranych elementów dotyczących sytuacji na rynku nieruchomości rolnych i założeń prowadzonej polityki w tym zakresie w Polsce. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zmiany legislacyjne związane z obrotem nieruchomościami rolnymi. Wykorzystano dane statystyczne pochodzące z Systemu Analiz i Monitorowania Rynku Obrotu Nieruchomościami (AMRON), Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego, Agencji Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa (ARiMR) oraz Krajowego Ośrodka Wsparcia Rolnictwa. Celem opracowania była próba oceny zmian w cenach ziemi w Polsce po transformacji systemowej. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zagadnienie zmiany uwarunkowań zakupu nieruchomości po wejściu w życie znowelizowanych przepisów ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego. Podjęto próbę odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy wprowadzone ograniczenia spowodowały, że ceny nieruchomości rolnych w Polsce uległy zmianie w ujęciu przestrzennym.
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The Right of Pre-emption of Agricultural Property and the Right of Pre-emption of Agricultural Farm

75%
Truszkiewicz Z.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2017
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vol. 26
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issue 1
EN
The application of the right of pre-emption in case of sale of agricultural farm is much more complicated than the application of the above-mentioned right in case of agricultural property. The sale of agricultural farm is complicated since the subject of sale is not one property right (as it does not exist) but many rights of access to tangible or intangible assets which form or may form the agricultural farm, however, only negotiable ones. In fact, the disposal of the whole agricultural farm is permitted only in case of universal succession, which is not always the case. However, in case of sale of agricultural farm, the right holder can exercise the right of pre-emption of sold agricultural farm and, thus, the whole negotiable assets covered by the sale contract.
PL
Stosowanie prawa pierwokupu w przypadku sprzedaży gospodarstwa rolnego jest o wiele bardziej złożone niż stosowanie prawa pierwokupu wobec nieruchomości rolnej. Sprzedaż gospodarstwa rolnego jest o tyle złożona, że przedmiotem sprzedaży nie jest jedno prawo własności do całego gospodarstwa rolnego, bo ono nie istnieje, lecz w istocie wiele praw do dóbr materialnych i niematerialnych, tworzących lub mogących tworzyć gospodarstwo rolne, ale tylko zbywalnych. Zbycie całego gospodarstwa rolnego jest w zasadzie możliwe tylko w przypadku sukcesji uniwersalnej, i to nie zawsze. Niemniej w przypadku sprzedaży gospodarstwa rolnego uprawniony może wykonać prawo pierwokupu całego sprzedawanego gospodarstwa rolnego, a więc w stosunku do wszystkich zbywalnych składników objętych umową sprzedaży.
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Nabywanie nieruchomości rolnych w drodze zasiedzenia. Wybrane zagadnienia konstrukcyjne

75%
Biernat J.
Studia Prawnicze: rozprawy i materiały
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2018
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issue 1(22)
147-155
EN
The Act of 14 April 2016 on Withholding the Sale of Properties in the State Treasury Resources of Agricultural Properties and on Amending Certain Statutes has introduced changes into the Polish legal system which significantly restrict trade in agricultural properties. These changes concern, inter alia, positive prescription of broadly understood agricultural properties. In accordance with the amended law, agricultural properties referred to in the provisions of the Act of 11 April 2003 on the Development of the Agricultural System may be acquired through positive prescription only by individual farmers in the meaning of this Act; furthermore, certain obligations have been imposed on the parties acquiring agricultural properties through positive prescription relating to their use of the properties they acquire, with far-reaching sanctions imposed thereupon. The law which has been introduced raises serious concerns, inter alia, at the level of its interpretation, including, in particular, in the context of the aims intended to be attained by the legislator by significantly and comprehensively restricting trade in agricultural properties.
PL
Ustawą z dnia 14 kwietnia 2016 r. o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa oraz o zmianie niektórych ustaw w polskim porządku normatywnym wprowadzone zostały zmiany istotnie ograniczające szeroko pojęty obrót nieruchomościami rolnymi. Zmiany te dotyczą między innymi nabywania nieruchomości rolnych w drodze zasiedzenia. Zgodnie ze znowelizowanymi przepisami nieruchomości rolne, o których mowa w przepisach Ustawy z dnia 11 kwietnia 2003 r. o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego, mogą być nabywane w drodze zasiedzenia jedynie przez rolników indywidualnych w rozumieniu tej ustawy; nadto, na nabywców nieruchomości rolnych w drodze zasiedzenia zostały nałożone pewne obowiązki związane z korzystaniem z nabytych nieruchomości, obwarowane daleko idącymi sankcjami. Wprowadzone uregulowania budzą poważne wątpliwości między innymi na poziomie konstrukcyjnym, w tym w szczególności w kontekście celów, które zamierzał osiągnąć ustawodawca istotnie i kompleksowo ograniczając obrót nieruchomościami rolnymi.
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Z rozważań nad aktualnym kształtem pierwokupu dzierżawcy nieruchomości rolnej w świetle ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego

71%
Blajer P. A.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
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2019
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issue 2(25)
125-138
IT
L’articolo si propone di determinare l’attuale forma del diritto di prelazione da parte dell’affittuario ai sensi della legge sul regime agricolo, incluse le modifiche introdotte il 26 aprile 2019. In conclusione, l’autore afferma che le modifiche apportate al diritto in oggetto, dovrebbero essere valutate in maniera positiva in quanto vanno ad ampliare l’ambito di applicazione di questo istituto. Tuttavia, esso rimane tuttora soggetto a troppi limiti, e la regolazione del diritto di prelazione in esame solleva ancora molti dubbi di natura pratica.Il contratto di locazione, secondo l’autore, dovrebbe essere trattato come un vero e proprio strumento volto a migliorare la struttura agraria del Paese. Pertanto, andrebbe elaborato un modello normativo di affitti agricoli, con il diritto in questione razionalmente sviluppato, come elemento.
EN
The purpose of the considerations is to attempt to determine the current status of the tenant’s pre-emptive right resulting from the Act on shaping the agricultural system, taking into account the amendments introduced by the Act of 26 April 2019. The author states that the amendments to the pre-emptive right of the lessee, or tenant, of an agricultural property should, in principle, be assessed positively. They have widened the scope of objects of tenant’s pre-emptive rights, which nevertheless still remain rather narrow, while the regulation of the statutory pre-emptive right of the lessee raises many practical doubts. In the author’s opinion, a lease should be treated as a factual instrument to improve the agrarian structure of the country. A normative model of agricultural leases should be developed, which would include a rationally formed pre-emptive right of the lessee of the property.
PL
Celem rozważań jest próba określenia aktualnego kształtu prawa pierwokupu dzierżawcy wynikającego z ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego (UKUR), z uwzględnieniem modyfikacji wprowadzonych ustawą z 26 kwietnia 2019 r. W konkluzji autor stwierdza, że wprowadzone zmiany prawa pierwokupu dzierżawcy nieruchomości rolnej należy ocenić co do zasady pozytywnie. Rozszerzają one bowiem zakres przedmiotowy tej instytucji. Jednak pozostaje on nadal zdecydowanie zbyt wąski, a sama regulacja ustawowego prawa pierwokupu dzierżawcy wywołuje wiele wątpliwości praktycznych. Dzierżawa, zdaniem autora, powinna zostać potraktowana jako rzeczywisty instrument poprawy struktury agrarnej kraju. Tym samym powinien zostać opracowany normatywny model dzierżaw rolniczych, którego elementem byłoby racjonalnie ukształtowane prawo pierwokupu dzierżawcy.
20

Fundusz sołecki jako forma realizacji zadań gminy przez sołectwa

63%
Urszula G.-v. d. S.
Acta Iuris Stetinensis
|
2017
|
issue 17
PL
Celem niniejszego opracowania jest zbadanie i przedstawienie jakie znaczenie z punktu widzenia społeczności lokalnej ma wyodrębnienie i przyznanie kompetencji decyzyjnych sołectwu. Ustawa o funduszu sołeckim stwarza mieszkańcom sołectw szanse na pełne uczestniczenie w życiu publicznym. Fundusz sołecki jest nowym instrumentem prawnym, dającym możliwość finansowania przedsięwzięć na obszarach wiejskich. Funkcjonowanie tego funduszu od zaledwie 6 lat wskazuje na duże i stale rosnące zainteresowanie gmin tą formą budżetu partycypacyjnego. Sołectwa są jedną z form organizowania się grupy społecznej w celu prowadzenia określonej działalności w sferze życia publicznego. Działalność ta służy najczęściej urzeczywistnieniu i realizacji interesów małej społeczności lokalnej, które nie zawsze są realizowane przez gminę. Badaniem objęto również wybrane przepisy ustrojowe samorządu terytorialnego oraz finansów publicznych.
EN
The aim of this study is to investigate and present nature of the regulations setting out the rules and procedures of real estate. Legal issues of trade in agricultural property is one of the most important and the most complex issues of agricultural law. A Village Administration (sołectwo) fund is a new legal instrument which facilitates financing undertakings in rural areas. Although it has been in operation for a six years now, this form of participatory budgeting is still gaining popularity in the areas. For these reasons, arable land are treated as no magnifying public good and as such, they are subject to specific regulations on safeguards. The nature of the protective provisions laying down the rules and procedures of trade in agricultural property. Self-government and public finance legal regulations was covered by study as well.
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