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Hermes-Thoth on Magical Gems and Amulets

100%
Gołyźniak P.
Światowit
|
2020
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vol. 59
161-168
EN
This paper examines ancient glyptics that provide evidence for the merging of the cults of Thoth, the Egyptian god of wisdom and writing, and GraecoRoman Hermes/Mercury. With the use of semantics and iconological methodologies, the paper demonstrates that the popularity of the syncretic deity Hermes-Thoth was far greater than previously thought and, in fact, comparable to that of other syncretic figures, such as Hermanubis. This is possible because the analysis is not limited to the iconography of magical gems that clearly refer to this deity represented in figural form, but also encompasses symbolic amulets featuring rebuses which, if properly read, refer to Hermes-Thoth as well. It is argued that kerykeion was not the only Hellenising element used to mark Hermes’s nature in the cult of Hermes-Thoth. The article also contributes to the wider discussion on the identification and function of magical gems and amulets in general.
2
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Muszle – zawieszki – amulety we wczesnym średniowieczu z terenu Polski na przykładzie znalezisk z Kruszwicy

100%
Kurzawska A., Głód A.
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
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2023
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issue 64
221-241
EN
In this article, the author takes a closer look at the finds of sea shell ornaments in the early Middle Ages, based on artefacts discovered at two sites (Nos. 2 and 4) in Kruszwica. The four pendants in question come from settlement levels dating from the 11th to the 12th centuries. A malacological analysis suggests that the ornaments reached Kruszwica from the Mediterranean area (Acanthocardia tuberculata and Bolinus brandaris), and probably the Red Sea (Monetaria moneta), and from southern Poland (Turritella sp). These objects had been in use for a long time, as evidenced by the microtraces and damage visible on their surface. During the early medieval period, among the various species of shells that were ‘imports’, money cowrie shell ornaments with the most ‘exotic’ origins were the most common in Europe. It is highly probable that during this period of time, they were used in the exchange/trade and their value as a female symbol object and an amulet. Most likely, the shell pendants reached Kruszwica via trade routes that have been previously documented, alongside other artifacts. These ornaments provide additional evidence of long-distance trade.
3
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A medley of mummies from Deir el-Bahari

86%
Ikram S., Prates C., Sousa S., Oliveira C.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2018
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vol. 27(2)
237-258
EN
The results of radiographic and visual examinations of four mummies originating from Deir el-Bahari, now kept in different museums throughout Egypt, are presented here. One individual dates to the Twenty-second Dynasty, and the remaining three date to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty, and were possibly related. Some of the mummies possessed amulets, with one individual having unusual accouterments in addition to the amulets.
4
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Protection of Children? A Case Study from the Early Iron Age Cemetery of Quattro Fontanili, Veii

72%
Hladíková K.
Studia Hercynia
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2018
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vol. 22
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issue 1
56-76
EN
The paper deals with artefacts with a possible apotropaic function from the Early Iron Age cemetery of Quattro Fontanili at Veii. I have analysed mostly various types of pendants and beads that could have had – besides their ornamental function – also a symbolic meaning of ‘magical’ protection (e.g. as amulets etc.). They ap‑ pear more often in children’s and women’s graves, less frequently in men’s graves. The gender and age seem likely to be more important factors in the role of protection than social status. However, pendants made of precious metals could have reflected – besides their role as symbols of a higher social status – a protective meaning as well. The frequent use of ‘magical’ artefacts, especially in children’s and women’s graves, reflects the need to protect the weaker members of the society from evil forces.
5
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Antydemoniczne praktyki starożytnego Egiptu

72%
Flis J.
The Biblical Annals
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1986
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vol. 33
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issue 1
117-129
PL
Das Phänomen der Vertreibung böser Geister mit Hilfe von Beschwörungen und Amuletten war schon im alten Ägypten bekannt. Die exorzistischen Beschwörungen beinhalteten gewöhnlich folgende Elemente: Hinwendung zu den Göttern, Erschrecken der Dämonen, richtige Formel und Amulett. In Ägypten wurde eine sehr interessante Beschreibung des Exorzismus auf der Bentresh-Stele gefunden. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich dabei um die schriftliche Fixierung einer viel früher entstandenen und mündlich überlieferten Legende. Die Niederschrift besorgten die Priester des Gottes Chons im 4.-3. Jahrhundert vor Christi Geburt, um der nachlassenden kultischen Terehrung ihrer Gottheit neuen Auftrieb zu geben. Das alte Ägypten ais einer der weiteren Kreise des „Lebensmilieus” des Neuen Testaments liefert dank der Informationen über die antidäminischen Praktiken eine hilfreiche Ferspektive für die richtige Interpretation der neutestamentlichen Schilderungen.
6
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Faience objects from the Tomb MMA 1152 at Sheikh Abd el-Gurna

72%
Chudzik P., Ćwiek A.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2015
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vol. 24(1)
701-707
EN
Excavations in the area of tomb MMA 1152 at Sheikh Abd el-Gurna, conducted since 2003, have uncovered a substantial set of faience objects coming from burials made there during the later Pharaonic Period, before the tomb became a hermitage for Coptic monks. Analysis of the material points to several episodes of reuse of the original Middle Kingdom structure in the Third Intermediate Period and the Late Period.
7
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Beads and pendants from the late Harbor Temple and harbor temenos in the Red Sea port of Berenike (seasons 2010–2013): materials, techniques, functions and cultural attribution

58%
Then-Obłuska J.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2017
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vol. 26(2)
193-210
EN
More than 250 beads and pendants have been registered from the Harbor Temple and its surroundings, the so-called “harbor temenos”, in the Red Sea port of Berenike. The Harbor Temple assemblage is dominated by South Asian glass beads dating from the 4th through early 6th centuries AD, but the bead finds from the presumed temenos show much greater variety in both type and date, the latter spanning the centuries from the 1st to the 5th century AD. Rather than being accidentally lost, the quantity and find context of the beads support the idea of a votive offering function. Stylistic similarities of some objects found in the Harbor Temple have led to their association with South Arabia or Axum (Rądkowska, Sidebotham, and Zych 2013); yet a much closer affiliation might also be considered. Similar ritual objects, as well as beads and pendants, have been recorded at contemporary temples and shrines in Nubia
8
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Wirujące tarcze. Nowe znalezisko peltakształtnego okucia z Dziekanowic jako przykład wymiany kulturowej między Cesarstwem Rzymskim a Barbaricum

51%
Przybylski A.
Studia Lednickie
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2023
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issue XXII
61-96
EN
In the course of prospections of the shores of Lednica Lake with metal detectors carried out in cooperation with WGEH (Wielkopolska Exploratory – Historical Group) – “GNIAZDO”, the Museum of First Piasts has acquired hundreds of metal relics of various chronologies. Among them are also dozens of artefacts dating back to the period of Roman infl uence. One of them is the eponymous pelta-shaped fitting, which came from a horse harness or belt used by a Roman soldier. The form of the appliqué indicates a connection with Celtic aesthetics which infl uenced the look of the imperial army’s armament in the late 2nd and early 3rd centuries AD. The articleis an attempt to understand the symbolism and function of this particular ornament based on the numerous analogies collected, and presents possible scenarios for the influx of this type of object into Barbaricum.
PL
Muzeum Pierwszych Piastów na Lednicy w ramach prospekcji terenów na wschodnim brzegu jeziora Lednica wykrywaczami metali realizowanej we współpracy z WGEH – „GNIAZDO” pozyskało setki zabytków metalowych o różnorodnej chronologii. Wśród nich znajduje się kilkadziesiąt artefaktów pochodzących z okresu wpływów rzymskich. Jednym z nich jest tytułowe peltakształtne okucie, które pochodziło z uprzęży końskiej lub pasa użytkowanego przez rzymskiego żołnierza. Forma aplikacji wykazuje związek z estetyką celtycką, pod której wpływem na przełomie II i III wieku n.e. kształtował się wygląd oporządzenia imperialnej armii. Artykuł jest próbą zrozumienia symboliki i funkcji tej szczególnej ozdoby w oparciu o licznie zebrane analogie. Przedstawia także możliwe scenariusze napływu tego rodzaju przedmiotów na tereny Barbaricum.
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