So far the term used in the title has not been an object of a more extensive linguistic reflection. The author of this paper aims at providing a thorough description of the lexical unit zwierzę with respect to its meaning and collocations. In the opinion of the author, the results obtained indicate the location of animals on the scala naturae.
The aim of the text is to reflect on defining animals as negative opposites of human beings, that contradict humanistic values and ideals. In a posthuman thought Rossi Braidotti proposes zooegalitarism, aiming at providing animals and humans with equal rights. In cultural human tradition, one can find deeply rooted tendency to oppose humans and animals. Looking at this phenomenon from a humanistic point of view, we can notice that proposed by Lévinas cathegory of the Other, has no application here. To contrary: animal is treated as an alien, and all negative qualities of the alien are automatically assigned to animal as well. What purpose this opposition serves? And what happens if this opposition disappears?
This paper aims at the problem of realism in the artistic representation of animals. Contemporary animal studies recognize the problem of narratives in which animals serve as a negative point of reference to humans or as a symbol, always referring to some cultural story. In this context the anthropocentric art of Walton Ford is particularly interesting. The painter is openly enthusiastic about the symbolic and narrative uses of animals in culture, and yet in his paintings he manages to represent animals’ otherness, and their ability not to be „tamed” by our schemes.
The article is focused on the issues relating to a legal situation of an animal as a victim of a criminal offense. Currently, according to the rules of criminal procedure, an animal, as an entity, cannot be legally recognised a victim, which significantly lowers efficiency with which its interests can be protected. There are strong moral and pragmatic reasons to grant animals the status of a non-personal carrier of legal rights. Legal personality of animals as victims during a criminal trial should be of only passive nature, allowing recognition of legally-protected interests of the animal.
In my paper I will try to sketch the literary implications of Carlo Ginzburg’s essay entitled Clues: Roots of an Evidential Paradigm. The method assumes focusing on detail as the most important element in the narrative. Ginzburg’s Clues owe their name to the animal tracking mechanism by the hunter. Hunting can therefore be treated as a metaphor for the interpretation of a text in the form of signs.
Artykuł stanowi kontynuację dokonanych wcześniej analiz przeprowadzonych na materiale wyekscerpowanym z bazy danych zawierającej spis zoonimów w jednej z poznańskich lecznic weterynaryjnych. Autorka podejmuje w nim problematykę imion osobowych wykorzystywanych w funkcji zawołań zwierząt. Przedmiotem zainteresowania są zawołania, które w odniesieniu do ludzi używane są jako formy pochodne i określane zdrobnieniami. W artykule zaprezentowano statystyki pokazujące ich frekwencję u różnych gatunków zwierząt. W drugiej części przedstawiono wnioski z przeprowadzonej analizy słowotwórczej pozwalającej na dokonanie podziału omawianych zoonimów i ustalenie, która z wydzielonych grup jest najliczniejsza.
EN
The article is a continuation of earlier analyses of the material excerpted from a database containing a list of zoonyms in one of the veterinary clinics in the city of Poznań. The author considers the issue of personal names used as animal calls, focusing on the calls which, when used with reference to people, are derivative forms and are classified as diminutives. The study includes statistics of their frequency in the case of various animal species. The second part presents the conclusions of a word-formation analysis, which makes it possible to classify the zoonyms under discussion and determine which of the identified categories is the most numerous.
Mauritian writer Shenaz Patel is environmentally conscious in the graphic novels La toile bleue (2010) and Le bestiaire mauricien (2016). By further co-writing Histoire de Maurice (T1 et T2) with Jocelyn Chan Low, Patel shows the importance of knowing about and delving into a nation’s history. Patel also allows local colour to express itself. The art of convincing the reader on the above is emphasized through the graphic novels, which send a clear picture of the themes analysed. It is without difficulty that the blurred demarcations of the themes developed help to gaze through the spirit of the literary identity that comes to light.
FR
Shenaz Patel, auteure mauricienne, nous introduit à la cause environnementale dans les albums intitulés La toile bleue (2010) et Le bestiaire mauricien (2016) tout en mettant en exergue la couleur locale. À travers la co-écriture des bandes dessinées Histoire de Maurice (TI et T2) avec Jocelyn Chan Low, elle souhaite promouvoir l’histoire de l’île Maurice. Si la dynamique de l’écriture fait entendre des sonorités exquises pour un habitué, ce sera à travers la représentation picturale, accompagnée par son texte, que l’histoire et la cause environnementale semblent s’exprimer le plus. Le fait que la notion de frontière-démarcation soit réinventée par une sorte de chevauchement de territoires, permet à une certaine identité littéraire de se former.
The theme of the animal in contemporary literature responds to the need to deal with a crisis of the human, brought about by a savage globalisation and commercialisation of life, accompanied by an increasingly threatening destruction of the planet, which man is destroying in his pursuit of gain and undeserved triumphalism. Literature reacts to this destructive action of the Anthropocene and works to restore to nature (including the animal) the presence it has always had alongside man, but which man has disrespectfully underestimated. The article examines the cycle Les Petits Dieux by Sandrine Willems and focuses in particular on the representation of the relationship between the human and animal worlds. The aim is to see how Willems’ writing thematizes the idea of shared space, of the encounter, of the gaze and of the meaning that arises from the crossing of human and animal destinies. Jean-Christophe Bailly’s reflection feeds the analyses presented in the article.
FR
Le thème de l’animal dans la littérature contemporaine répond au besoin de faire face à une crise de l’humain, amenée par une globalisation sauvage et une marchandisation de la vie qu’accompagnent une mise à mal de plus en plus menaçante de la planète que l’homme détruit dans sa poursuite du gain et dans son triomphalisme revendiqué. La littérature réagit à cette action destructrice de l’anthropocène et travaille à restituer à la nature et à l’animal la présence qu’ils ont toujours eue à côté de l’homme, mais que l’homme a irrespectueusement sous-estimée. L’article étudie le cycle Les Petits Dieux de Sandrine Willems et se focalise notamment sur la représentation du rapport entre le monde humain et le monde animal. Il s’agit de voir comment l’écriture de Willems thématise l’idée de l’espace partagé, de la rencontre, du regard et du sens qui découle du croisement des destins humains et animaux. La réflexion de Jean-Christophe Bailly nourrit les analyses présentées dans l’article.
The main aim of the article is to draw attention to a different hell than that of the Nazi concentration camps, namely, the cruel test of human possibilities, impulses, and reactions that was the Siege of Leningrad. Mass famine, which had a solid scientific basis and proved to be one of the most effectiveweapons of the 20 century, was again used there. The besieged man, left to his survival instinct, shows an only seemingly (in)human face, which is manifested in eating domestic animals but also in cannibalism (this was a taboo issue for many years). Fortunately, the horrific experiment conducted on the city’s inhabitants revealed also successful, even heroic, attempts to maintain humanity and dignity. One of these is surely the history of the Leningrad Zoo, which functioned as usual during the siege (except for the winter of 1941–1942). It demonstrates not only the importance of bonds between man and animal, but also confirms that, in the face of
Der Artikel enthält Zusammenfassungen nur in Englisch.
EN
The gothic imagination often expresses a sense of the instability and/or vulnerability of human identity, bearing either on specific individuals or on the species as a whole. The present article examines the 2017 film Get Out, written and directed by Jordan Peele, in order to highlight the ways in which its exploration of the abovementioned topic relates to the tradition of the gothic as it is recognisable in literary texts dating from as far back as the eighteenth century. Relevant titles include Walter Scott’s Count Robert of Paris and Robert Louis Stevenson’s Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, as well as examples from film.
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L'article contient uniquement les résumés en anglais.
Robert Hanna and Evan Thompson offer a solution to the Mind-Body-Body Problem. The solution, in a nutshell, is that the living and lived body (Leib) is metaphysically and conceptually basic, in the sense that one’s consciousness, on the one hand, and one’s corporeal being (Körper), on the other, are nothing but dual aspects of one’s lived body. One’s living and lived body can be equated with one’s being as an animal; therefore, this solution to the Mind-Body-Body Problem amounts to an “animalist” version of the dual aspect theory.
Human sciences as a reflection of social transformations fluctuate with dynamic changes of current cognitive paradigms. Following the textual and visual turn and the turn towards things (objects), there are intensified tendencies to think in terms of an “animal turn”, which becomes close not only to activists and pro-animal activists but also to scientifically engaged humanists. I believe, however, that the animal turn should be treated as a meta-turn: a process that requires a change in the relationship between the reflecting subject and the object of reflection, and not only as a specific kind of representation of the surrounding world. In the proposed text, I attempt to analyze the causes of the turn towards animals. I also address the theme of cognitive resistance in view of the recognition of animal studies as a fully-fledged theoretical and research area of contemporary humanities.
This study in its current form has been inspired by the keynote lecture of Dr Christian M. Billing at the Brno Theatralia Conference in 2016 analysing two productions of Othello, one of them being the production of 2014 at the National Theatre Brno. He questioned the way scenography could raise issues of race and identity using common material signifiers such as props, costumes or theatre make-up. The presented study proposes a polemic with his conclusions based on an overview of the productions of Othello within the Czechoslovak context and suggests Czech and Slovak critics should pay more attention to the issues of race and identity with regards to productions of Othello.
In this article, I analyze the relations between humans, non-humans, and infrastructure in Vjeran Miladinović Merlinka’s fictionalized autobiography Terezin sin. I argue that queer humans and non-humans share a particular ontological and axiological space and time in urban ecology in relation to the built environment of cis-heteronormative socius grounded in reproductive heterosexuality.The fictionalized autobiography that is explored in this article offers a particular view of minoritarian relation as it depicts a queer form of relationality that is lived sideways to the cis-heteronormativity and reproductive heterosexuality as an oppressive form of life that creates a specific kind of infrastructural intimacy for itself in the urban built environment. Relations between queer humans andnon-humans under these conditions are decidedly messy, as they are described as both caring and exploitative in Terezin sin.
The article examines selected poems that deal with the inter-species relations in a multi-species world, from the collections of poems Tisoč osemdeset stopinj (Thousand Eighty Degrees) by Alenka Jovanovski and roko razje (Eats Away the Hand) byVesna Liponik. Through the analysis and interpretation, we investigate how their poetics work when it collides with the demonization of the other and the overt or covert social and environmental speciesism. In doing so, we discuss the symbolic and active power of poetry, the poets’ critique of the binary divide between man and other beings, and their emphasis on the inherent value of animal and, in awider context, their political-economic critique of global capitalism and linguistic, symbolic, material human violence against other species and nature.
Similarly to other works created in the context of enactivism, the works presented in this section refer to the permanently emerging subject as well as, simultaneous- ly, the world of this subject. In the article entitled „The Mind-Body-Body Problem” an animal becomes the basic element of the mind-body-body relation, while in „Living ways of sense-making” the author makes a callback to the research he performed together with Varela in the context of phenomenology and biology.
The author of the paper aims at providing a disciplined description of expressions that refer to semantic properties associated with animals and their minds. The author reflects on the role of animals in language (on he basis of linguistic data), and asks whether animals think. The author hypothesizes that animals think differently from men, because they do not speak and they think only about what they need. The method of analysis is based on putting forward hypotheses in the form of analytical implications and subjecting them to falsification by bringing them down to contradiction.
The scope of the article is to reflect upon the argument of animality in the work of the Sicilian poet Jolanda Insana (1937-2016) which represents one of the possible interpretive keys of her works. The analytical part of the paper contains an analysis from the anti-anthropocentric perspective of some fragments of the section Bestia clandestina included in the volume Turbativa d’incanto (2012).
This paper focuses on the legal issues related to creation of hybrid robots that utilize living neural tissues and embed them into robotic devices. Its aim is to identify possibilities and limitations of creating these semi-living robots with regard to the legal regulation of use of living biological tissues for research and experimental purposes. The paper analyzes the international law, the EU law and the Czech law. It concludes that the Czech law does not provide clear conditions for using animal neural tissues for creating a hybrid robot.
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