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XX
Review article of Jacek Kowalewski's book, "Creations of the past, Sketches on the anthropology of history".
XX
A review of Wojciech Piasek's book pt. Historia jako wiedza lokalna. „Antropologiczne przesunięcie” w badaniach nad historiografią PRL, Wydawnictwo UMK, Toruń, 2011.
XX
A review of the book by Marta Kurkowska-Budzan "Antykomunistyczne podziemie zbrojne na Białostocczyźnie. Analiza współczesnej symbolizacji przeszłości", Kraków 2009, ss. 256.
XX
A review of Wojciech Piasek's book pt. Historia jako wiedza lokalna. „Antropologiczne przesunięcie” w badaniach nad historiografią PRL, Wydawnictwo UMK, Toruń, 2011.
EN
This article is devoted to the anthropological and historical understanding of the symbol. the author considers that both anthropology and history find themselves in a similar situation as regards research. for the anthropologist ‘strangeness’ and ‘difference’ in their cultural senses, are dependent on their non-European exoticism. for the historian and they are dependent on their chronological distance and bygone cultural type. the interpretation of symbols is carried out by two methods. the first one of which is based on the universal character of thinking symbolically. the second treats the symbol as a cultural and historical artefact. on the basis of the theory of symbols in philosophy (Hegel, E. Husserl, L. Blaustein) and in anthropology (C. Geertz, V. turner, D. Sperber) the author affirms that symbols in non-European or historic cultures had a pragmatic meaning. they were not signs of pure thought, but aspects of everyday activity. they reveal themselves to be examples of tribal culture, transmitted to folklore and archaic Greek texts. A discussion on symbolism as historical fact is expounded in this article, which is based on the findings of R. Darnton. His book “The Great Cat Massacre and other Episodes in French Cultural History” is an example of structural analysis. its interpretation is a reconstruction of cultural classification carried out by craftsmen-printers in Paris in the 18th century. Darnton demonstrates as cultural texts: the paroemiology, street theatre, carnival, local ritual, and label the fact of the mass killing of cats characterizes. Not all the symbolic elements that lay behind their behaviour were understood by the actors who participated in these events. the author of the article gives examples of the evolution of semiotic symbols. signs changed their function: from their application for magical purposes, to symbolizing important ideas. the historian, and equally the anthropologist, must recognize and distinguish between these specificities. to the participants in these events in bygone times their cultural significance lay above all in their signs. to historians and anthropologist they are symbols, as the essence of their proposed exegesis and interpretation proves.
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A review of the book by Łukasz Malinowski "Berserkir i úlfheðnar w historii, mitach i legendach", Kraków 2009, ss. 223.
XX
The text is a record of answers to questions posed to leading representatives of Polish humanities related to cultural anthropology and history. The questions were as follows: 1. What do you think is the anthropology of history / historical anthropology? 2. What heritage, sources of inspiration and research categories can be considered the most important for the anthropology of history / historical anthropology? 3. What are the perspectives for the development of anthropology of history / historical anthropology in the field of Polish humanities?
XX
Reprint: Cz. Robotycki, Historia, tradycja, antropologia – tezy na nowo przemyślane, [w:] Atena i Arachne, która z nich piękniej tkaninę wyplata. Historia i antropologia, red. J. Eichstaedt, K. Piątkowski, „Colloquia Ethnologica”, t. 2, Ożarów, s. 31-40.
XX
The article is an introduction to the Editors' understanding the relationship between cultural anthropology and history, and thus, the anthropology of history. The "Yearbook of Anthropology of History" is to build a permanent space for the development of cooperation between historiography and cultural anthropology and the corresponding methodologies in the field of multifaceted research on the past and the functioning of its images in human cultures. Magazines will be open to representatives of other disciplines of the humanities, especially literary studies, religiology, philosophy or sociology, which undertake research on the past and its representations in the cultural key.
XX
In this article, I made use of auto presentation included in the documents presented by Piotr Kowalski in the professional situations connected with his academic career, in its initial stages. Kowalski`s scientific way led from investigations on popular literature and mass culture to the anthropology of history and media. In his observations and analysis of contemporary culture, he always had taken into consideration the historical determinations of human behaviour and artefacts in many social spaces. In his reconstructions, his visions of the world, Kowalski regarded both the synchronous and diachronous dimensions because there is no possibility to understand the present day if one cannot understand history.
XX
Reprint: L. Stomma, A jeśli było inaczej… Antropologia historii, Poznań 2008, s. 165-173.
XX
The aim of the paper is to discuss the achievements, problems, and methodology of two trends in the research on early medieval monastery life: the anthropological paradigm (legal anthropology, or New Constitutional History) and the sociological approach to monastic life. The author asks questions about the research problems that individual paradigms deal with (e.g. the relations of power in monasteries, the issues of subjectivity and identity of monks); about the kind of approach to the cultural or social truth of medieval sources they postulate; and about the consequences for the perception of early medieval monasteries as closed or even total (Erving Goffman) institutions or for their filtering into the layman’s world. The author postulates that, just as monastery life in the Middle Ages was a form of a social and psychological experiment, the area of research on this phenomenon and its relations of power may now become a territory for testing concepts and theories derived from anthropology, sociology, or political science.
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