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Lud
|
2023
|
vol. 107
|
issue 1
110-141
EN
In this article, I present the assumptions of a pilot field study entitled “Analysis of the Relationship between Anthropogenic Climate Change and Local Practices towards Intangible Cultural Heritage”, which I started in the fall of 20221. The results of the research will enable a preliminary analysis of the impact of the climate crisis on traditionally established rituals and customs related to the growing season, the annual snow cycle (cf. Bolin 2009) and surface water levels. The article outlines the problem, the ethnographic area and methods, the theoretical perspectives (including ethnoclimatology and climate ethnography, Orlove et al. 2002; Crate 2011; Strauss 2018), the scope of the research work and preliminary conclusions.
PL
W artykule prezentuję założenia pilotażowych badań terenowych pt. Analiza zależności między antropogenicznymi zmianami klimatu a lokalnymi praktykami wobec niematerialnego dziedzictwa kulturowego, które rozpoczęłam jesienią 2022 roku. Zakładam, że wyniki badań umożliwią wstępną analizę wpływu kryzysu klimatycznego na ustalone tradycją obrzędy i zwyczaje związane z okresem wegetacyjnym, rocznym cyklem zalegania śniegu (por. Bolin 2009) oraz poziomem wód powierzchniowych. Artykuł nakreśla problem, obszar i metody badawcze, przyjęte perspektywy teoretyczne, m.in. etnoklimatologię i etnografię klimatu (Orlove, Chiang, Cane 2002; Crate 2011; Strauss 2018), zakres planowanych prac, a także wstępne wnioski.
EN
The presence of small artificial water reservoirs is typical of the landscape of small agricultural catchments. The old mill dammings are used today mostly for recreation and fish farming. Moreover, they are a very important part of the hydrological system of small rivers, stabilizing and shaping the discharge and physico-chemical characteristics of water. Coupled with the landscape function of the ponds goes their functioning in conditions of strong human pressure in the urban space. A canalized rivers in the urban parts of its courses picks up rubbishes washed down from the surface and coming from a storm sewer system and sometimes from leachate from a sanitary sewage system.An example of hydrological systems operating in such environments are Dzierżązna and Sokołówka catchments (Fig. 1). The first one is located north of Zgierz in the impact zone of the city of Łódź. Despite agro-forestry character, a significant impact on water quality is the chalets area and the A2 motorway crossing the catchment. The Sokołówka catchment is flowing through the urban area of the Łódź city. Both of the river flows are highly variable, and the water is heavily contaminated and has a high load of suspension (Tab. 1)In both of the catchments the role of artificial reservoirs created to improve the quality of water is the important issue. In the Dzierżązna catchment the several retention and infiltration ponds are working for regulating the outflow from the A2 motorway. In the Sokołówka valley the biofilter has been recently built (Fig. 2). It was constructed in order to purify urban storm- and waste water (sequential biofiltration system of Sokołówka – SSBS). The main purpose of the constructed SSBS was to remove sediments, suspended solids, particulate pollutants, petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, nutrients and bacterial contamination from storm-water runoff through sedimentation and filtration mechanisms.The paper discusses the construction of both systems and technical solutions. To evaluate the effectiveness of their operation analyzed changes in the basic characteristics of physicochemical water parameters (water temperature, conductivity (SEC), pH, the concentration of dissolved oxygen, turbidity (NTU)) measured before and after both of cleansing systems in the year and multiyear (Fig. 3, Fig. 4).Attention has been also paid to the distribution of the mineral sediment deposited on the bottom of the biofilter SSBS system (Fig. 5). It was found that lowering the temperature in the winter and the appearance of a compact ice cap adversely affect the ability of biofilm to absorb pollutants causing (relative to the hot half year) an increase of conductivity, a higher pH and reducing of oxygenation of water.Identified mean changes of the selected physicochemical parameters of water discharged from the area of the A2 motorway to the Dzierżązna river system and as a result of the SSBS system operation to Sokołówka river (Fig. 6).All the measured parameters are reduced after passing through both of systems. As a result of mechanical sedimentation the greatest reduction is suspended material transported by water – in the SSBS on average about 16% less than in untreated waters (in the Dzierżązna catchment this element was not measured). The pH of the water in both systems changes to the same extent – decreases by 10% in the Dzierżązna, and 7% in SSBS.
EN
This paper presents the problem of depressions without surface outflow, created as a result of human influence on terrain relief in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. Identification of the abovementioned landforms was carried out on the basis of cartographic materials and field mapping. 1,276 anthropogenic closed depressions were found within the borders of mesoregion, covering an area of 13.37 km2 which represents 0.7% of the entire mesoregion’s area. The work is also an attempt to classify identified depressions. Due to their genesis, depressions were divided into four main types: post-mining, caused by backpressure levels, earthworks and land improvement or regulation of natural water courses. In subsequent parts, sub-types of these depressions were identified as well. In the Świętokrzyskie Mountains, depressions resulting from backpressure levels of the area caused by road embankments are represented the most as they constitute about 51% of all depressions. however, in terms of occupied area, the post-mining depressions are prevailing, covering 77% of all anthropogenic closed depressions in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. The classification includes only those types of depressions which were found on the analyzed area and are not universal.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono problem zagłębień pozbawionych odpływu powierzchniowego, powstałych w wyniku ingerencji człowieka w rzeźbę terenu w Górach Świętokrzyskich. Na podstawie materiałów kartograficznych i kartowania terenowego przeprowadzono identyfikację powyższych form terenu. W granicach mezoregionu stwierdzono występowanie 1276 antropogenicznych zagłębień bezodpływowych, które obejmują powierzchnię 13,37 km2, stanowiącą 0,7% powierzchni całego mezoregionu. W pracy dokonano również próby klasyfikacji zidentyfikowanych zagłębień. Ze względu na genezę zagłębienia podzielono na cztery główne typy: poeksploatacyjne, spowodowane podpiętrzeniami terenu, pracami ziemnymi oraz melioracją lub regulacją cieków. W dalszej części wydzielono również podtypy genetyczne tychże zagłębień. W Górach Świętokrzyskich najliczniej reprezentowane są zagłębienia związane z podpiętrzeniami terenu spowodowanymi przez nasypy drogowe i stanowią one ok. 51% wszystkich zagłębień. Jednakże pod względem zajmowanej powierzchni dominują zagłębienia poeksploatacyjne wyrobiskowe, obejmując 77% powierzchni wszystkich antropogenicznych zagłębień bezodpływowych w Górach Świętokrzyskich. Przedstawiona klasyfikacja obejmuje wyłącznie typy zagłębień, których występowanie stwierdzono na analizowanym obszarze i nie ma charakteru uniwersalnego. 
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