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EN
The aim of the article is to analyse appellatives, recorded in "The Dictionary of surnames used in Poland in the 21st century", which were derived from Polish and German names of agricultural tools. Personal names created in this manner indivisualised a person, indicating his profession according to the metonymic model DOER FOR INSTRUMENT. The surnames subject to analysis were: "Brona", Ger. "Egge", "Cep", Ger. "Flegel", "Kosa", Ger. "Sense", "Lemiesz", Ger. "Pflugschar", "Pług", Ger. "Pflug", "Radło", Ger. "Rührpflug", "Sierp", Ger. "Sichel", "Socha", Ger. "Hakenpflug". At the moment of their creation, these surnames were characteristic of lower social strata: peasants or craftsmen. The nominainstrumenti carrier could have been the user or the maker of a given tool. The surnames are then vehicles of content and values connected with a particular individual, thus fulfilling the culture-forming function.
EN
The paper presents baptismal names of inhabitants of Bielsk Podlaski from the years 1890–1909 excerpted from the church records of Orthodox parishes and a Roman Catholic parish. In the context of this confessional diversification the frequency of individual given names, their share in terms of the religious-cultural motivation and linguistic origin, as well as the forms in which they were recorded were analysed.
EN
In the article medieval proper names certified in the sources of Horodlo union are discussed. Their new edition was published by Lithuanian and Polish historians (Horodlo Acts of 1413 (Documents and Studies), J. Kiaupien˙e, L. Korczak (eds) Vilnius–Kraków 2013). They document an interesting stage in the development of the noble names in Poland and the names of boyars in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the anthroponymy of these social groups the 15th century was the period of withdrawing from one-name nomination and gradual reinforcement of two-name system – the first name and the second naming word. Place names (analytical and synthetic), appellative words of nickname type, heraldic names and patronims performed the function of proto-surname. Structurally two-element models prevail but one- and three-element formulae are also observed.
Onomastica
|
2016
|
vol. 60
201-213
EN
The subject of the article is the occurrence of dialectal features in Internet nicknames. The analysis was carried out on the basis of about 2500 nicknames that contained dialectal features. The names were obtained within the years 2012–2015. In the analysis, linguistic areas were indicated in which we may notice the influence of local dialects on that layer of the Internet anthroponymy. The influence of local dialects is visible in the fact that the Internet users reach for traditional folk names as well as name models related to the folk manner of identifying a human being, e.g. Jagatka, Jantecek, Janielka od Genowefy, Cesiek z Tuchowa. Apart from references to folk anthroponymy, the Internet nicknames reflect the influence of local dialect lexis (e.g. gzub, graślok, fusyt), phonetics (janioł, Carownica, łokrutny łoptymista), inflection (Śpisok z Łapsóf, ciupaga łod tater) and word-formation, e.g. (rzemyszek, cwaniuk).
IT
L’obiettivo di questo contributo consiste nell’esaminare un tipo specifico di nomi propri, ossia i soprannomi dei criminali italiani e polacchi contemporanei. Collocata nell’ambito dell’onomastica, e in particolare dell’antroponimia, questa ricerca mira a presentare, dopo brevi considerazioni terminologiche, una panoramica dei soprannomi criminali sotto l’aspetto semantico e pragmatico. Si analizzano soprattutto le loro motivazioni e i campi semantici a cui si riferiscono, cercando di identificare delle tendenze antroponimiche principali ed esaminare il rapporto tra la forma e la connotazione di un soprannome e la sua funzione in quanto elemento del gergo criminale.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony jest specyficznemu rodzajowi nazw własnych, jakim są przezwiska współczesnych polskich i włoskich przestępców. W ramach niniejszego badania – mieszczącego się w zakresie onomastyki, a konkretnie antroponimii – przezwiska przestępcze zostały poddane analizie z punktu widzenia semantyki i pragmatyki w celu wyodrębnienia ich głównych motywacji oraz pól semantycznych, do których się odnoszą. Pozwoliło to na przedstawienie wstępnej typologii przezwisk, z uwzględnieniem relacji pomiędzy formą językową a konotacją, a także ich funkcji w slangu przestępczym.
EN
The article relates to male names of the subjects in the grounds of the Camaldolese monks from the Lake Wigry area.. The names originate from the manuscript called Inwentarz Ogólny Dóbr Funduszowych Klasztoru Wygerskiego Xięży Kamaldulow przed Generalną Komissyą J.K.Mśi y Rzeczpospolitej sporządzony. Roku 1745. The subjects of the Camaldolese monastery had primarily Christian names. Among Slavic names it is possible to mention only the most popular ones that refer to Roman Catholic Church Saints such as: Stanisław and Wojciech, and names (1971 M. Malec. Budowa morfologiczna staropolskich złożonych imion osobowych Stanisława Zbijowska,Janina Zbinowska, Wrocław.) given in royal families: Kazmierz and Bolesław. However, there is an exception of a Slavic name written in a shortened form Chwaluk, derived by the suffix –uk from the names of the type of Chwalisław. There are 69 male names mentioned in the document. The most popular ones are: Jan, Andrzej, Michał, Maciej, Szymon/Siemion, Chwiodor, Jakub,Paweł, Stefan, Marcin, Bazyli / Wasyl, Grzegorz / Hryhor, Franciszek, Józef, Aleksiej/Oleksiej,Mateusz and Wojciech.
EN
The purpose of this article is to show how the derivation of genetically German Polish names derived from the name Nikolaus. These names were taken from the Dictionary of Names Used in Poland at the Beginning of the XXI century, edited by K. Rymut (Słownik nazwisk używanych w Polsce na początku XXI wieku). The author draws attention to the ways in which they were Polonized and shows the phonetic and morphological processes that led to the existence of the name on the basis of the German language. In addition, the introduction of the article presents the etymology of the name of Nikolaus and indicates on the forms occurring in the Dictionary of Old Polish Personal Names (Słownik staropolskich nazw osobowych).
EN
The article presents the methods of germanisation of Polish names in the south of Warmia in the 17th and 18th centuries. The author analyses the names that show adaptations on phonetical, graphical and morphological levels. An analysis of the names whose form could be the effect of loan translation was not carried out. One of the conclusions goes that the pronouncing of the Polish palatal and historically palatal consonants was the most difficult. According to the article, it is also problematic to show rules of differentiating between i and y. Word-formation aspects of the analyses show that feminine forms of the names were often created by adding the German formant –in while the suffixes -son, -ert, -en, -ke, -au were used less frequently.
EN
Selected assumptions of cognitive methodology were used in various works for anthroponymy analysis. This methodology, which is a research perspective, does not constitute a coherent theory. In order to determine the importance of onyms, the basic theses of the aforementioned methodology, i.e. the thesis of embodied cognition, the thesis of constructing meaning as conceptualization and the thesis of symbolization were applied. Determining the importance of anthroponyms was the basis for this deep analysis with the use of cognitive concepts such as: a symbolic unit or symbolic expression, habituation, a metaphor, and conceptual metonymy, schematization, a conceptual category, a standard version of the category concept, prototype or family similarity theory. This methodological approach allowed the author to study homonymy and anthroponymic polysemy. Cognitivism is a methodology that allows for a more in depth research in the field of onomastics, which has been demonstrated on the basis of anthroponymic analysis.
PL
Celem pracy jest przedstawienie kognitywizmu jako metody interpretacji antroponimów. Wybrane założenia metodologii kognitywnej stosowane były w różnych pracach do analizy antroponimów. Metodologia ta, będąca perspektywą badawczą, nie stanowi spójnej teorii. W celu ustalenia znaczenia onimów zastosowano podstawowe założenia wspomnianej metodologii, tj. tezy o ucieleśnionym poznaniu, o konstruowaniu znaczenia jako konceptualizacji i o symbolizacji. Określenie znaczenia antroponimów było podstawą do ich pogłębionej analizy z zastosowaniem takich pojęć kognitywnych, jak: jednostka symboliczna czy wyrażenie symboliczne, habituacja, metafora i metonimia pojęciowa, schematyzacja, kategoria pojęciowa, wersja standardowa koncepcji kategorii, prototyp czy teoria podobieństwa rodzinnego. Takie podejście metodologiczne pozwoliło m.in. na zbadanie homonimii i polisemii antroponimicznej. Kognitywizm jest metodologią pozwalającą na pogłębienie badań z zakresu onomastyki, co zostało wykazane na podstawie analizy antroponimów.
EN
The article presents the proverbs including the most popular name in Poland – Anna. The analyzed material – surprisingly tiny, comprising twenty-two paremiological units – has been drawn from the Nowa księga przysłów i wyrażeń przysłowiowych polskich (New book of Polish proverbs and proverbial expressions). In the collected, semantically clear group of proverbs, the following has been pointed out and described: 1) weather proverbs connected to the calendar day of Saint Anna, 2) proverbs concerning various customs connected to the calendar day of Saint Anna, c) proverbs connected to the patronage of Saint Anna, 4) proverbs where names Anna, Hanka, Anulka symbolize a common rural girl.
EN
Warmia and Mazuria are lands where ethnic population totally changed twice through the centuries. Till the end of the 18th century, anthroponymy featured solely in scarce monographs and minor articles. Personal names appearing in the individual bailiwicks chiefly reflect diversified influence of Polish and German anthro-ponymy. Population changes after World War II also resulted in a replacement of surname types appearing in those regions. At that time one could observe a major influence – due to non-linguistic reasons – of personal names of East Slavic origin which can be clearly seen both in the stems and in the morphological exponents of these names.
PL
Analizowany materiał językowy pochodzi ze Słownika nazwisk mieszkańców Piotrkowa Trybunalskiego i okolic XIX–XX wieku, autorstwa E. Piotrowicz, A. Raszewskiej-Klimas i L. Pacan-Bonarek. Ukazana została różnorodność struktur onimicznych uwarunkowana podłożem historyczno-kulturowym. Poprzez pryzmat nazwiska omówiono zróżnicowanie etniczne mieszkańców dawnego Piotrkowa. Dokonano analizy etymologicznej i strukturalnej obcych nazwisk piotrkowian. Na niepolskie pochodzenie antroponimów wskazują zarówno podstawy derywacyjne (odetniczne, odmiejscowe, odimienne i odapelatywne), jak i struktura nazwisk. W nazwiskach piotrkowian widoczne są ślady rosyjskie, ukraińskie, białoruskie, łużyckie, pruskie, litewskie, czeskie, słowackie, węgierskie, austriackie, włoskie, jidysz i inne. Obce nazwiska mieszkańców Piotrkowa ulegały różnym procesom adaptacyjnym do polskiego systemu językowego.
EN
The analysed linguistic material comes from „The Dictionary of the 19th and 20th-century Surnames of Piotrkow and Its Surroundings’ Residents” by E. Piotrowicz, A. Raszewska-Klimas and L. Pacan- -Bonarek. The variety of onymic structures conditioned to the historical-cultural ground has been presented. The ethnic variety of the town inhabitants is shown through the prism of the surname. The foreign surnames of Piotrkow’s inhabistants have undergone an etymological and structural analysis. The derivational bases (ethnic-based, place-based, name-based and appellative-based) as well as the surnames’ structures indicate the non-Polish origin of the anthroponyms. In the surnames of Piotrkow’s residents there are Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Lusatian, Prussian, Lithuanian, Czech, Slovakian, Hungarian, Austrian, Italian, Yiddish and other traces. The foreign surnames of Piotrkow’s residents went through various adaptation processes to the Polish language system.
15
75%
PL
Artykuł jest częścią obszerniejszego tematu, w którym autor omawia imiona męskie rzadziej występujące wśród obywateli polskich, tj. Polaków i cudzoziemców z obywatelstwem polskim. Podstawą doboru imion jest Słownik imion współcześnie w Polsce używanych, obejmujący stan na rok 1994, opublikowany przez R. Rymuta w Krakowie w 1995 r. Opracowane imiona są pochodzenia hebrajskiego: Izaak, Izajasz, Izmael, Izrael, Jafet, Jezus, Jozue, Joshua, Job, Hiob, Joe, Joel, Jona, Jonasz, Kain, Kaleb; greckiego: Ikar, Irydion, Jazon, Jezon, Jerofiej, Kalenik, Karion, Kastor, Kiriakos, Kleofas, Klet, Konon, Ksenofan, Ksenofont; łacińskiego: Innocenty, Inwencjusz, Italik, Juwenal, Juwenalis, Inwencjusz, Kalwin, Kandyd, Kolumb, Koronaty, Kwiryn; germańskiego: Indefons, Ingbert, Ingemar, Ingwar, Karl, Kunibert, Kuno: słowiańskiego: Izasław, Krzesimir, Krzesisław; dwuznaczne: Janus, Janin, Karp.
EN
It is a part of a broader subject in which the Author selects male names that are rarely used by Polish citizens (Poles and foreigners with Polish citizenship). He makes the choice of names on the basis of Dictionary of names currently used in Poland (Słownik imion współcześnie w Polsce używanych), reflecting state in 1994, published by R. Rymut in Kraków, in 1995. The studied names are of Hebrew origin: Izaak, Izajasz, Izmael, Izrael, Jafet, Jezus, Jozue, Joshua, Job, Hiob, Joe, Joel, Jona, Jonasz, Kain, Kaleb; of Greek origin: Ikar, Irydion, Jazon, Jezon, Jerofiej, Kalenik, Karion, Kastor, Kiriakos, Kleofas, Klet, Konon, Ksenofan, Ksenofont; of Latin origin: Innocenty, Inwencjusz, Italik, Juwenal, Juwenalis, Inwencjusz, Kalwin, Kandyd, Kolumb, Koronaty, Kwiryn; of Slavic origin: Izasław, Krzesimir, Krzesisław; ambiguous: Janus, Janin, Karp.
EN
Old Polish two-word names were described by Witold Taszycki (see abb RiSP I 32 – 138) and his student Maria Malec (see abb Mal I). Having the popular names and the names registered in historical sources as examples, language users have been creating analogical names, which are often inappropriate. Those inappropriate names have been noted down and discussed in the following article. Some of the mentioned names are creations with failed infixes, eg. Bogimił, Radinir instead of Bogumił, Radomir; misspelt such as: Badzimierz, Bisław, Bochdan instead of correct Będzimir, Bysław, Bogdan or Bohdan, they convey some ideas like: Chlebosław: chleb ‘bread, basic groceries’, they are forms used by Slavs and other nations, eg. German Kasimir. They are usually not frequently used.
EN
The paper presents a semantic and structural analysis of the anthroponyms of millers and inhabitants of mill villages of the Brańsk starosty in the Podlasie region in the 16th –19th centuries. The author also investigates the formation and stabilization of the personal names within this professional group. The text is complemented by dictionary of anthroponyms, based on archival materials containig a chronology of  names and their location.
PL
W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie semantyczno-strukturalnej antroponimy (nazwiska, przezwiska, przydomki) młynarzy i mieszkańców osad młyńskich dawnego starostwa brańskiego na Podlasiu w XVI–XIX wieku. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autora jest również proces kształtowania się i stabilizacji nazwisk badanej grupy zawodowej. Uzupełnieniem tekstu jest słownik antroponimów, oparty na wyekscerpowanym materiale źródłowym, w którym ukazano chronologię nazw osobowych oraz ich lokalizację.
RU
W niniejszym artykule poddano analizie semantyczno-strukturalnej antroponimy (nazwiska, przezwiska, przydomki) młynarzy i mieszkańców osad młyńskich dawnego starostwa brańskiego na Podlasiu w XVI–XIX wieku. Przedmiotem zainteresowania autora jest również proces kształtowania się i stabilizacji nazwisk badanej grupy zawodowej. Uzupełnieniem tekstu jest słownik antroponimów, oparty na wyekscerpowanym materiale źródłowym, w którym ukazano chronologię nazw osobowych oraz ich lokalizację.
Onomastica
|
2020
|
vol. 64
193-209
EN
The onymic image of the world in a translation through an intermediary language as exemplified by the anthroponyms in a collection of short stories “Baummoos pflücken” (lit. “The Lichen Collector”) by Zhang Wei.The article addresses the issue of the linguistic image of the world - reflected in proper names - and of its translation. Chinese onyms and their related forms of address contain information about mutual relations between the speaker and the named object, thus offering a better insight into social relations in small language and cultural communities. The challenge for the translator is not only to translate these onyms, but also to preserve their social function in the text. This has been exemplified in the article by a translation of a collection of short stories from Chinese to Polish through German, where the intermediary language adds another coherence layer. The theory of the linguistic image of the world and proper names per se are a starting point for a critical analysis of this specific translation in view of the translation of onyms and of their potential for conveying the image of the world. Emphasis is placed on the transfer of the social functions of onyms into the target language. The influence of onyms and of their consistent treatment in the translation on the coherence of the studied text has also been taken into account.
PL
Artykuł sygnalizuje problem zakodowanego w nazwach własnych językowego obrazu świata i jego przekładu. Chińskie onimy i ich formy adresatywne przekazują odbiorcy informacje o wzajemnych relacjach między mówiącym a nazywanym, rysując tym samym szerszy obraz relacji społecznych w małych wspólnotach językowych i kulturowych. Przekład tych onimów na język obcy z zachowaniem ich funkcji społecznej jest wyzwaniem dla tłumacza. Jako egzemplifikację autorka wybrała przekład chińskiego zbioru opowiadań na język polskim za pośrednictwem języka niemieckiego, co temat komplikuje, wprowadzając dodatkową płaszczyznę koherencji. Nawiązując do teorii JOSu oraz nazw własnych w ogóle dokonano krytycznej analizy konkretnego tłumaczenia utworów pod kątem przekładu onimów i ich potencjału przekazania obrazu świata, z naciskiem na przekaz funkcji społecznej nazw własnych w języku docelowym. Uwzględniono także wpływ onimów i ich konsekwentnego potraktowania w przekładzie na spójność badanego tekstu.
Onomastica
|
2017
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
193-217
EN
The article refers to the opinion of J. S. Bystroń, according to which the children born in unmarried relationships were given original, unused in a given environment names, what was supposed to stigmatize them as born in sin. The study collects the names of illegitimate children born in the parish of St. Mary Magdalene in Działoszyn from the years 1808–1867 and 1892–1900. For comparison, the names of children and their parents from 1811, 1831, 1841, 1861 and 1892 were collected. In addition, they were compiled with names occurring in Działoszyn from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The conclusions drawn show that non-typical, rare names are used for illegitimate children more often than for other children. However, giving such names was not a rule. This phenomenon requires further detailed research.
Onomastica
|
2017
|
vol. 61
|
issue 2
219-237
EN
The present paper describes changes that occurred in personal naming practices of Poles during World War II as a result of the German language policy enforced in pre-war Polish territories that was incorporated into the Third Reich. Based on the analysis of the turnover rate of the most frequent first names it is demonstrated that significant changes took place in the areas of pre-war Poland that were joined to the three provinces of the Third Reich - Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, the Province of Upper Silesia, and Reichsgau Wartheland. The paper discusses the nature of changes that occurred in particular regions as well as the way they were reversed in 1945.
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