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1
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Economic significance of the sea fisheries and aquaculture industries

100%
Berkowska E.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
|
2023
|
issue 2(78)
203-207
EN
The article focuses on the analysis of the importance of fisheries and aquaculture to Poland’s economy. The article presents statistics on the value, employment and budget allocated to fisheries and aquaculture.
2

Socio-Economic Aspects of Changes in Czech Fishing Traditions in Regional Contexts

75%
Kouba V.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2021
|
vol. 31
|
issue 4
299 - 309
EN
The article focuses on the current changes in the traditions of the Czech aquaculture and the possibilities of using fishing traditions in regional development. It is based on field research in smaller fishing areas of Bohemia (surroundings of Blatná, Chlumec nad Cidlinou, and Přelouč). While in Blatná and its surroundings the tradition of autumn public fish harvest is still alive, and even, as a complement to it, the community-oriented June Fishing Festival was established, fishermen in eastern Bohemia consider public harvests to be dangerous (busy roads run on the dams of the ponds) and loss-making. While the economic importance of the Czech aquaculture is declining, its non-productive functions are becoming increasingly important, both for the landscape and water retention in it, as well as for the regional identity and development of tourism associated with the growing popularity of recreational fishing. While present-day Czech fish producers focus primarily on maximizing their production, a differentiation of approaches to the industry can be expected in the future, including the emergence of new products using elements of fishing traditions in their marketing. We can therefore divide fishing traditions into the following categories: production, environment, leisure, and regional aspects.
3
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Exploring Ecopreneurship in the Blue Growth: A Grounded Theory Approach

63%
Lasner T., Hamm U.
Roczniki Socjologii Morskiej
|
2014
|
vol. 23
4-20
EN
Fisheries and aquacultures, the farming of fish, provide people livelihoods in rural and coastal societies all over the world. Fish, mussels, crabs and seaweed are captured in wild seas, lakes, and rivers or farmed in ponds, raceways, and cage cultures. Simultaneously, the fisheries sector faces many challenges: Overfishing endangers biodiversity and the natural regeneration capacity of marine resources; inequality occurs in case of the distribution of fishing permissions and technologies; the skyrocketing economic growth of aquaculture (so called ‘Blue Growth’) can lead to high environmental risks. All these dynamics cause social changes for fishers and fish farmers and in consequence for the future of their enterprises. In particular, the imbalance between supply from overfished oceans and the increasing demand for seafood grows from year to year. Modernising the aquaculture sector and its intensification seem to be the only possibility to close this gap and is one of the most important aims of the current reform of the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Commission. Thus, to match the challenges for marine fisheries in the near future is closely related to the further development of marine and inland aquaculture. But, conventional aquacultures are often connected with environmental risks. One possibility to overcome the environmental challenges and to reduce the pollution output of aquacultures at the same time can be seen in an ecological modernisation of the sector. The central protagonist in an ecological modernisation is the ecological orientated entrepreneur (ecopreneur). In the last decades a few ecopreneurial inland fish farmers have started to adopt two very different ecological innovations: idea−based organic practices or technology−based recirculating aquaculture systems. Nowadays, it is not certain whether these both ‘green’ innovations will diffuse or not in the aquacultural sector. Using the Grounded Theory approach, biographical interviews with German fish farmers, both ecopreneurial pioneers and conventional farmers, were conducted and analysed to carry out the underlying reasons for or against the implementation of ecological innovations from the point of view of the adopting unit: the fish farmers. Building on empirical insights as well as sociologies of social change and diffusion of innovations, a middle−range theory of ecopreneurships in aquaculture was developed, which addressed the apparently simple question: Why do some fish farmers adopt an ecological innovation, and some do not? Basically, our results show, that fish farmers' decision−making−process towards an ecological innovation is not only guided by economic cost−benefit calculation, but by a complex of patterns, where economic perspectives meet ecological motives as well as social aspects. By trend, those fish farmers, who had a strong ecological motivation, were embedded into a ‘green−minded’ social network and had a high degree of identification with their innovative production method, were willing to take higher risks in the adaption process of an ecological innovation than their conventional colleagues. Furthermore, our article argues that there is a need for further sociological approaches in fisheries and aquaculture research to understand patterns of acting motivation among seafood protagonists in deep. Understanding the fish farmers’ perspectives, their construction of reality, can provide a sustainable fisheries and aquaculture management policy, which will be widely accepted by the individuals concerned.
4
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Especialidades legislativas para el sector agroalimentario en tiempos de COVID-19 en España

54%
Muñiz Espada E., López Torres J. M.
Przegląd Prawa Rolnego
|
2020
|
issue 1(26)
179-194
IT
L’articolo si propone di rispondere alla domanda in che misura le regolazioni giuridiche, adottate dal legislatore spagnolo al fine di sostenere il settore agroalimentare di fronte alla pandemia del COVID-19, siano efficaci e tutelino gli operatori del settore agroalimentare contro gli effetti dell’epidemia. La situazione epidemiologica legata alla diffusione del virus COVID-19 in Spagna ha portato a una grave crisi sanitaria e ha imposto di intervenire in tutti i settori dell’economia. Sono stati modificati numerosi atti giuridici, compresi quelli per i quali non è stato necessario modificarne il contenuto in seguito alla proclamazione dello stato di emergenza. Gli Autori hanno presentato le disposizioni, tra l’altro, del regio decreto regio n. 13 del 7 aprile 2020 sui sussidi preferenziali di disoccupazione e altre prestazioni sociali nel settore agroalimentare per gli operatori del settore agroalimentare, del regio decreto n. 15 del 21 aprile 2020 sulle misure aggiuntive per il sostegno all’economia e all’occupazione e del regio decreto legislativo n. 19 del 26 maggio 2020 sull’attuazione di misure aggiuntive nei settori dell’agricoltura, della scienza, dell’economia, dell’occupazione e della sicurezza sociale e delle tasse per mitigare gli effetti del COVID-19 sull’agricoltura. A causa della funzione estremamente importante dell’attività agroalimentare (tra cui agricoltura, allevamento animali, acquacoltura, pesca, industria alimentare), i divieti adottati durante l’epidemia non hanno contribuito in modo significativo alle difficoltà di funzionamento dell’industria agroalimentare. Ciò risulta, tra l’altro, dal fatto di aver adottato una regolazione a sostegno del settore agroalimentare alla luce delle sfide poste dalla diffusione del virus COVID-19.
EN
The epidemiological situation that the health crisis has generated as a consequence of COVID-19 in Spain has entailed the adoption of certain measures in almost all areas of the economy. It has even been used to modify aspects that were not justified by the urgency or alarm of the health situation. The essential nature recognised for the agri-food activity (agriculture, livestock, aquaculture, fishing and food industry) has made it possible to maintain the activity throughout the entire state of alarm. This exceptional situation has demanded extraordinary urgent measures counteracting the economic and social impact of COVID-19. In the agricultural sector itself, Royal Decree-Law 13/2020 of 7 April 2020 sought to establish as a measure the compatibility of unemployment benefits or other social or labor benefits with the performance of agricultural tasks, attracting people in a situation of unemployment or cessation of activity, as well as those workers whose contracts have been temporarily suspended or those migrants whose work permit was to end in the period between the declaration of the State of alarm and 30 June 2020 to attend to the needs of the existing manpower. Likewise, measures have been adopted to facilitate the inclusion of workers in the Special System of Self-Employed Agrarian Workers (SETA), with a lower cost for the subjects received, through Royal Decree-Law 15/2020, of 21 April 2020, of complementary urgent measures to support the economy and employment. For this, all the conditions that have been until now related to income are eliminated. Lastly, the Royal Decree-Law 19/2020 of 26 May 2020, which adopts complementary measures in agrarian, agricultural, scientific, economic, employment, Social Security and tax matters to mitigate the effects of COVID-19, has now been extended for three months the content of the Royal Decree-Law 13/2020, with the aim of ensuring sufficient manpower to meet the summer farming needs.
ES
La situación epidemiológica que ha generado la crisis sanitaria como consecuencia del COVID-19 en España ha supuesto la adopción de determinadas medidas en casi todos los ámbitos de la economía. Incluso se ha utilizado para modificar aspectos que no estaban justificados por la urgencia o alarma de la situación sanitaria. El carácter esencial reconocido para la actividad agroalimentaria (agricultura, ganadería, acuicultura, pesca e industria alimentaria) ha permitido mantener la actividad durante todo el estado de alarma. Esta situación excepcional ha exigido medidas urgentes extraordinarias para contrarrestar el impacto económico y social del COVID-19. En el propio sector agrario, el Real Decreto-ley 13/2020 de 7 de abril de 2020 pretendía establecer como medida la compatibilidad de las prestaciones por desempleo u otras prestaciones sociales o laborales con el desempeño de tareas agrarias, atrayendo personas en situación de paro o cese de actividad, así como aquellos trabajadores cuyos contratos hayan sido suspendidos temporalmente o aquellos migrantes cuyo permiso de trabajo iba a finalizar en el período comprendido entre la declaración del estado de alarma y el 30 de junio de 2020 para atender las necesidades de la mano de obra existente. Asimismo, se han adoptado medidas para facilitar la inclusión de los trabajadores en el Sistema Especial de Trabajadores Agrarios Autónomos (SETA), con un menor coste para los sujetos recibidos, mediante Real Decreto-ley 15/2020, de 21 de abril de 2020, de medidas urgentes complementarias para apoyar la economía y el empleo. Para ello, se eliminan todas las condiciones que hasta ahora estaban relacionadas con la renta. Por último, el Real Decreto-ley 19/2020, de 26 de mayo de 2020, por el que se adoptan medidas complementarias en materia agraria, agraria, científica, económica, laboral, de Seguridad Social y tributaria para paliar los efectos del COVID-19, se ha prorrogado por tres meses el contenido del Real Decreto-ley 13/2020, con el objetivo de garantizar la mano de obra suficiente para cubrir las necesidades agrícolas de verano.
5
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Развитие производства ингредиентов комбикормов из продуктов моря в условиях Арктики

45%
Ivanovich Syrovatka V.
Zeszyty Naukowe Ostrołęckiego Towarzystwa Naukowego
|
2016
|
vol. Zeszyt
|
issue XXX
462-468
EN
Volumes of production of animal feed in Russia, the annual demand for energy and digestible protein, feed conversion efficiency does not always exist respectively, given the productivity of livestock and poultry. Energy and proto-new nutritional animal feed may be improved by fish and sea-cal resources in the Arctic. It is predicted that in 30–50 years in aquaculture re-CE PT animal feed will take 40–50%, instead of grain.
PL
Wielkości produkcji pasz w Rosji, roczne zapotrzebowanie na energię i białko przyswajalne oraz efektywności wykorzystania paszy, nie zawsze odpowiadają produkcyjności zwierząt i ptaków. Wartość odżywcza pasz dla zwierząt może być poprawiona przez ryby i zasoby morskie w Arktyce. Przewiduje się, że w ciągu 30–50 lat akwakultury, zamiast zbóż, zajmą w recepturach pasz 40–50%.
RU
Объемы производства комбикормов в России, годовая потребность в энергии и перева-,риваемом протеине, эффективность конверсии корма не всегда соответствуют заданной,продуктивности животных и птицы. Энергетическую и протеиновую питательность,комбикормов возможно повысить за счет рыбных и морских ресурсов Арктики. Про-,гнозируется, что через 30–50 лет аквакультура в рецепте комбикормов будет занимать,40–50%, взамен зерновых.
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