Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 5

first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  archaic
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
1

COVID-19 tingitud folkloristlikud reaktsioonid Valgevenes

100%
Valodzina T., Marmysh T.
Mäetagused
|
2021
|
vol. 79
35-54
EN
The article gives an overview of the folk culture mechanisms that helped to cope with the pandemic situation in Belorussia during the first wave of COVID-19 (until midsummer 2020). The article is based on the qualitative analysis of interview texts related to the pandemic as well as the content of internet users’ visual reactions (memes, poems, proverbs). In folk culture the mechanisms helping to overcome the crisis situation often have a ritual-magical nature. When describing the influence of the pandemic on some practices, the authors conclude that their performing in the crisis situation was especially important for the community. One of the ancient rituals activated for preventing the epidemic was the creation of a magic circle around the village by conducting a procession around the village with a ritual towel (‘rushnik-abydzionnik’), which had to be made within one day. On March 28, this one-day-ritual was performed in Minsk with the greatest possible adherence to tradition. The initiators and participants of the practice were mainly representatives of the Students Ethnographic Society. Not all women present knew how to spin or weave, but some of the simplest operations were mastered. The towel was carried around Minsk and brought to a stone on the site of a pagan temple in the centre of Minsk at the sunset. The towel was tied around the stone, and the latter was also covered with threads spun on the same day. The ritual relieved the tension of the participants and fostered awareness of their solidarity, strengthening collective networks, and the feeling of empathy and unity. COVID-19 also affected the living traditions in Belarus. Some traditional practices were cancelled or postponed. The spread of the pandemic created a negative backdrop for living traditions. However, a number of rites and ceremonies were carried out despite the pandemic in accordance with their spatial and temporal reference. Due to the difficult epidemiological situation, the usual order of ceremonies was changed – their duration was reduced without changing the traditional rite structure. Only local residents participated in the rituals; although, formerly, many journalists and tourists had come to the villages from different parts of the country on the days of the ceremonies. For tradition bearers, such practices during a pandemic are a way to relieve stress and to share problems with people with similar interests. Traditions are one of the constants of their life; maintaining them in times of crises stabilizes the community. The coronavirus pandemic has caused a powerful explosion of folk art. The texts of various genres, both oral and written (graphic), are rapidly spreading on the Internet. A large number of them are based on the traditional worldview of Belarusians and are expressed in traditional forms (alterations, ditties, anecdotes, anti-sayings, paroemias, etc.). The role of humour has grown tremendously. Jokes and laughter in the face of an external threat are a compensatory mechanism that helps to overcome fear and uncertainty, and common laughter unites and helps to learn new rules of behaviour. Humour is not concerned with the threat of getting ill, but rather individual hygiene practices, the situation of quarantine, and circumstances of the new reality. Thus, humorous folklore becomes a way to adapt to new norms and to overcome fear and instability.
2
Content available remote

Co to są “dawne słowa”?

86%
Walczak B.
Studia Językoznawcze. Synchroniczne i diachroniczne aspekty badań polszczyzny
|
2011
|
vol. 10
321-330
EN
The author points out that the term „old words” is ambiguous; as the term “old” can either refer to archaic, obsolete, whitdrawn to the lexical archive, that is archaic words or, alternatively, it can mean words which are stil very much in circulation but they represent the earliest (Proto-Indoeuropean and Proto-Slavic) chronological layer of the lexical resources of the Polish language.
3

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ОСВІТИ В ГУМАНІТАРНИХ УНІВЕРСИТЕТАХ ФРАНЦІЇ В СЕРЕДИНІ ХХ СТ.

86%
Руднєва І.
Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології
|
2014
|
issue 10(44)
193-198
EN
The article analyzes the general state of higher humanitarian education in France in the middle of the twentieth century. The problems of higher humanitarian education in France during the study period were determinated: archaic educational and administrative systems in universities, too rigid centralization model of their functioning, the lack of clear planning of the workload, the inability to take a large number of students, the lack of real democracy, the resistance to innovation and conformity. The Universities of the mid-twentieth century also faced the problem of reforming of the forms and methods of teaching, with a purpose of determination of their compliance to the requirements of neocapitalist time requirement and needs of contemporary society. Considering the number of problems in the system of university education, the contemporary French government took some steps to improve the system of humanitarian education, held active reforming of higher education in general. It was indicated that in order to improve the training of students in the university humanitarian faculties, at the faculties of literature so-called propaedeutic course has been introduced. Among the main important features, which higher humanitarian French school gained while should be named it’s democratization, the complication of the structure and the increase in its composition of importance of research units, a significant increase in funding of the education system, which had a positive impact on improving the infrastructure of universities. In 1964 – 1967 a number of reforms in higher education in the system of higher education in general and particular humanitarian were adopted. The basic principles of these reforms were the reorganization of cycles of university education and the creation of separate diplomas on various stages of study. In addition, the reforms were aimed at social and technical diversity of study, increasing the number of training programs. In 1968 was adopted the Law about the orientation of higher education, which summed the new basis for the functioning of higher education by setting some rules and specifying educational features and research process in French universities. It was established that this base was quite liberal: pedagogical, educational and financial administrative autonomy, expressed in the presence of specific rights and organizations within the university was quite broad. At the same time a serious state control over the activities of universities remained, it was necessary for the normal functioning of higher education. The Law about the orientation fixed also the need and the obligation of various activities of universities, among which: ensuring the conditions for independent learning and research, openness of teachers’ activities.
4
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Fenomenologia święta na przykładzie wybranych kultów pogańskich

51%
Krzysztoforski P.
Perspektywy Kultury
|
2023
|
vol. 45
|
issue 2
367-390
EN
The article is a proposal to present the holiday as a cultural phenomenon combined with a religious cult. It presents the phenomenology of the holiday according to Mircea Eliade as a cultural phenomenon combined with religious practice. It presents the theory of the holiday, which Roger Caillois calls the “sacred transgression” and, analogously to Eliade’s opposition between the sacred and the profane, it presents the opposition between the holiday and the everyday, which clearly shows the differences between what is sacred and what is secular. The modern structure of the holiday is, on the one hand, very different from its ancient form, but on the other hand, it seems very similar. This is proven by the fact that we look forward to it and then eagerly celebrate. However, it should be noted that due to the extensiveness of the issue, the article is an attempt to present a synthetic analysis of the Pagan religions selected for the purpose of the article. The selection of the bibliography was also aimed at popularizing the works and views of outstanding religious scholars: Mircea Eliade and Roger Caillois.
PL
Artykuł jest propozycją przedstawienia święta jako zjawiska kulturowego połączonego z kultem religijnym. Prezentuje fenomenologię święta według Mircei Eliadego jako zjawisko kulturowe zestawione z kultem religijnym. Przedstawia teorię święta, którą Roger Caillois nazywa „sacrum wykroczenia” i analogicznie do eliadowskiej opozycji sacrum – profanum pokazuje jako opozycję święto – dzień powszedni, wyraźnie ukazującą różnice między tym, co święte, a tym, co świeckie. Współczesna struktura święta jest z jednej strony bardzo różna od jego dawnej formy, z drugiej wydaje się bardzo podobna. Świadczy o tym to, że z utęsknieniem wyczekujemy, a następnie chętnie świętujemy. Należy jednak zwrócić uwagę na fakt, że ze względu na obszerność zagadnienia artykuł jest próbą syntetycznego przedstawienia analizy wybranych pod kątem artykułu kultów. Również dobór bibliografii miał na celu popularyzację twórczości i poglądów wybitnych religioznawców: Mircei Eliadego i Rogera Caillois.
5
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Nowy autorytaryzm w XXI wieku: światowe trendy oraz rosyjskie studium przypadku

44%
Glukhova A.
Wschód Europy. Studia humanistyczno-społeczne
|
2019
|
vol. 5
|
issue 1
EN
The purpose of the research was to analyze the phenomenon of the new authoritarianism in the XXIth century. New authoritarianism has a similarity with the classic authoritarian regimes of past eras, but also it has significant differences with them. The author captures the growth of authoritarian tendencies in the modern world and the resulting attempts of researchers to theoretically comprehend the phenomenon of authoritarianism, including its nature, factors favoring it, as well as the reasons for its stability and the risks of destabilization. The author cites the warnings of prominent intellectuals (R. Darendorf, s. Huntington) against underestimating the "stealing authoritarianism" as a modern form of a threat to democracy and freedom, as a restriction of the liberal order. The article identifies the factors contributing to the authoritarian trend, as well as the characteristic features of the new authoritarianism: anti-pluralism, restriction of free political activity, spreading xenophobia, etc. The Russian case study shows all the stages of new authoritarianism in the 1990s – 2000s, and its specific modern look (neocorporativism, statehood, the cultivation of traditional values and the image of the enemy represented by the West, etc.) Based on the theoretical model of the “critical moment” (Critical Yuncture), the vulnerable sides of the neo-authoritarian regime are shown, creating for it risks of destabilization.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza nowego autorytaryzmu jako fenomenu pierwszej ćwierci XXI wieku, który wykazuje pewne podobieństwa do klasycznych reżimów autorytarnych z minionych epok, ale także znacznie się od nich różni. Autor odnotowuje wzrost tendencji autorytarnych we współczesnym świecie, a co za tym idzie zwiększenie zainteresowania wśród badaczy fenomenem nowego autorytaryzmu, w tym jego natury, sprzyjających mu czynników, a także przyczyn jego stabilności i ryzyka destabilizacji. Przytacza ostrzeżenia wybitnych intelektualistów (R. Dwrendorf, s. Huntington) przed niedocenianiem „pełzającego autorytaryzmu” jako nowoczesnej formy zagrożenia dla demokracji i wolności oraz ograniczenia liberalnych porządków. Artykuł identyfikuje czynniki przyczyniające się do trendu autorytarnego, a także cechy charakterystyczne nowego autorytaryzmu – antypluralizm, ograniczenie swobodnej działalności politycznej, promocję ksenofobii itp. W artykule przedstawiono rosyjskie studium przypadku: etapy powstawania nowego autorytaryzmu w Rosji w latach 90.–2000., jego specyficzny nowoczesny wygląd (neokorporatyzm, suwerenność, kultywowanie tradycyjnych wartości i wizerunek wroga wobec Zachodu itp.). Na podstawie teoretycznego modelu „momentu krytycznego” (Critical Yuncture) wykazano wrażliwe strony reżimu neoautorytarnego, które stwarzają dla niego ryzyko destabilizacji.
RU
Целью статьи является анализ нового авторитаризма как феномена первой чет- верти XXI века, имеющего известное сходство с классическими авторитарными режимами прошлых эпох, но и существенные различия с ними. Автор фиксирует рост авторитарных тен- денций в современном мире и обусловленные этим попытки исследователей теоретически осмыслить феномен нового авторитаризма, включая его природу, благоприятствующие ему факторы, а также причины его устойчивости и риски дестабилизации. Автор приводит предо- стережения выдающихся интеллектуалов (Р.Дврендорфа, С.Хантингтона) от недооценки «кра- дущегося авторитаризм» как современной формы угрозы демократии и свободе, как ограни- чения либеральных порядков. В статье выявлены факторы, способствующие авторитарному тренду, а также характерные черты нового авторитаризма – антиплюрализм, ограничение свободной политической деятельности, поощрение ксенофобии и т.д. Представлен российский кейс-стади: этапы формирования нового авторитаризма в России в 1990-е – 2000-е годы, его специфический современный облик (неокорпоративизм, державность, культивирование тради- ционных ценностей и образа врага в лице Запада и т.д.). С опорой на теоретическую модель «критического момента» (Critical Yuncture) показаны уязвимые стороны неоавторитарного ре- жима, создающие для него риски дестабилизации.
first rewind previous Page / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.