Search results - CEJSH

1

Archeologia i świadomość historyczna

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Kmieciński J., Łódzki U.

Zeszyty Wiejskie

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2014

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vol. 19

EN

Archeology as a social science has been constantly striving since the 19th century to make material historical testimonies of all inhabited areas of the globe more available. It leads to the improvement and consolidation of systematic, chronological and chorological system and as a result to obtain a deepened insight into culture and into specific aspects of history of individual human communities. These penetrations are of diverse breadth and depth. The broadest and the deepest ones are observed in highly developed cultures, the least spectacular ones are noted in case of wandering hunting communities whose traces are only stone tools made in a hurry.

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Kilka wyjątków od reguły, czyli o „nieśredniowiecznych” początkach Andrzeja Nadolskiego

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Skóra K.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

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2013

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vol. 59

81-85

DE

Die zwei wissenschaftlichen Hauptinteressensschwerpunkte Andrzej Nadolskis waren, ohne jeden Zweifel, Archäologie des Mittelalters und des Militärwesens, und zwar in allen Aspekten: von Waffenkunde über Schlachtfelduntersuchungen bis hin zu Organisierungsfragen der militärischen Strukturen. Bevor sich aber diese Interessen kristallisierten, hatte A. Nadolski sein archäologisches Abenteuer mit älteren Epochen begonnen. Gemeint ist hier vor Allem die vorrömische und römische Kaiserzeit. Es scheint, als sei diese frühe archäologische Aktivität durch Konrad Jażdżewski inspiriert gewesen. Dieser Artikel bespricht also alle wissenschaftlichen Tätigkeitsbereiche Andrzej Nadolskis, die mit Vorgeschichte verbunden sind: Ausgrabungen, Publikationen und Didaktik.

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Christopher Loveluck, Northwest Europe in the Early Middle Ages, c. AD. 600–1150. A comparative archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2013, ss. XXIV + 472.

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Polek K.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2015

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vol. 1

341-348

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Leszek Gardeła, Scandinavian Amulets in Viking Age Poland, seria: Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis, t. XXXIII, Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów 2014, ss. 160 + 60 il. cz-b. i kolor.

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Szczepański S.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

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2015

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vol. 290

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issue 4

725-728

PL

omówienie publikacji: Leszek Gardeła, Scandinavian Amulets in Viking Age Poland, seria: Collectio Archaeologica Ressoviensis, t. XXXIII, Fundacja Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, Instytut Archeologii Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Rzeszów 2014, ss. 160 + 60 il. cz-b. i kolor.

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Udział Profesora Andrzeja Nadolskiego w badaniach cmentarzy polskich oficerów na Wschodzie

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Głosek M.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

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2013

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vol. 59

75-79

EN

The political changes in eastern Europe in 1989, allowed the Polish people to take the issue of Polish officers, who disappeared in the Soviet Union during World War II. Also the father of Professor Andrzej Nadolski, colonel Jerzy Nadolski, went missing and latest news from him came from Starobilsk. The Polish authorities have made efforts to initiate the investigation, including the exhumation in places where it was suspected, that bodies of Polish officers are hidden. The investigation was conducted by Soviet prosecutors, assisted by prosecutors and forensic doctors from Poland. Archaeologist, Professor Andrzej Nadolski was invited to research and exhumation in Starobilsk. His participation and observations were very helpful in organizing the subsequent studies of the cemeteries in Kharkov, Mednoye and Katyn.

6

Państwowe Muzeum Archeologiczne w Warszawie

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Krajewska M.

MAZOWSZE Studia Regionalne

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2010

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issue 5

73-105

PL

W 1920 roku władze Państwowego Grona Konserwatorów Zabytków Przedhistorycznych rozpoczęły starania o utworzenie Państwowego Muzeum Archeologicznego (PMA). Placówka została powołana rozporządzeniem wydanym w dniu 22 marca 1928 roku przez Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej Ignacego Mościckiego. Od jej powstania do chwili obecnej eksponowano ponad 360 wystaw, a pracownicy PMA zbadali ponad 450 stanowisk archeologicznych w Polsce, Iraku, Peru, Niemczech, Austrii i Czechach. 1 stycznia 1999 roku organem założycielskim dla PMA został Zarząd Województwa Mazowieckiego. Dyrektorem PMA jest dr Wojciech Brzeziński (od 2001 roku), a siedzibą – gmach Arsenału Warszawskiego (od 1957 roku). Muzeum, kontynuując wszystkie statutowe kierunki działań, łączy nadal funkcje instytutu naukowego oraz instytucji wystawienniczej. W zbiorach znajduje się ponad pół miliona zabytków (najstarsze pochodzą sprzed ok. 130 tys. lat p.n.e., najmłodsze z połowy XIX wieku). Opracowywanie powiększającego się wciąż zbioru należy do zadań pracowników pracowni i działów: Epoki Paleolitu i Mezolitu, Epoki Neolitu, Epoki Brązu i Wczesnej Epoki Żelaza, Epoki Żelaza, Średniowiecza i Archeologii Czasów Nowożytnych, Archeologii Bałtów oraz Gabinetu Numizmatycznego. Badaniem szczątków ludzkich znajdowanych podczas wykopalisk zajmuje się Pracownia Antropologiczna. Zbiory dokumentacji archeologicznej, wystawienniczej, spuścizny po wybitnych archeologach polskich, zasoby kartograficzne i fotograficzne są przechowywane i opracowywane w Pracowni Dokumentacji Naukowej. Ewidencjonowanie i zarządzanie informacją o zbiorach PMA prowadzi Główny Inwentaryzator oraz Pracownia Inwentaryzacji i Ruchu Muzealiów. Nad konserwacją przedmiotów z gliny, szkła, surowców organicznych i metali czuwa Dział Konserwacji Muzealiów, gdzie prowadzone są także badania rentgenograficzne, spektrograficzne i mikroskopowe. Dla celów ekspozycyjnych wytwarzane są kopie i repliki w Pracowni Kopii. Dział Wystaw i Popularyzacji prowadzi działalność wystawienniczą i edukacyjną. Biblioteka Naukowa stanowi zaplecze naukowe dla pracowników PMA, studentów i pracowników innych instytucji z kraju i zagranicy

EN

In 1920 the authorities of the National Body of Conservators of Prehistorical Relics started lobbying for the creation of a National Archeological Museum (PMA). The institution was founded on March 22nd, 1928 by way of an ordinance issued by the president of Poland, Ignacy Mościcki. On January 1st, 1999 the Mazovian Regional Government became the PMA’s founding body. Since the museum’s creation it has housed over 360 exhibitions and its employees have conducted studies at over 450 archeological sites in Poland, Iraq, Peru, Germany, Austria and the Czech Republic. The museum’s collections consist of over half a million antiques of which the oldest have over 130 thousand years and the youngest come from the middle of the 19th century.

7

Archeologia jako służba dziedzictwu archeologicznemu

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Kobyliński Z.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1998

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issue 2

96-99

EN

The author — Deputy Conservator General of Historical Monuments — writes about the protection of the archaeological heritage, described in a pertinent European convention as a “source of collective memory”. The archaeological heritage possesses a special rank among other categories of the cultural heritage. It is usually concealed from society and remains particularly sensitive to all human activity, even such routine forms as land cultivation or the construction of residential estates, while its violation and damage are irreversible. The prime task of archaeologists does not merely entail, as it is universally believed, an examination of the past by means of studying the archeological heritage, but its protection. If we become aware of the fact that the basic form of archaeological research, i. e. sites, actually incurs damage to archaeological legacy, then we face the dilemma whether to investigate or to protect (also against detrimental excavations). Each of these moral choices appears to be well justified. The International Charter for the Protection and Management of the Archaeological Heritage, prepared by ICAHM-ICOMOS, formulated the principle of restricting excavations to an indispensable minimum in cases of endangered sites and, only in exceptional circumstances, nonthreatened sites (i.a. when excavations are necessary for essential research purposes).

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KOPAĆ, JAK TO ŁATWO POWIEDZIEĆ

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Gołembnik A.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2003

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issue 3-4

95-106

EN

For years, publishing the results of archaeological studies has given rise to multiple controversies. A rapid growth of the number of examined sites and discovered monuments has long ago exceeded the intellectual productivity of researchers. Museum storerooms are brimming with piles of boxes containing invaluable monuments without any chances for publication. The only opportunity for archaeologists to quickly issue the research results is to change the organisation of investigations and the principles of conducting work, predominantly to modernise the methods of documentation. Suitably performed and skillfully illustrated work should become, immediately after its completion, material for pertinent publications. Such an attempt had been made two years ago in Gdańsk by a team from the Institute of Archaeology at Warsaw University, while examining the area of the Dominican Centre. The two volumes have become the source of enormous satisfaction among researchers dealing with the history of Gdańsk, although they were also criticised for workshop shortcomings. At the same time, the very sense of socalled rapid material publications was questioned. The purpose of the presented text is to defend the idea of rapid publication, with the initial premise being that the fundamental duty of every archaeologist completing his excavation work is to publish its outcome before he embarks upon successive research.

9

Ochrona dziedzictwa kulturowego – dylematy ponowoczesności

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Kielak D.

MAZOWSZE Studia Regionalne

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2011

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issue 7

17-20

PL

Dwuwymiarowość (materialny i niematerialny wymiar) dziedzictwa kulturowego sprawia, że ochrona tego dziedzictwa to, z jednej strony - zabezpieczanie materialne zabytków, a z drugiej - troska o zachowanie pamięci historycznej. To sprawia, że ochrona dziedzictwa staje się zależna od sposobu rozumienia historii. W postmodernistycznej świadomości globalny sens historii rozpadł się na wielość sensów cząstkowych, wspierających partykularne wizje świata i nie łączących się w żadnym poszukiwaniu spójnej całości. Działanie na rzecz ochrony dorobku kultury staje się zatem projektowaniem wrażliwości historycznej.

EN

Because of the two-dimensionality (tangible and intangible dimension) of cultural heritage, the protection of this heritage is, on the one hand - securing the substance of monuments, and - on the other hand - care for the preservation of historical memory. This makes the protection of heritage dependent on the understanding of history. In the postmodern consciousness, the global sense of history disintegrated into a multiplicity of partial meanings, supporting individual visions of the world and not joining in any search of a coherent whole. Action to protect the cultural heritage thus must become a designing of historic sensibility.

10

Rekonstrukcja w 1949 roku przez Andrzeja Nadolskiego drewniano-ziemnego wału wczesnośredniowiecznego grodu łęczyckiego

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Poklewski-Koziełł T.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

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2013

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vol. 59

67-73

EN

The first archaeological excavation at the great stronghold in Tum near Łęczyca was started in 1948 by Professor Konrad Jażdżewski together with Janina Kamińska, Andrzej Nadolski and a number of other archaeologists. In accordance with relevant research methodologies, the excavation was begun by digging through the main rampart. During the works, numerous traces of rotten timber, the remains of timber defensive structures dating back to the 8th century BC, were discovered. Antoni Klein, an engineer and resident of nearby Łęczyca, helped in documenting these archaeological finds by creating his own alternative picture documentation, in which he successfully rendered the original size of the rotten timbers and reconstructed the woodwork joints. Andrzej Nadolski used this documentation to make a series of reconstruction drawings of the entire rampart structure. The timbers from the lowest section of the rampart, which had survived in the wet ground and retained their natural size, served as a reference point for him. Under the direction of Andrzej Nadolski, Antoni Klein’s son, Andrzej Klein, prepared the technical as well as lifelike reconstruction drawings of the rampart. Professor Konrad Jażdżewski made every effort to supply the newly created archaeological centre of Łódź with high quality exploratory equipment and measuring instruments. The archaeological excavations conducted at Tum stronghold in the years 1948-1955 were considered as exemplary Polish excavations in respect of modernity and precision of documentation. In his reconstruction of the stronghold fortifications, Andrzej Nadolski made the best use of these methodological as well as technical opportunities and his reconstruction of the early medieval stronghold defensive structures in question, prepared with the help of very talented Antoni and Andrzej Klein, remains a model work

11

Miranda Aldhouse-Green, Bog Bodies Uncovered: Solving Europe’s Ancient Mystery, Londyn 2015

80%

Okoński M.

Res Gestae. Czasopismo Historyczne

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2016

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vol. 3

314-321

12

"Katalog archeologicznych zbiorów pozamuzealnych" : Zeszyty 1-7 : 1988-1995 : Wyd. Ośrodek Dokumentacji Zabytków w Warszawie

80%

Gromnicki J.

Ochrona Zabytków

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1997

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issue 2

182

13

Andrzej Nadolski et les débuts de l’archéologie médiévale en France. Notes et souvenirs

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Poisson J. M.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

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2013

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vol. 59

63-66

14

Wczesnośredniowieczna broń obuchowa z terenu Polski w dorobku Andrzeja Nadolskiego z perspektywy kolejnych lat badań

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Kotowicz P., Michalak A.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

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2013

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vol. 59

47-62

EN

Andrzej Nadolski is regarded as one of the most distinguished arms and armor specialist in Europe. Studies over Polish weaponry taken just after World War II provided in 1954 a first in our continent monograph in this subject. Much contribution in this work was done in the field of knowing early medieval blunt weapon – hammer axes, battle axes and maces. Studies of early medieval arms and armor, taken by A. Nadolski, were a huge challenge, also because he included sparse information from the written, iconographic as well ethnological and linguistic sources. The main contribution of this research was however typo-chronological classification of collection of 172 hammer- and battle axes from the territory of Piast state. This system, used by Author in all of his further works, was widely accepted by many Polish archeologists, and is being employed, sometimes uncritically, until today. Due to the fact that the total number of known artefacts increase a lot (Fig. 1), and this classification cannot be developed, it seems that it is not possible to use this typology to all known materials from the territory of Poland. In the consequence of only 5 known artefacts, Author did not propose any classification for maces. From that time, known number of this kind of objects increased almost 10 times (Fig. 2), but most of them are chance finds, without any proper archeological context. Besides typo-chronological aspects, Author discussed also many other problems concerning this kind of weapon, including the presence of small holes in the axe and hammer-axe heads, their decoration, length of the shafts, distribution of particular forms. Nadolski demystify also claims of German researchers, who treated many forms of axes as so-called „Viking”, but having in fact their roots in the territory of Central Europe, and could have been produced by local blacksmiths, what was proven by metallographic examinations. Last years caused increase of interest also in the field of mace manufacturing, especially in technological context. This survey showed enormous meaning of Nadolski’s monograph for Polish arms and armour studies, and some ideas were developed also in further papers – eg. in the article concerned of symbolic destination of clubs. However, state of research caused that many aspects of blunt weapon was, for scholar from Łódź, unavailable. In case of all categories of blunt weapon a major step forward was made recently, thanks to the increase of number of known artefacts, as well as development of research in the neighboring countries. During the archaeological excavations conducted in the last 60-years, large collections of this kind of weapon were obtained, sometimes, like in the case of water finds, preserved in whole. This fact encouraged scholars for detailed specialist analysis. Due to discovering of wooden and leather cases, as well as relicts of textiles on the axe heads, some studies concerning the problem of preserving blunt weapon have been also recently taken. From today point of view crucial issue, caused by analogy of forms of some of the specimens regarded as heads of war flails and maces, is appropriate identification of artefacts. Increase of data caused also that it was possible to specify some aspects or make new hypothesis about origin and chronology of some of types of hammer axes, battle axes and maces, as well as decoration and symbolic meaning of these artefacts. It was also noted that maces were used not only in a hand to hand combat, but also as a throwing weapon. The only category of early medieval blunt weapon which was not included in any of A. Nadolski’s works, are war flails (kistens). Significant progress in case of these artefacts was made just at the beginning of 21st c. (Fig. 3). As most of the war flails were discovered in south-eastern territories of Poland, they were regarded as a result of contact with Rus mielieu, where they were most popular in the 12th-13th c. Specimens from the Piast’s state were found in important centers of ducal power and there are no proves whether they came there thanks to a trade or presence of duke’s mercenaries. The presented above review of early medieval blunt weapon clearly shows A. Nadolski’s significant contribution in specify of many of its problems. The monograph of early Polish weaponry, published in 1954, was a breakthrough work, which became, for many years, a „manual” for archeologists interested in arms and armour in Poland. However, the enlargement of number of known artefacts and increase of our knowledge about early medieval weaponry, caused that indiscriminate use of conclusions from this book is luckily impossible today. After almost 60 years since the „Studies...” was published, it is probably time for another attempt to recapitulate our knowledge in this subject.

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Profesora Władysława Łosińskiego wkład w polską archeologię wczesnego średniowiecza, czyli przyczynek do szkicu o pokoleniu archeologów okresu badań „Milenijnych”

80%

Kara M., Michałowski A., Rębkowski M.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2018

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issue 59

9-19

PL

Profesora Władysława Łosińskiego wkład w polską archeologię wczesnego średniowiecza, czyli przyczynek do szkicu o pokoleniu archeologów okresu badań „Milenijnych”

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Henryk Klunder (1957-2018)

80%

Pawlak P.

Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim

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2018

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issue 59

313-316

17

Czy uroczysko nad jeziorem Kielarskim skrywa relikty zamku Berting?

80%

Klimek R.

Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie

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2015

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vol. 290

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issue 4

649-655

18

„Bądź pozdrowion Krzyżu Pana Wszechmocnego”. Kafel z badań archeologicznych przy ul. Za Bramką w Poznaniu

70%

Zisopulu-Bleja K.

Ecclesia. Studia z Dziejów Wielkopolski

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2017

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issue 12

7-26

EN

The subject of the article is a tile with the representation of the Crucifixion Group discovered during archaeological research in the municipal moat at Za Bramką Street in Poznan. Tiles were a product of pottery craft, while their ornamentation was subject to the variability associated with the current prevailing trends and decorative styles. This monument is dated to the beginning of the sixteenth century, its decoration was made based on Gothic graphic patterns and symbolism characteristic of the passion art of this period. The place where the tile was found may indicate the founder of the stove derived from the circle of clerics who lived in the immediate vicinity of the collegiate church of St. Mary Magdalene.

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest kafel z przedstawieniem Grupy Ukrzyżowania odkryty podczas badań archeologicznych w fosie miejskiej przy ul. Za Bramką w Poznaniu. Kafle były wytworem rzemiosła garncarskiego, natomiast ich ornamentyka podlegała zmienności związanej z aktualnie panującymi trendami i stylami zdobniczymi. Omawiany zabytek datowany jest na początek XVI wieku, jego dekoracja wykonana została w oparciu o gotyckie wzory graficzne i symbolikę charakterystyczną dla sztuki pasyjnej tego okresu. Miejsce znalezienia kafla może wskazywać na fundatora pieca wywodzącego się z kręgu osób duchownych zamieszkujących w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie kolegiaty św. Marii Magdaleny.

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Szanowni Państwo!

70%

Florjanowicz P.

Ochrona Zabytków

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2009

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issue 3

3-4

EN

Dear Readers, The issue o f “Ochrona Zabytków " that we are currently putting; into your hands constitutes the first step in the direction of major changes in our magazine, which is addressed to the Polish conservation professionals. Phis issue is a so-called transitory stage. A comprehensive article written by Zbigniew Kobyliński regarding scientific, conservation and ethical bases o f the philosophy o f protecting archaeological heritage, richly illustrated by examples from all over the world and supported by numerous legal arguments portrays the modern approach to archaeology; based on preventive conservation which relies on preservation o f authentic historical structure. Phis interpretation complies with the principles determined in the mission o f the National Heritage Hoard o f Poland which stipulates that the N1 IP is a national institution o f culture that creates bases for sustainable protection oj heritage - it collects and popularises knowledge about monuments, determines standards o f their protection and conservation a n d shapes social awareness for the purpose of preserving Poland 's cultural heritage f or future generations . The text referred to above and the very competent article on combating crime against archaeological monuments also constitute signals that archaeology is going to be a constant issue o f interest in our magazine. Issues rela ted to protection o f archaeological monuments, most numerous, most endangered and least recognized, require special support. The scope o f issues related to the heritage o f the past, and therefore subjects that we are trying to bring closer to you, is, obviously, very extensive. Starting from presentation o f painting masterpieces, such as the works o f Rembrandt from the collection of the Royal Castle in Warsaw - whose complex conservation process was discussed in chapter "Realisations " - to showing monuments that testify to perception o f art in rural areas, for example paintings in the late-Baroque church in Krosno (Warmia region). Two highly recommended texts that we would like to encourage you to read were written or co-written by the employees of our institution. Phis is another important change - we will use our best effort to make "Ochrona Zabytków ' a place where concepts and achievements resulting from conservation programmes currently implemented by our institution are presented. At the same time, we have the pleasure o f informing you that as o f January I, 2011 our institution will be transformed into the National Heritage Institute with an increased scope o f competences, pursuant to a decision o f the Minister o f Culture and National / leritage. The range o f our activities will be increased even more; "Ochrona Zabytków will also continue to develop and - hopefully - the circle o f its readers will keep growing. I invite you to read our periodical! Paulina Florjanowicz Director a. i. of the National Heritage Hoard of Poland

20

Andrzej Nadolski i badania pól bitewnych

70%

Strzyż P.

Acta Archaeologica Lodziensia

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2013

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vol. 59

31-38

EN

Professor Andrzej Nadolski zeichnete sich durch ein breites wissenschaftliches Interesse aus, das u.a. auch die Geschichte des polnischen Militärwesens und den Verlauf von Schlachten und Kriegen umfasste. Die ersten archäologischen Untersuchungen eines Schlachtfeldes wurden in den 70er Jahren des 20. Jhs bei Raszyn durchgeführt. Dort hatten sich am 19. April 1809 die Armeen des Herzogtums Warschau und Österreichs geschlagen. Leider wurden bei den Ausgrabungen nur Soldatengräber aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg entdeckt. In den 70er Jahren des 20. Jhs führte das Team von Prof. A. Nadolski weitere Feldstudien im Umfeld der Schlachten bei Lubiszewo (1577) und Rokitki in Pommern (1627) durch. In den Forschungsjahren 1976, 1977 und 1979 wurde in Lubiszewo u. a. eine Bestattung von neun Männern entdeckt, die Spuren von Verletzungen an den Knochen trugen. Diese Pionierleistung von A. Nadolski und seinen Mitarbeitern erlaubte es, die Methodik zur Forschung über Schlachtfelder zu entwickeln, mit deren Hilfe sie in den 80er Jahren des 20. Jhs das Schlachtfeld bei Grunwald/Tannenberg erforschten.

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