Search results - CEJSH

1

Logic, Reasoning, Argumentation: Insights from the Wild

100%

Zenker F.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

|

2018

|

vol. 27

|

issue 4 Special Issue on Logic, Cognition, Argumentation. Guest Editors: Mariusz Urbański, Michiel van Lambalgen and Marcin Koszowy

421-451

EN

This article provides a brief selective overview and discussion of recent research into natural language argumentation that may inform the study of human reasoning on the assumption that an episode of argumentation issues an invitation to accept a corresponding inference. As this research shows, arguers typically seek to establish new consequences based on prior information. And they typically do so vis-à-vis a real or an imagined opponent, or an opponent-position, in ways that remain sensitive to considerations of context, audiences, and goals. Deductively valid inferences remain a limiting case of such reasoning. In view of these insights, it may appear less surprising that allegedly “irrational” behavior can regularly be produced in experimental settings that expose subjects to standardized reasoning tasks.

2

Topika inwencyjna, czyli tworzywo tematyczne i warstwa argumentacyjna wybranych pism polemicznych Piotra Skargi

100%

Jara D., Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny K.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica

|

2013

|

vol. 21

|

issue 3

EN

The author of this article made an attempt to analyze the thematic material, as well as argumentative techniques in selected polemical papers by Piotr Skarga. She studied both the external, non-artistic evidence (e.g. the Bible, works of Church Fathers, Vatican Council Decrees) and the internal, artistic ones (i.e. enthymemes, topics, exempla). She demonstrated that the Holy Bible was for the preacher Sigismund III Vasa the greatest authority used for the reinforcement of his own argumentation. It was proved that apart from using factual evidence, Skarga would enrich his works with emotional content. For this purpose, he used mostly amplification, which for the Jesuit was at the same time one of the main tools of persuasion.

3

Istota perswazji w ujęciu gramatyki komunikacyjnej. Rozważania teoretyczne

100%

Żardecka A.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

|

2018

|

issue 2(23)

163-171

EN

The article includes comprehending persuasion on land of the communications grammar textbook, as well as important aspects associated with her, among others i.e. argumentation as coaxing important means or also system means of persuasion. Explaining the notion to persuasion to which already and this way the meaning publication number was devoted on land of different fields of study is a point of departure. An interest in comprehending persuasion results from her huge complexity and still of endless resources of her centres which constitute the subject of the research for many linguists. The article is a specific attempt to describe it, what more essential for persuasion, but on the plain of the communications grammar textbook.

4

An Introduction to the Special Issue on Logic, Cognition and Argumentation

100%

Urbański M., van Lambalgen M., Koszowy M.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

|

2018

|

vol. 27

|

issue 4 Special Issue on Logic, Cognition, Argumentation. Guest Editors: Mariusz Urbański, Michiel van Lambalgen and Marcin Koszowy

417-419

EN

In recent years we have witnessed a cognitive or ‘practical’ turn in logic [Gabbay and Woods, 2005; Urbański, 2011]. The most fundamental claim of its proponents is that logic has much to say about actual reasoning and argumentation. This cognitively-orientated logic. It acquires a new task of “systematically keeping track of changing representations of information” [van Benthem, 2008, p. 73], and, due to all the achievements of the mathematisation of logic, is fully up to this task. It also contests the claim that distinction between a descriptive and a normative account of the analysis of reasoning is disjoint and exhaustive [Gabbay and Woods, 2003, p. 37].

5

Therapeutic advice: a rhetorical-argumentative perspective on doctor-patient communication

100%

Gambarelli G.

Res Rhetorica

|

2017

|

vol. 4

|

issue 1

47-58

EN

The purpose of this work is to analyze the persuasion which characterizes therapeutic advice and its collaborative goal. It is observed that this type of advice seems to be more effective when it is not limited to a mere scientific demonstration, but it considers also all the interlocutor’s subjective aspects. The study is supported by examples from a little corpus of transcribed real doctor-patient dialogues, collected and analyzed in a previous research work of the author. The research examines the principal arguments, argumentative figures and silences.

6

Wir haben uns für einen anderen Kandidaten entschieden. – Zu den Argumentationsmustern in den deutschen Absageschreiben auf Bewerbungen

100%

Szczęk J.

Studia Germanica Posnaniensia

|

2018

|

issue 39

167-179

EN

The subject of this analysis are German job application refusal letters, in which a number of structural elements can be distinguished. One of them is argumentation or justification. This text studies logical argumentation strategies and its objective is to create a typology of justifications in job application refusal letters.

7

The nature and development of argumentative skills in children: Current research

100%

Rytel J.

Res Rhetorica

|

2014

|

vol. 1

|

issue 1

15-26

8

Five Theories of Reasoning:

100%

Pease A., Aberdein A.

Logic and Logical Philosophy

|

2011

|

vol. 20

|

issue 1-2

7-57

EN

The last century has seen many disciplines place a greater prior- ity on understanding how people reason in a particular domain, and several illuminating theories of informal logic and argumentation have been devel- oped. Perhaps owing to their diverse backgrounds, there are several con- nections and overlapping ideas between the theories, which appear to have been overlooked. We focus on Peirce’s development of abductive reasoning [39], Toulmin’s argumentation layout [52], Lakatos’s theory of reasoning in mathematics [23], Pollock’s notions of counterexample [44], and argumen- tation schemes constructed by Walton et al. [54], and explore some connec- tions between, as well as within, the theories. For instance, we investigate Peirce’s abduction to deal with surprising situations in mathematics, rep- resent Pollock’s examples in terms of Toulmin’s layout, discuss connections between Toulmin’s layout and Walton’s argumentation schemes, and sug- gest new argumentation schemes to cover the sort of reasoning that Lakatos describes, in which arguments may be accepted as faulty, but revised, rather than being accepted or rejected. We also consider how such theories may apply to reasoning in mathematics: in particular, we aim to build on ideas such as Dove’s [13], which help to show ways in which the work of Lakatos fits into the informal reasoning community.

9

Odwołania do prawa naturalnego w wystąpieniach posłów na posiedzeniach Sejmu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

100%

Maroń G.

Przegląd Sejmowy

|

2022

|

issue 5(172)

149–173

EN

The article presents the results of a mainly qualitative study of the speeches of deputies at the sittings of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland between 1997 and 2021 in terms of MPs’ references to natural law. On the basis of the Sejm transcripts, the deputies’ understanding of natural law and their perception of the relationship between this law and the statutory law were determined; examples of legal norms and rights that were assigned the natural law status were indicated, as well as the argumentative role of references to natural law in the parliamentary debate was presented. While approving the use of jusnaturalist argumentation in parliamentary discourse, the author also raised some reservations as to the practice of using this conceptual category by deputies. He also listed possible reasons for the gradual decrease in the number of cases of invoking natural law in the speeches of deputies at the sittings of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland in subsequent terms.

10

Zum Gebrauch der Modalverbform sollte im fachinternen medizinischen Diskurs

100%

Rolek B.

Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft

|

2019

|

issue 8

167-188

EN

Modal verbs are characterised by functional flexibility. They are language phenomena that have been in the centre of linguistic attention for years. Yet research on the use of modal verbs in specialised discourse is scarce. The present paper provides the results of the analysis which was devoted to the use of the forms sollte in medical specialised discourse.

11

Użyteczność metod logiki nieformalnej w badaniu argumentów w dyskusjach między teistami a ateistami

89%

Trombik K.

Semina Scientiarum

|

2017

|

vol. 16

EN

This paper argues that methods used in informal logic (sometimes called CriticalThinking) could be helpful in examining the arguments in discussionsbetween theists and atheists. Application of the techniques of informal logiccould reveal the substantive value of many commonly shared views about theism(and theists) and atheism (and atheists). The utility of applying informallogic methods has illustrated by several examples.

12

Les facteurs prosodiques dans le discours antisémite français et polonais. Sont-ils de simples expressions d’émotions ou constituent-ils de vrais arguments ?

89%

Pirogowska E.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Romanica

|

2023

|

vol. 18

55-66

EN

The article presents, in a synthetic way, some observations of the author on the functioning of the prosodic elements in the discourse on Jewish issues which, very often, degenerates into anti-Semitic discourse. The corpus consists of discursive contributions drawn from authentic Internet interactions, focusing on Dieudonné’s activities in France from 2009 and on Rafal Betlejewski’s performances in Poland from 2007. Since this speech is carried out in the written interactive register, it is a graphic imitation of prosody. Examples of the equivalents of marked pronunciation, accent on the topic of the utterance, and puns residing on homonymy are analysed. The author argues that such imitations, apart from the expression of emotions, also lead to argumentative effects. The article provides a synthetic overview of these observations, highlighting the role of prosodic elements in shaping discourse on Jewish issues.

FR

L’article présente, de façon synthétisante, quelques observations de l’auteure quant au fonctionnement des éléments prosodiques dans le discours portant sur des questions juives qui, très souvent, dégénère en discours antisémite. Le corpus est constitué d’apports discursifs puisés dans des interactions internet authentiques, focalisées sur les activités de Dieudonné M’bala M’bala en France à partir de 2009 et sur les performances de Rafal Betlejewski en Pologne à partir de 2007. Puisque ce discours se réalise dans le registre interactif écrit, il s’agit des imitations graphiques de la prosodie. On analyse des exemples des équivalents de la prononciation marquée, de l’accent sur le topic de l’énoncé, des jeux de mots résidant sur l’homonymie. L’auteure soutient que de telles imitations, outre l’expression des émotions, entrainent aussi des effets argumentatifs.

13

Confrontational Argumentative Strategies in the Discourse of Foreign Policy Experts

88%

Allani S.

Research in Language

|

2019

|

vol. 17

|

issue 1

39-55

EN

The aim of this study is to explore the discursive practices of foreign policy experts. While policy decisions involving war and peace keep people alarmed all over the globe, most of these decisions are shaped by policy experts who work on influencing public opinion through the media (Manheim, 2011). This study adopts a critical discursive stance and uses argumentation analysis to examine the ideological backdrop to the discourse of thirty opinion articles authored by American foreign policy experts in print media. Drawing on the Pragma-dialectical method of augmentation analysis (van Eemeren and Grootendorst, 2004), and more particularly on its notion of strategic maneuvering, the analysis examines the confrontational strategies used by this group of experts and attempts to determine the rhetorical goals pursued by these strategic maneuvers.

14

Argumentum ad Hominem. Argumentation Strategies of Conspiracy Theories Advocates in Slovak Internet Discussions

88%

Bahna V.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

|

2017

|

vol. 27

|

issue 4

298 - 306

EN

The article tries to analyse argumentation strategies of conspiracy theories advocates in Slovak Internet discussions. The goal is to comprehend the causes of persuasiveness and successful cultural transmission of conspiracy theories. The article is based on the presumption that arguments used by contributors in the discussion, are an image of what they consider to be persuasive, and for this reason, they reflect - to a certain extent - the successful cultural transmission. The results show that the pro-conspiracy argumentation in the discussions systematically repeats the “argument ad hominem”, which - instead of attacking the essence and content of arguments in official stories - attacked the sources of information or persons that supported them in a given discussion. The attacks accused them of intentional deception and participation in the conspiracy. Referring to cognitive-psychological literature, the author comes to a conclusion that this phenomenon can be explained by people´s natural tendency to prefer explanations that offer other people´s intentions as a cause of an event. Figuratively speaking, the conspiracy theories “sponge” on the natural property of human thinking to occupy oneself with intentions of other people.

15

Collaborative Relationships Among Couples: Frames of Interaction During Everyday Household Activities

88%

Arcidiacono F.

Psychology of Language and Communication

|

2016

|

vol. 20

|

issue 1

23-47

EN

The analysis of collaborative exchanges of couples during their household activities is at the core of this paper. Although the management of responsibilities around household tasks is a potential source of contention within the decision-making process about home activities, another complementary perspective considers practices of communication during household activities as ways to build or reinforce the family educational processes. Our goal is to capture these daily interactions as indicators of collaborative relationships among couples, exemplifying how communicative exchanges contribute to the creation of frames for family participation in routines. In the first part of the paper, a review of issues regarding the division of labor within the family setting will be introduced in order to examine how these aspects relate to the ongoing negotiation of responsibilities and expectations between women and men. Thereafter, the methodological design of the study will be presented, as well as the qualitative analysis of data based on the argumentative topic model. A discussion of participants’ responsibilities in household tasks will be presented as indicators of their collaborative relationships during everyday activities. Lastly, implications for family studies will be highlighted in order to illustrate how family members ascribe meanings during routines.

16

Come parlare della Chiesa? Gli argomenti quasi-logici

88%

Pietrzykowski M.

Studia Elbląskie

|

2015

|

vol. 16

325-334

EN

Basically, all the argumentative techniques worked out on the rhetorical ground can be used in the communication for the Church. Their usefulness depends on the character of the issues which are considered and the type of the recipients to whom the Church turns to. Quasi-logical arguments order the utterances of the Church paying attention to their coherence, understandability and adequacy. Making use of the definitions particularly generallyrecognized is an expression of honesty and good will of the speaker. A proper application of the rules of justice, mutuality and transitivity allow to strengthen credibility, and relevance and appropriateness of comparisons tell of a format of the speaker. This type of argumentation is essential for the Church which is supposed to convey the objective truth. Its mission is not only to own the truth and defend it but also make it comprehensible for everybody bearing in mind the fact that it is transcendental and endless.

17

Ad hominem and false analogy abuses in a Romanian intellectual debate

88%

Pănoiu V.-M.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

|

2022

|

vol. 12

|

issue 1

59-74

EN

A pragma-dialectical inside view of a Romanian intellectual debate is meant to unveil strategic maneuvering and fallacies, in a public sphere said to be dominated by “status groups”, “backstage maneuvers” and “conspiracy”. A book written by a Romanian author sparked off an area of disagreement leading to ad hominem attacks and false analogies ranging from postcommunist issues to political correctness.

18

Morality-related and revolution-related arguments in Facebook discussions concerning veganism

88%

Spassini G.

Res Rhetorica

|

2017

|

vol. 4

|

issue 1

73-86

EN

The paper claims that in the online discussions on Facebook concerning veganism – a brand new social food habit in Western societies – one can observe the mixture of traditional moral and revolutionary arguments. The presence of almost-religious extremism impacts a veganism-related verbal and visual argumentation, and even violence against the vegans. From the technical point of view, in the discussions concerning the veganism the probability argument, the argument of going-beyond and the ad sacrificium argument prevail.

19

Convincing and persuading: The rhetoric of maternity on social networks

88%

Passaro E.

Res Rhetorica

|

2017

|

vol. 4

|

issue 1

59-72

EN

This essay analyzes the argumentative basis of the maternity debate on the main social network sites, in relation to the debate on the draft of Cirinnà bill on gay and lesbian civil partnerships in the Italian Parliament, to evaluate its congruence. The study of suasion (Eco, 1986), defi ned as a technique of covert persuasion, i.e., concealed and hidden (Mortara Garavelli, 2001), in relation to new media, represents “a new area of rhetoric, which deals almost exclusively with words and the act of writing in largely predetermined contexts” (Marazzini, 2001).

20

Topoi inCritical Discourse Analysis

88%

Žagar I.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

|

2010

|

vol. 6

|

issue 1

3-27

EN

Topos (topoi in plural) is one of the most widely-used concepts from classical argumentation theory (dating back to Aristotle and Cicero). It found its way not only in philosophy, sociology, anthropology, and linguistics; it found its way in everyday life and everyday conversation as well.In this article, I will examine the role that topoi play in Critical Discourse Analysis. Starting with definitions from Aristotle and Cicero, contrasting them with new conceptualisations by Perelman and Toulmin, and examining the superficial use of topoi in everyday conversation, I will try to show that Critical Discourse Analysis (especially Ruth Wodak's Discourse-Historical Approach) relies mostly on simplified, unreflected use of topoi as found in everyday use, thus neglecting much more productive, theoretical elaborations of the concept.

Refine search results