Search results

1

The Formation of the Definite Article in the Nordic Languages

100%

Skrzypek D.

Lingua Posnaniensis

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2009

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vol. 51

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issue 1

65-76

EN

The definite article in Modern Nordic languages is a suffix, etymologically related to a demonstrative. The form is not attested in the oldest linguistic sources, the runic inscriptions, but appears first in Icelandic sagas and Swedish and Danish legal codices from 13th century onwards. In these texts it does not appear with the same regularity as in modern languages.Despite numerous attempts to reconstruct the formation of the definite article in the Nordic languages, a number of questions remain either controversial or unanswered. The contention issues are the exact etymology of the article and the date of its formation.The demonstrative from which the article grammaticalizes appears in Old Icelandic in two forms: inn or hinn, in Old Swedish as hinn only. However, only inn appears as a clitic. It is argued here that the etymology of inn and hinn may provide an argument in favour of an early formation of the article.

2

Членуването на имената в българския език във функционална перспектива (идеи за преподаването му на чуждестранни студенти българисти)

80%

Савова Д.

Slavica Lodziensia

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2018

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vol. 2

197-203

SR

-

EN

The paper discusses the practical dimensions of one of the most important and most complex questions in teaching the Bulgarian language to foreigners, which is the article. The author offers a model for teaching the article that includes ten major cases of its usage and is based on personal experience as a Bulgarian language lecturer. The paper’s aim is to suggest new ideas in teaching Bulgarian to foreigners.

3

The Research Activity of Rev. Prof. Remigiusz Sobański in the Field of Substantive Canon Law

71%

Góralski W.

Philosophy and Canon Law

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2022

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vol. 8

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issue 2

1-20

FR

Remigiusz Sobański (1930–2010), longtemps professeur à la faculté de droit canonique de l’Académie de Théologie Catholique de Varsovie, puis à l’université Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński de Varsovie ; bien que ses recherches aient porté principalement sur la théorie du droit canonique, il a également publié plusieurs dizaines d’ouvrages sur le droit canonique du mariage. Ces travaux couvrent quatre domaines de recherche principaux : le droit du mariage – principes généraux, le consentement au mariage, la forme du mariage, les mariages mixtes. En outre, en tant que vicaire judiciaire, il a publié des dizaines de jugements dans des affaires de nullitatis matrimonii, qu’il avait rédigés.

EN

Remigiusz Sobański (1930–2010), a long-time professor at the Faculty of Canon Law of the Academy of Catholic Theology in Warsaw, and then at Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw. Although his research focused mainly on the theory of canon law, he also published several dozen works in the field of canonical matrimonial law. These works cover four main research areas: marriage law (general rules), marriage consent, form of marriage, mixed marriages. Moreover, as a judicial vicar, he prepared and published several dozen sentences in the cases of nullitatis matrimonii.

4

Un exemple des limites du calque latin dans la description du nom : la théorie des cas au XVIIIe siècle

71%

Dagnet S.

e-Scripta Romanica

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2017

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vol. 4

27-42

EN

When describing the different components of French speech, the grammarians of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries resorted, like their predecessors, to Latin, viewed then as a model of excellence. More specifically, as far as the noun is concerned, their emulation led them to declare that its occurrence varies in gender, number, and case, just as with its ancient counterpart. Far from constituting an obstacle, the difficulty surrounding the lack of case morphemes in the French substantive is circumvented: in French, the declension of the noun is more properly that of the article, an anteposed occurrence that both clarifies the reference implied by the noun element and varies according to the grammatical function occupied by the noun group. Thus the occurrence la femme (subject or direct object) corresponds to the nominative and the accusative, while the occurrence à la femme (indirect object) would equate to a dative. This theory, already endangered in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, was very widely challenged in the eighteenth century. The controversy did nothing to discourage Régnier-Desmarais (1706) and Vallart (1744), who defend the theory of case variation and establish declension paradigms that they clarify and justify at length (first part). Their well-supported arguments clash with reports by Girard (1744) and Du Marsais (1769), who perceive the Latin calque as a syntactic misinterpretation and a misunderstanding of the characteristics of the article, at the time a poorly-regarded class of words (second part). Beauzée (1767) reconciles the two trends, claiming that even if the noun does not undergo declension, French remains a case language as far as the pronoun is concerned. Thereby restoring the legitimacy of the case while limiting it to a precise type of word, he more generally questions the role of this grammatical category (third part).

FR

Au moment de décrire les parties d’oraison du français, les grammairiens des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles se tournent, comme leurs prédécesseurs, vers le latin, perçu comme un modèle d’excellence. Plus spécifiquement en ce qui concerne le nom, cette imitation les conduit à décréter que cette occurrence varie comme son homologue antique en genre, en nombre et en cas. La difficulté liée à l’absence de morphème casuel du substantif français, loin de constituer un frein, est contournée : en français la déclinaison du nom serait surtout celle de l’article, occurrence antéposée qui tout en précisant la référence opérée par l’élément nominal, varie au gré de la fonction grammaticale occupée par le groupe nominal. Ainsi, l’occurrence la femme (sujet ou complément d’objet) correspondrait au nominatif et à l’accusatif, tandis que l’occurrence à la femme (complément d’attribution) équivaudrait à un datif. Cette théorie, déjà en péril aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, est très largement remise en cause au XVIIIe siècle. La controverse ne décourage pas Régnier-Desmarais (1706) et Vallart (1744), qui défendent la thèse d’une variation en cas et établissent des paradigmes de déclinaisons, longuement explicités et justifiés (première partie). Leurs argumentations étayées se heurtent aux exposés de Girard (1744) et de Du Marsais (1769), qui perçoivent le calque du latin comme un contresens syntaxique et une méconnaissance des caractéristiques de l’article, classe de mots en mal de statut (deuxième partie). Beauzée (1767) réconcilie les deux tendances en affirmant que si le nom ne possède pas de déclinaison, le français reste une langue casuelle en ce qui concerne le pronom. Rétablissant ainsi la légitimité du cas tout en le limitant à un type de mots précis, il s’interroge plus globalement sur le rôle de cette catégorie grammaticale (troisième partie).

5

From Burgers to Tenure: Preserving Quality Amid the Choices and Dilemmas Facing Authors of Scientific Articles

70%

Neusar A.

Human Affairs

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2015

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vol. 25

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issue 3

327-341

EN

Writing an article isn’t a straightforward process. It involves difficult decisions, dilemmas and even politics, and these have a substantial effect on article quality and impact. This is even more true now than used to be the case due to the massification of science and pressure to publish. The author explores six common dilemmas and offers guidance on how to deal with them: a) why we should (not) write at all; b) which language to choose-English, the national language or another suitable language; c) how to credit resources in times of resource abundance; d) how to deal with authorship disputes; e) whether to write clearly and concisely or to represent the “messy reality” as closely as possible; and f) which journal to choose.

6

What the adnominal intensifier "sam" and Left Branch Extractions tell us about the structure of Polish nominal projections

70%

Miechowicz-Mathiasen K.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2013

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vol. 49

205-260

EN

In this paper, I reconsider the nature of sam (a Polish counterpart to Russian and Serbo-Croatian sam, German selbst, Italian solo, Danish selv), a lexical item generally assumed to be adjectival. First, I focus on its use as an adnominal intensifier and argue that in this function it should be considered pronominal. Since intensifying sam has a history of appearing in analyses propagating the DP Hypothesis, my proposal sheds some light on these issues and leads to bigger questions concerning the structure of Polish nominals, in particular whether they project DP or not. Answers to these questions constitute the second part of the paper, where I argue that D equals Person (hence DP/PersonP) and that it is universally present in Polish nominals. I draw on the evidence from Left Branch Extractions and adjunct extractions and show that, while such extractions are quite freely available in Polish, they are nevertheless blocked whenever in the presence of overt D/Person heads, just like in languages with articles, projecting DP. I further show that the difference between Polish and English with respect to adjectival LBE reduces to the employment of distinct case-checking strategies and agreement options.

7

Grammatikalisierung als Glied in der Kette der Sprachwandelprozesse anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen aus der ostdeutschen „Apostelgeschichte“ aus dem 14. Jahrhundert

70%

Owsiński P. A.

Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft

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2020

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issue 9

133-152

EN

The article hereunder presents the language analysis of the “Acts of the Apostles” from 14th century published by Walther Ziesemer in 1927. The text of an unknown scribe was written in Early New High German in the Silesian dialect. The aim of the paper is to analyze the grammaticalization’s grade of chosen morphological and syntactic language features. In the investigation there is scrutinized the using of the mandatory subject pronouns and of the articles, which can be seen as a result of the weakening of vowel articulation and the subsequent development of the vowels in the unstressed syllables. The third part of the paper concerns the forming of the German future tense (Futur I) and its absolute presence in the analyzed text from the middle of the 14th century without other forms with the modal or motion verbs. The author introduces the results of his analysis showing the stage of the development of the chosen morphological and syntactic phenomena with the appropriate examples.

8

¿Es el artículo una unidad pragmática? Acerca de la teoría de la definitud y la referencia

70%

Pawlik J.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2021

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vol. 48

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issue 2

131-141

EN

In this paper I intend to review some theories of the article, paying attention to the relations they establish between reference and +/–definiteness of a noun phrase (NP). The prototypes of +/–definiteness in Spanish are the definite and indefinite articles and NPs determined by them. Nevertheless, the actual reference of a NP depends mostly on its use (a speech act) and varies according to its pragmatic context. Reference and definiteness are mutually related concepts accompanied by pragmatic and semantic implications. I wish to make a critical overview of some proposals in this field of research.

9

L'article comme exposant de l'aspect ? La valeur aspectuelle du SN et la valeur aspectuelle d'une collocation verbo-nominale

61%

Muryn T.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2015

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vol. 42

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issue 1

49-62

EN

The definition of aspect as a semantic category enables aspectual analysis of the NP to be carried out. Noun phrases are viewed as aspectually equivalent to VPs. In both cases, the analyses are likely to be conducted along the same set of principles of aspectual decomposition. The point is to ascertain whether and how the category of aspect may contribute to the contrastive description of articles between a language with no articles and an article-language.

FR

The definition of aspect as a semantic category enables aspectual analysis of the NP to be carried out. Noun phrases are viewed as aspectually equivalent to VPs. In both cases, the analyses are likely to be conducted along the same set of principles of aspectual decomposition. The point is to ascertain whether and how the category of aspect may contribute to the contrastive description of articles between a language with no articles and an article-language.

10

Nanovo - Nikola Žic o zaboravljenim knjigama za hrvatsku djecu

61%

Žic N., Majhut B.

Libri & Liberi

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2014

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vol. Volume 3

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issue No. 1

127-142

HR

Nikola Žic (1882. − 1960.) nastavničku i znanstvenu karijeru započeo je na Pazinskoj gimnaziji, a u vrijeme pisanja članka koji donosimo u ovoj rubrici bio je profesor na Učiteljskoj školi u Zagrebu. Žic u svojemu radu među ostalim također spominje katehizme za djecu iz 1789. i 1921. godine te talijansku gramatiku za hrvatsku djecu koja žele učiti talijanski iz 1808. godine.

EN

Nikola Žic (1882−1960) started his teaching and research career at the Grammar School in Pazin, while at the time of writing “Bibliographic Notes on Croatian Books from Istria”, he was a lecturer at the Teacher Training School in Zagreb. In his overview, Žic also describes catechisms for children published in 1789 and 1921, as well as an 1808 bilingual grammar of Italian for Croatian children who wish to learn that language.

11

Аналітичні публікації Петра Волиняка: ідеологічний аспект (на матеріалі „Нових Днів” за 1950–1951 роки)

61%

Yablonsky M.

Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia

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2017

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vol. 5

157-171

PL

The article analyses the analytical publications of the editor of the monthly ”Novi Dni” (Toronto) Petro Volyak during the years 1950–1951, with a particular focus on the ideological aspect. It analyses the actual social and political issues of the articles, reviews and a commentary related to the events in the Soviet Union and Canada. It demonstrates how Petro Volyak comprehended literary and artistic problems in relation to the ideological aspect. It is concluded that the publicist used research methods such as analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization. It was found that the ideological aspect in Petro Volyak’s analytical publications was realized with the help of the analysis of social facts and phenomena, press review, historical tours, elements of journalism investigation and forecasting. A signifi cant role of personal experience of the author is emphasized.

12

Беларуская лінгвістычная тэрміналогія: праблемы фіксацыі і функцыянавання

61%

Волкава [Volkava] Я. I.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2014

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vol. 49

EN

Belarusian linguistic terminology: some problems of functioning and fixationThe article considers functioning and fixation of the Belarusian linguistic terminology. Scientific papers, textbooks for schools and universities, terminological and generalpurpose dictionaries are under consideration.Brief excursus on the history of the Belarusian linguistics showed the diversity and randomness of the terms creation processes. Contradictions in the views of linguists on the development of the Belarusian linguistics and terminology were revealed: on the one hand, the orientation on Russian terminological system, on the other hand there is an intention to turn terminology to the national direction. Simultaneously internationalization of terminology, the process typical for other Slavic languages, occurs.This article demonstrates inconsistencies in the use of Belarusian terms indefinite pronoun and definite/indefinite article (and some other terms) in scientific, educational literature and in various dictionaries.The article argues that Russian terminological system prevails in education and subsequently affects the discourse of Belarusian linguistics.The author believes that another problem of Belarusian terminology is a relatively small amount of a Belarusian linguistics discourse and limited subjects of studies, which does not allow to settle the terms.In these difficult circumstances, an appeal to the experience of other Slavic languages with a more developed system of terminology and with an extensive linguistic discourse can help.

13

Беларуская лінгвістычная тэрміналогія: праблемы фіксацыі і функцыянавання

61%

Волкава [Volkava] Я. I.

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej

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2014

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vol. 49

259-276

EN

The article considers functioning and fixation of the Belarusian linguistic terminology. Scientific papers, textbooks for schools and universities, terminological and generalpurpose dictionaries are under consideration. Brief excursus on the history of the Belarusian linguistics showed the diversity and randomness of the terms creation processes. Contradictions in the views of linguists on the development of the Belarusian linguistics and terminology were revealed: on the one hand, the orientation on Russian terminological system, on the other hand there is an intention to turn terminology to the national direction. Simultaneously internationalization of terminology, the process typical for other Slavic languages, occurs. This article demonstrates inconsistencies in the use of Belarusian terms indefinite pronoun and definite/indefinite article (and some other terms) in scientific, educational literature and in various dictionaries. The article argues that Russian terminological system prevails in education and subsequently affects the discourse of Belarusian linguistics. The author believes that another problem of Belarusian terminology is a relatively small amount of a Belarusian linguistics discourse and limited subjects of studies, which does not allow to settle the terms. In these difficult circumstances, an appeal to the experience of other Slavic languages with a more developed system of terminology and with an extensive linguistic discourse can help.

14

Klasyfikacja publicznych uczelni akademickich w Polsce pod względem ich działalności publikacyjnej na rzecz celów zrównoważonego rozwoju

51%

Pietrzak P.

Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu

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2024

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vol. 68

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issue 1

96-109

EN

The aim of this article is to present the achievements of public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Poland in popularising the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) from 2017 to 2022. The study used 29 diagnostic variables taken from SciVal reports. As a result of the cluster analysis, using Ward’s method and Euclidean distance, 5 groups of universities differing in terms of the number of publications correlating with the respective SDGs and their citability were identified. The universities that were involved in promoting the highest number of SDGs, during the analysed period, were the University of Warsaw and Jagiellonian University. These HEIs achieved the highest average values in 14 of the 29 indicators analysed. There is a need to continue the research by including more universities (also due to the nature of their ownership) using also qualitative variables.

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zaprezentowanie osiągnięć publicznych uczelni akademickich w Polsce w zakresie popularyzacji Celów Zrównoważonego Rozwoju w latach 2017-2022. W badaniu wykorzystano 29 zmiennych diagnostycznych zaczerpniętych z raportów SciVal. W wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy skupień, z wykorzystaniem metody Warda i odległości euklidesowej wyodrębniono 5 grup szkół wyższych różniących się pod względem liczby publikacji korespondujących z poszczególnymi Celami Zrównoważonego Rozwoju oraz ich cytowalnością. Uczelniami, które były zaangażowanie w popularyzację największej liczby celów, w analizowanym okresie, były Uniwersytet Warszawski i Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Uczelnie te osiągnęły najwyższe średnie wartości w 14 z 29 analizowanych wskaźników. Istnieje potrzeba kontynuowania badań z uwzględnieniem większej liczby szkół wyższych (w tym ze względu na charakter ich własności) i z wykorzystaniem również zmiennych jakościowych.

15

Двојната определеност во македонскиот јазик

51%

Pančevska A.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

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2020

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vol. 171

121-126

EN

The subject of interest is the so-called double definiteness in the Macedonian language. These are cases where the noun phrase, besides the article, which is a marker of definiteness, is complemented with a demonstrative pronoun in a preposition. This phenomenon is not new in the Macedonian language but occurs more commonly especially in the spoken standard. The author attempts to understand the origin of this phenomenon as well as its distribution in the modern language. The conclusion is that a new type of article may be created, an analytical one.

PL

Przedmiotem analizy jest tak zwana podwójna określoność w języku macedońskim. Są to przypadki, w których nominalna fraza, oprócz morfemu rodzajnikowego, będącego wykładnikiem określoności, jest uzupełniona zaimkiem wskazującym w prepozycji. Zjawisko to nie jest nowe w języku macedońskim, ostatnio spotyka się je częściej, zwłaszcza w standardzie mówionym. Autor tekstu stara się wyjaśnić pochodzenie tego zjawiska, a także jego dystrybucję we współczesnym języku macedońskim. Analiza materiału prowadzi do wniosku, że być może powstaje nowy typ rodzajnika analitycznego.

16

Kontakt językowy w tłumaczeniu. Początkowy etap rozwoju przedimka określonego w świetle gockiego przekładu Biblii

51%

Sroka K. A.

Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego

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2019

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vol. 75

141-164

PL

Określoność słaba (ang. definiteness) przysługuje konstrukcji gramatycznej, której podstawą (bazą) jest nazwa, a formatywem ‒ określnik słaby, czyli adimek (ang. article), którego odmianą jest przedimek. Na określoność słabą składają się wykładniki (które są formatywami we wspomnianych konstrukcjach gramatycznych), np. ang. the, a(n), funktywy (czyli determinanty) i wartości formalne (mianowicie: określona, nieokreślona i zero-określnikowa). Funktywy to czynniki, które w procesie kodowania determinują występowanie poszczególnych wykładników. Dzielą się one na formalne (np. docelowa rola przedimka jako wykładnika nominalizacji) i logiczno-semantyczne. Te ostatnie stanowią system, na który składają się aktualne wartości zakresowe pospolitej nazwy policzalnej, a mianowicie: α1 = unikatowa, α2 = identyfikująca, β = wolna, γ1 = uniwersalna, γ2 = egzystencjalna i δ = rodzajowa/gatunkowa. Odpowiadają one podzbiorom zakresu nazwy, które na etapie kodowania występują jako docelowe, a na etapie dekodowania są rozpoznawane jako aktualnie obecne. Wymienione rodzaje funktywów są wykorzystane do analizy użycia demonstrativum prostego sa, sō, þata ‘ten, ta, to’, ‘tamten, tamata, tamto’ w gockim przekładzie Biblii. Ukazano, że to demonstrativum ma tu charakter przedimkowy lub przedimkopodobny, gdy występuje jako (a) wykładnik współodniesienia (koreferncji), czyli gdy aktualną wartością zakresową nazwy jest α2 (identyfikująca), np. hundafaþs ... sa hundafaþs ‘setnik ... (ten) setnik’, (b) wykładnik nominalizacji, np. sa saiands ‘[ten] siejący’, ‘siewca’, oraz (c) element łączący składniki konstrukcji apozycyjnej, np. sunus meins sa liuba ‘syn mój [ten] umiłowany’. Tego rodzaju użycia demonstrativum traktowane są jako początkowy etap rozwoju przedimka określonego w gockim. Jest prawdopodobne, że w podobny sposób, a szczególnie jako wykładnik współodniesienia, przedimek ten zaczął się rozwijać także w innych językach. Wpływ oryginału greckiego na użycie demonstrativum jako odpowiednika przedimka określonego ὁ, ἡ, τό jest niewątpliwy, lecz nie tak silny, aby gwałcić reguły morfosemantyczne języka gockiego, o czym świadczy fakt, że w przypadku aktualnej wartości zakresowej α1 (unikatowej) i γ1 (uniwersalnej) nazwę prostą poprzedza w gockim określnik zerowy, mimo że (choć nie zawsze) w greckim oryginale występuje przedimek określony, np. w przypadku α1: sauilὁ ἥλιοϛ ‘słońce’, a w przypadku γ1: skalks ὁ δοῦλος ‘sługa’.

EN

Definiteness (weak determination) is a characteristic of grammatical constructions whose base is a name, and whose formative is an article (a weak determiner). In definiteness, there are exponents (which are formatives of such grammatical constructions), e.g. the, a(n), functives (or determinants), and formal values (viz. definite, indefinite, and bare). Functives are the factors which, at the stage of encoding, determine the occurrence of particular exponents. They are either formal (e.g. the target role of the article as an exponent of nominalization) or logico-semantic. The latter make a system whose components are the actual scope values of a common count name, viz. α1 = unique, α2 = identifying, β = free, γ1 = universal, γ2 = existential, and δ = species-oriented. They correspond to the subsets of the scope of the name which, at the stage of encoding, are those to be conveyed in the message, and, at the stage of decoding, are recognized as actually conveyed. The types of functives just defined are applied to the analysis of the use of the simple demonstrative sa (m.), sō (f.), þata (n.) ‘this, that’ in the Gothic translation of the Bible. It is shown that this demonstrative can be qualified as an article or article-like determiner when it appears as (a) an exponent of co-reference, i.e. when the actual scope value of the name it precedes is α2 (identifying), e.g. hundafaþs ... sa hundafaþs ‘a centurion ... the centurion’, (b) an exponent of nominalization, e.g. sa saiands ‘the (one) sowing’, ‘the sower’, and (c) an element connecting the components of an appositive construction, e.g. sunus meins sa liuba ‘my son the beloved (one)’. Such types of the use of the demonstrative are treated as the initial stage in the development of the definite article in Gothic. It is probable that in a similar way, and especially as an exponent of co-reference, this article started to develop also in other languages. The influence of the Greek original upon the use of the Gothic simple demonstrative as a counterpart of the definite article ὁ, ἡ, τό is indubitable but it is not so strong as to violate the morphosemantic rules of Gothic. Thus, in the case of the actual scope value α1 (unique) and γ1 (universal), a simple name in Gothic is preceded by the zero determiner although (but not always) in the Greek original it is accompanied by the definite article, e.g. in the case of α1: sauil ὁ ἥλιοϛ ‘the sun’, and in the case of γ1: skalks ὁ δοῦλος ‘the servant’.

17

Algorytmiczne dziennikarstwo w świetle prawa autorskiego

51%

Kowala M.

Zeszyt Studencki Kół Naukowych Wydziału Prawa i Administracji UAM

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2020

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issue 10

s. 141-156

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest podjęcie próby odpowiedzi na pytanie czy artykuły prasowe generowane przez sztuczną inteligencję mogą być traktowane jako utwory w rozumieniu polskiego prawa autorskiego. Punktem wyjścia do rozważań jest analiza orzeczenia Sądu Rejonowego z Nanshan z prowincji Kanton w Chinach uznającego za utwór artykuł wygenerowany przez oprogramowanie „Dreamwriter”. Ponadto przedstawione zostały przesłanki decydujące o zakwalifikowaniu materiału prasowego jako utworu w prawie polskim, oryginalność i indywidualny charakter, co znajduje także odbicie w regulacjach unijnych. W artykule zaprezentowany został przegląd wiodących koncepcji dotyczących prawnej kwalifikacji dzieł wygenerowanych przez sztuczną inteligencję z jedynie minimalnym udziałem człowieka, bowiem w dobie obecnych przemian technologicznych może okazać się, że ta wyłącznie ludzka koncepcja autorstwa będzie wymagała rewizji.

EN

The main purpose of this article is an attempt to answer the question whether press articles generated by artificial intelligence can be treated as works within the meaning of Polish copyright law. The starting point for consideration is the analysis of the jurisprudence of the Nanshan District Court in the Guangzhou province of China, recognizing an article generated by the “Dreamwriter” software as a work. In addition, the premises determining the classification of press material as a work in Polish law, originality and individual character were presented, which is also reflected in the EU regulations. The article presents an overview of the leading concepts regarding the legal qualification of works generated by AI with only minimal human participation because in the era of current technological changes it may turn out that the only human concept of authorship will require revision.

18

St. Thomas Aquinas, Dramatist?

51%

McLuhan E.

Studia Gilsoniana

|

2016

|

vol. 5

|

issue 1

109-133

EN

The article begins with the statement that there is one aspect of St Thomas’s work that has not received due scrutiny as a literary form, one with solid dramatic qualities and structure: the Article. The Article is as Thomistic as the syllogism is Aristotelian. This particular mode of argument was evidently original with St. Thomas: he did not derive it from the work of any other writer, yet its inner movement is of the essence of dialectic, from the opening proposition to opposing objections, then “to the contrary” position as found in orthodoxy, and then the writer’s resolution, and so on. It is a variation on the classic sic-et-non, a reasonable, balanced to and fro of the sort beloved by disputants. No parallel or even parody of this Article is to be found in any known literature before or since the thirteenth century. The author aims to show that part of the sheer power of the Article resides in the fact that it has two levels of operation. The surface is composed of the dialectical to-and-fro adumbrated above. But under that surface lies a rhetorical structure constructed along the lines of the five divisions of the rhetorical logos as laid out by Cicero and Horace.

19

Z dziejów Biblioteki Akademii Duchownej w Warszawie : (na marginesie art. ks. Witolda Maleja, pt. Biblioteka Archidiecezjalna w Warszawie)

51%

Ussas B. M.

Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne

|

1962

|

vol. 5

369-372

EN

-

20

Trends in studies on capoeira: a bibliometric analysis

51%

Mamede Ferreira da Cruz L., Correa U. C.

Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology

|

2024

|

vol. 24

|

issue 2

75-83

EN

Background. Over the last few decades, capoeira has been highlighted as one of the most fascinating human activities. Parallel to the growing number of practitioners worldwide, capoeira has increasingly been the focus of academic concerns, particularly in university contexts. Problem and aim. This study aimed to identify how capoeira has been addressed academically. For this purpose, it sought to develop a bibliometric analysis of published articles on capoeira over the last decade. Material and methods. 353 articles written in the Portuguese, English, Spanish and French languages were identified in the Pubmed (n = 27), Web of Science (n = 176), and Scopus (n = 150) databases, from 2010 to 2020, using the word “capoeira”. After that, 227 articles were removed because they were repeated, with unavailable access or dealt with another matter, resulting in 126 records for analysis. They were analysed based on the relative frequency of occurrences considering: (i) area of knowledge, (ii) authorship, (iii) type of research, and (iv) journal. Results. The articles on capoeira belonged in the disciplines of Social Sciences, Life Sciences and Biomedicine, and Arts and Humanities. The most frequent subareas were Sport Science, Education Educational Research, Hospitality Leisure Sport Tourism, and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary. The main journals were : Movimento, Archives of Budo, Ido Movement for Culture, Revista de Artes Marciales Asiaticas, and Periferia. Qualitative research was the method most utilised. Furthermore, most articles were published in co-authorship, which involved authors from different institutions from the same and different countries. Conclusions. These findings contribute to clarifying the state of research into the set of capoeira and as an important step for the researcher to raise questions, select research methods and define publication targets.

PL

Wprowadzenie. W ciągu ostatnich kilku dekad capoeira stała się jedną z ciekawszych sportowych aktywności. Równolegle do rosnącej liczby adeptów na całym świecie, capoeira jest coraz częściej przedmiotem zainteresowania akademickiego, szczególnie w kontekście uniwersyteckim. Problem i cel. Niniejsze badanie miało na celu określenie, w jaki sposób capoeira została potraktowana akademicko. W tym celu starano się opracować analizę bibliometryczną opublikowanych artykułów na temat capoeiry w ciągu ostatniej dekady. Materiał i metody. W bazach danych Pubmed (n = 27), Web of Science (n = 176) i Scopus (n = 150), od 2010 do 2020 roku, przy użyciu słowa “capoeira” zostały zidentyfikowane 353 artykuły napisane w języku portugalskim, angielskim, hiszpańskim i francuskim. Następnie usunięto 227 artykułów, ponieważ powtarzały się, były niedostępne lub dotyczyły innego zagadnienia, co dało 126 artykułów do analizy. Zostały one przeanalizowane na podstawie względnej częstotliwości występowania, biorąc pod uwagę: (i) obszar wiedzy, (ii) autorstwo, (iii) rodzaj badań oraz (iv) czasopismo. Wyniki. Artykuły na temat capoeiry należały do nauk społecznych, nauk przyrodniczych i biomedycyny oraz sztuki i nauk humanistycznych. Najczęstszymi poddziedzinami były nauki o sporcie, edukacja, badania edukacyjne, turystyka sportowa i interdyscyplinarne nauki społeczne. Movimento, Archives of Budo, Ido Movement for Culture, Revista de Artes Marciales Asiaticas i Periferia były głównymi czasopismami. Najczęściej stosowaną metodą były badania jakościowe. Większość artykułów została opublikowana we współautorstwie, w którym uczestniczyli autorzy z różnych instytucji z tego samego i różnych krajów. Wnioski. Wyniki te przyczyniają się do wyjaśnienia stanu badań nad capoeirą, co jest ważnym krokiem dla badacza w celu postawienia pytań, wyboru metod badawczych i określenia celu publikacji

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