Search results

1

Notes on the bilabialization and aspiration of the vowels in the Tungus languages

100%

Shirokogoroff S. M.

Rocznik Orientalistyczny

|

vol. Rocznik Orientalistyczny, T. 07, (1929/1930), wyd. 1931

2

Fortis-lenis vs voiced-voiceless plosives in Welsh

100%

Asmus S., Jaworski S., Baran M.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

|

2020

|

vol. 6

5-16

EN

This paper questions the voiceless-voiced distinction of Welsh consonants and claims that the fortis-lenis distinction is more appropriate for the description of the language. In light of research results of theoretical as well as experimental investigations into Welsh, e.g. the vowel-coda length dependence discovered by Asmus and Grawunder (2017), advocated further research into that matter, seeing also that the fortis-lenis distinction establishes a firm link to focal properties of Welsh, such as morpheme-initial consonant mutations (mICM). It was, therefore, decided to look at potential phonetic features that would contribute to the postulated distinction. These features are aspiration, voicing, hold phase duration and the centre of gravity (abbreviated to CoG) in the articulation of Welsh plosives. Preliminary results of the study discussed in this paper were summarised in “Fortis-lenis or Voiced-voiceless – features of Welsh consonants” (Asmus et al. 2019). However, expanding our research has yielded more comprehensive findings. As a result, it appears that the two series of plosives under review are different in terms of all features studied, but it is aspiration that is of major importance (thus confirming classifications of Welsh as an aspiration language).

3

The problem of Proto-Balto-Slavic ‘aspirates’ revisited

88%

Šefčík O.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

|

2016

|

vol. 77

|

issue 4

300-315

EN

The topic of this paper, as its title suggests, is the fate of the original Indo-European (IE) aspirates in Balto-Slavic, or possibly in its direct precursor, Proto-Balto-Slavic. In contrast with the Indo-European protolanguage, which is generally reconstructed with three modal classes of stops, both the Baltic and the Slavic languages are modeled on the opposition based on the feature /±voice/ only, with the opposition based on the feature /±aspiration/ not directly attested. Due to this distinction between IE and Balto-Slavic, it is assumed that the original opposition of aspiration was lost at some point during the Proto-Balto-Slavic period. The mechanism of this loss and the question of ‘voiceless aspirates’ are discussed as well. In the paper it is demonstrated that there is no reason to believe that ‘voiceless aspirates’ and ‘voiced aspirates’ ever formed a category of ‘aspirates’, proportional to the opposition between ‘voiceless unaspirates’ and ‘voiced unaspirates’, or to assume that both ‘aspirates’ever existed at the same moment.

4

Education as an Aspiration for Girls of Turkish Muslim Origin in Germany

88%

Güner P. B.

Ethics in Progress

|

2018

|

vol. 9

|

issue 2

87-98

EN

In order to find the inequalities in the life of socially vulnerable Turkish origin girls; the present research conceptualized how ethnicity and migration background deprive or enhance capabilities (opportunities) of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation girls with a Turkish origin living in Germany. Data for research were collected in consultation with colleagues working in the field of youth and education in the Federal State of North Rheine Westphalia. The participants were girls between the ages of 13 and 21 years residing in North Rhine Westphalia`s (NRW) socio-economically vulnerable areas.

5

Zaburzenia połykania jako powikłanie operacji guzów kąta mostowo-móżdżkowego

51%

Jamróz B., Bętkowska P., Karney M., Chmielewska-Walczak J., Milewska M.

Logopedia

|

2021

|

vol. 50

|

issue 1

33-47

EN

Introduction CPA tumor’s treatment may lead to cranial nerve paresis (V, VII, IX–XII). Material and methods Part I: Retrospective analysis of 456 FEES reports (I’2015–III’2020), 24 results of patients with CPA tumor were selected (14 men, 10 women, age 22–72). FEES examination according to protocol: anatomy and physiology assessment, oral tests, effectiveness of therapeutic manoeuvres. Agree for nutritional assessment (n = 4). Part II: Prospective; clinical swallowing examination before and after CPA tumor surgery: 10 consecutive patients (I–VI’2029, 8 men, 2 women, age 18–67). Results Part I: Dysphagia was most often related to pharyngeal phase (91%). In the case of the oral phase, the most common were: difficulties in bolus preparation (41%), premature swallowing (20%) and leaking (20%). In the pharyngeal phase: absence of larynx reflex (66%), penetration (70%), residue and multiswallows (54%). The most frequently nerves paresis were: VII (62%), X (62%) and IX (45%); Most patients required adaptive (91%) and compensatory (66%) therapy. NF2 group: 83.33% of patients had multiple cranial nerve paresis (VII, IX, X). Problems with larynx elevation led to penetration (90%) and aspiration (60%). Residue connected with multiswallows (56%). Paralysis of n. XII was connected with bolus preparation problems and premature swallows (83%). Risk of malnutrition (25% of patients). Part II: Post-operative CSE showed: impaired motor control of the tongue (30%), lips (40%), n. VII paresis (70%), reduction in the jaw extend, 3-times increase of positive result in a water screening test. Discussion Swallowing disorders are a significant problem after CPA surgery, connected with swallowing safety and efficiency. Patients should undergo screening tests, clinical and instrumental examination.

PL

Wstęp Powikłaniem operacji guzów kąta mostowo-móżdżkowego są porażenia nerwów czaszkowych (V, VII, IX-XII). Materiał i metoda Część I – retrospektywna analiza 456 raportów z badania FEES (I’2015–III’2020); do dalszej analizy włączono 24 wyniki pacjentów z rozpoznaniem CPA (14 mężczyzn, 10 kobiet, w wieku 22–72 lata). Badanie FEES przeprowadzono zgodnie z protokołem: ocena anatomii i fizjologii, próby oralne, ocena skuteczności manewrów terapeutycznych. Zgoda na ocenę stanu odżywienia (n = 4). Część II – prospektywna; kliniczna ocena połykania u 10 kolejnych pacjentów przed zabiegiem i do siedmiu dni po operacji CPA (I–VI’ 2019, ośmiu mężczyzn, dwie kobiety, w wieku 18–67 lat). Wyniki Część I – stwierdzono zaburzenia gł. fazy gardłowej połykania (91%). Zaburzenia fazy ustnej najczęściej obejmowały: trudności z obróbką oralną kęsa (41%), przedwczesne połykanie (20%) i wyciek treści przez usta (20%). W fazie gardłowej stwierdzono: zaburzenie odruchów obronnych krtani (66%), penetracje (70%), zlegania i multipołknięcia (54%). Najczęściej uszkodzonymi nerwami były: VII (62%), X (62%) i IX (45%); Wykorzystano terapię adaptacyjną (91%) oraz kompensacyjną (66%). W grupie NF2 83% pacjentów miała mnogie porażenia nerwów czaszkowych (nn. VII, IX, X). Obniżenie elewacji krtani prowadziło do penetracji (90%) i aspiracji (60%). Zalegania współwystępowały z multipołknięciami (56%). Porażenie n. XII zaburzało obórkę oralną i skutkowało przedwczesnym połykaniem (83%). Ryzyko niedożywienia (25% chorych). Część II – badanie po zabiegu w porównaniu z badaniem wyjściowym wykazało: zaburzenia motoryki języka (30%), warg (40%), niedowład n. VII (70%), zmniejszenie zakresu odwiedzania żuchwy, trzykrotny wzrost pozytywnego wyniku przesiewowego testu połykania wody. Dyskusja Operacje CPA zaburzają bezpieczeństwo i efektywności połykania. Testy przesiewowe i ocena kliniczna połykania powinny być wykonywane każdorazowo u tych chorych, zaś w razie wskazań – także badania instrumentalne.

6

Aspirované souhlásky v čínštině a v angličtině

51%

Třísková H.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

|

2014

|

vol. 96

|

issue 2

196-218

EN

The article treats the phenomenon of aspiration in Mandarin Chinese and English within a broader linguistic context. The topics discussed are (1) both the general and language-specific articulatory and acoustic make-up of aspirated consonants (long overall duration, tense articulation, long VOT; the alternative sources of aspiration friction are recalled, as opposed to a common view emphasizing mainly the glottal friction) and (2) the dissimilar functioning of aspiration in English and Mandarin Chinese (English: a secondary phonetic feature of stops /p/, /t/, /k/ in particular positions; Chinese: an essential distinctive feature of the consonantal subsystem operating in three pairs of stops and three pairs of affricates). After reviewing possible options for making phonological contrast in stops (and affricates) employing the laryngeal phonological features [± voiced] and [± aspirated], the author presents cross-linguistically manifold ways of phonetic realizations of the phonological categories chosen by a particular language (the polarization principle, Magnet Model Theory and Trubetzkoy’s “phonological sieve” are introduced as a possible explanation of the diversity). The author points out that the described complexity causes numerous problems in consonant production and perception in second language learning, the mistakes being diverse depending on the native language of the student.

7

Anticipace výsledku testu u vysokoškolských studentù

51%

Marek B.

Littera Scripta

|

2012

|

vol. 1

35-48

EN

The aim of this paper is to verify, in a defined group, that individuals' expectations about the outcome of the performance - of the general credit test - are objective. It has established ve basic hypotheses, which were verified by methods of statistical analysis. The hypothesis were verified at the significance level of = 0; 05. Presented results confirm that the group estimate is correct, but the individual estimates from the actual results differ significantly. This means that the aspirations to power, which is an essential component of power motivation, are based on false foundations. The estimates provided after the test has correlated with real results, suggesting that students come unprepared for the test. This view is also supported by the fact that more than half of respondents adduced the level of aspiration at obtaining credit. Declaring such low expectations before the test also confirmed that they are aware of their unpreparedness. Paper suggests another interesting area of investigation, namely whether to repeat each high school test three times, does not transfer in professional life, where there is also a tendency to be unprepared for solving the problem on the first attempt.

CS

Cílem příspěvku je na definované skupině ověřit, zda jsou očekávání jedinců ohledně výsledku výkonu – souhrnného zápočtového testu – objektivní. Bylo stanoveno pět základních hypotéz, které byly metodami statistické analýzy verifikovány. Posouzení oprávněnosti zamítnutí hypotézy probíhalo na hladině významnosti α = 0,05. Prezentované výsledky potvrzují, že skupinový odhad je správný, ale individuální odhady se od skutečných výsledků významně liší. Znamená to, že aspirace na výkon, která je podstatnou složkou výkonové motivace, vychází z nesprávných základů. Odhady poskytnuté po testu již s reálnými výsledky korelují, což naznačuje, že studenti přišli na test nepřipravení. Tento názor podporuje rovněž skutečnost, že více než polovina respondentů uvedla aspiraci maximálně na úrovni získání zápočtu. Deklarováním tak nízkých očekávání ještě před testem navíc potvrdili, že jsou si své nepřipravenosti vědomi. Příspěvek naznačuje další zajímavou oblast zkoumání, a sice zda možnost opakovat na vysoké škole každou zkoušku až třikrát nevede k transferu do profesionálního života, kde pak je také tendence být na první pokus o řešení problému nepřipravený.

Refine search results

1 Ethics in Progress

1 Linguistics Beyond and Within

1 Littera Scripta

1 Logopedia

1 Rocznik Orientalistyczny

1 Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

1 Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

1 Asmus S.

1 Baran M.

1 Bętkowska P.

1 Chmielewska-Walczak J.

1 Güner P. B.

1 Jamróz B.

1 Jaworski S.

1 Karney M.

1 Marek B.

1 Milewska M.

1 Shirokogoroff S. M.

1 Třísková H.

1 Šefčík O.

1 2021

1 2020

1 2018

1 2016

1 2014