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Chronologia działalności proroka Ozeasza

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Chrostowski W.
Collectanea Theologica
|
2016
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vol. 86
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issue 4
7-32
EN
Opinions regarding the exact dating of the activity of the prophet Hoseago mainly in two directions. One group of scholars puts it in the middle ofthe 8th century B.C., while the other prefers the next decades. Even thoughthe difference is not huge, it is nonetheless very important. Both groupsrely exclusively on the data given in the Book of Hosea and the knowledgeabout the history of the Divided Monarchy as it is presented in the HebrewBible. Until recently, another source of information was neglected, namelythe Neo-Assyrian texts and sources. Taking them seriously into consideration,the solution given by, among others, Nadav Na’aman seems the mostplausible. The early prophecies of Hosea should be connected with Israel’sdisastrous defeat in its struggle with Assyria, which ended with the loss oflarge parts of its territory and the first big wave of forced deportations toMesopotamia. The activity of the prophet Hosea should therefore be datedat the very beginning of the last decade of the Northern Kingdom (731-723B.C.), hence in the context of the reign of king Hoshea, son of Elah.But quite differently to Na’aman, who suggests that the early scrollcontaining the message of the prophet was written in the North, possiblya short time after 720 B.C. when the Northern Kingdom collapsed, theauthor of this article avers that the “first edition of the book” was writtenin Mesopotamia at the very beginning of the process of consolidation ofthe Assyrian Diaspora. It means that the prophet Hosea was one of theIsraelites who were deported to Mesopotamia by the Assyrians during thefirst wave of deportations. More than a hundred years later, his messagewas reinterpreted from a pro-Judaean (or pro-Jerusalem) perspective by thedeportees who were brought to Mesopotamia by the Babylonians. The finalelaboration of Hosea’s message, as we know it from the Book of Hosea, wasmade in the Persian, or possibly even in the Hellenistic period.
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Asyryjska diaspora Izraelitów jako wyzwanie dla biblistyki i asyriologii

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Chrostowski W.
Collectanea Theologica
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2016
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vol. 86
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issue 3
5-26
EN
In recent years the impact of Assyriology on Biblical studies and theknowledge of the history of ancient Israel has become more and moreevident. Thanks to Assyriology the reconstructions of the history of Israelin the period of the First Temple are much fuller and more comprehensivethan before. The same is true in regard to the very roots and nature of manybooks included in the Hebrew Bible. The up-to-date results of the cooperationof Biblical scholars and Assyriologists lead us to the conclusion thatin the 7th century B.C. there existed a strong and fruitful Israelite diasporain Assyria. Because information on its existence, influence and outcomeare consequently scanty in the Bible (damnatio memoriae), so Assyriologyhelps to gain a new knowledge about it and to assess its impact on the religionof ancient Israel.
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Konflikt wokół odbudowy świątyni (Ezd 4,1-5). Przyczynek do transformacji religii biblijnego Izraela i narodzin judaizmu

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Chrostowski W.
Collectanea Theologica
|
2019
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vol. 89
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issue 3
43-84
EN
This article presents the detailed exegesis of the text of Esd 4,1-5. First,the place of this text in the structure of the Book of Esdra is described andthe translation into Polish is given. Then, detailed remarks follow regardingall the verses included. Verse 1 gives the identity of the delegation comingto Jerusalem as seen by the author of the Book of Esdra. Verse 2 preservesthe self-presentation of the delegates from the north, and the article stressesthe fact that they were believers in YHWH. The answer given in v. 3 by theJerusalem authorities is analysed in detail. Verses 4-5 describe the conflictwith “the people of the land”, in many respects having analogies with similarantagonisms between Jerusalem and Judah and the population of the formerKingdom of Israel. By the end of the article some important conclusions areproposed, among them the question as to whether the Jerusalem authoritieswould accept the proposal of collaboration in the cult existing in Jerusalempresented immediately after 539 by the delegates coming from the north.The crucial question regards the long-lasting and still valid issue of theidentity of the “true Israel”.
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