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PL
Artykuł przedstawia zarys historii wiedzy dotyczącej miażdżycy. Zaprezentowano ewolucję kryteriów rozpoznawania miażdżycy i poglądów na jej etiopatogenezę. Zestawiono najważniejsze obserwacje i doświadczenia lekarzy, zmierzające do wyjaśnienia mechanizmu powstawania miażdżycy, w tym badania epidemiologiczne.
EN
This review article presents a brief history of knowledge on arteriosclerosis. An evolution of diagnostic criteria and views on its pathogenesis is described. The most important observations, experiments and epidemiologic studies carried out by doctors to explain mechanism of arteriosclerosis are compiled.
EN
Although considerable research has been devoted to cognitive functions deteriorating due to diseases of cardiovascular system, rather less attention has been paid to their theoretical background. Progressive vascular disorders as hypertension, atherosclerosis and carotid artery stenosis generate most of all pathological changes in the white matter, that cause specific cognitive disorder: disconnection syndromes, and disturbances in the dynamic aspect of information processing. These features made neuropsychological disorders secondary to cardiovascular diseases different than the effects of cerebral cortex damage, which may be interpreted modularly.
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EN
Atherosclerosis remains the main cause of death worldwide. Most important issues concerning atherosclerosis are hemodynamics and how it affects plaque prevalence and distribution, as well as the symmetry and asymmetry of vasculature and plaques. To present the symmetry in the vascular system an analysis of PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed. As of February 21, 2023, the results were as follows: for “symmetry” AND “atherosclerosis” there were 47 results; for “symmetry” AND “atherosclerotic lesions” – 20 results; for “symmetry” AND “artery stenosis” – 82 results; for “asymmetry” AND “atherosclerosis” – 87 results. Not without meaning are preventive measures. In the light of the Fourth Industrial Revolution artificial intelligence (AI) solutions help to develop new tools outperforming already existing cardiovascular risk scales. The aim of this paper is to present a current view on symmetry within vasculature and atherosclerosis as well as present a new approach to assess individuals’ cardiovascular risk in accordance with precision medicine assumptions. Symmetry and asymmetry within the human vascular system play a crucial role in understanding of arterial diseases, including atherosclerosis. Moreover, it is unavoidable to use AI in cardiovascular risk stratification.
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