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Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia we współczesnych rosyjskich koncepcjach geopolitycznych

100%

Bornio J.

Wschodnioznawstwo

2017

issue 11

85-108

No doubt that the region of East-Central Europe is the field of interests of contemporary Russian geopolitics and is believed to be special influence zone for Kremlin decision makers. The article analysed the ideas of three main schools of contemporary Russian geopolitics, which are Atlanticism, Neo-Eurasianism and „Island-Russia”. Although each of them refers to the different image of Russia and its role in the international politics, they also have something in common i.e. reconstruction of the empire. Dmitri Trenin who represents the Atlanticism considers Russia as a part of the Western world, with whom it should establish the new international community. Aleksandr Dugin the most influential representative of Neo-Euroasianism believes that Russia should rebuild great Eurasian Empire, while Vadim Tsymbursky in his concept of „Island-Russia” want Russia to be separated from outer civilizations. The same applies to their geopolitical plans toward the region of East-Central Europe. Their ideas differ from each other, but still one may find convergent postulates. The most coherent among their concepts is a common perception of the subregion referred to by Trenin as the „new Eastern Europe”, which contains territory of today’s Belarus and Ukraine. Regardless of whether the researchers represent a liberal Atlanticism school or a realistic Neo-Eurasianism school, everyone agrees on the key importance of that territory for the Russian geopolitical identity. Tsymbursky also considers Belarus and left-blank Ukraine as the most important areas of the „western Limitrof”. It is worth noting that both Trenin and Dugin are ready to „give up sovereignty” over the territory of the Baltic States. Trenin accepts their westernization, while Dugin puts them into German influence zone to satisfy Berlin’s imperial ambitions. This may prove that regardless of preferred theoretical approach, Russians treat Ukraine and Belarus as an impassable for western influence border. Ideas of Russian geopoliticians to make use of the region may threaten East‑ Central European countries. This results from the treatment of this territory as an area that should be absorbed by the neighboring empires or be functioning as a buffer zone. East-Central Europe is an area of competition between the West and Russia for both Dugin and Tsymbursky. They wish the region not to be absorbed by the „core of Europe”. Only Trenin accepts sovereign choices of the nations from East-Central Europe and does not recognize their willingness to integrate with the western structures as a threat to Russia. One should bear in mind however that Atlanticism approach does not reflect Russian way of political thinking nowadays. Certainly, the ideas of Aleksander Dugin and Vadim Tsymbursky are much more influential, especially while referring them to the political activity of Kremlin as well as the Russian imagination of their country and its role in the global chessboard. Nevertheless, due to the high influence of Russian geopolitical doctrines on the political circles in Moscow, awareness of them – especially among the countries of the region – is more than required. Moreover, because of their strong correlation with the paradigm of realism, they may become a valuable material for analyzing the current and prospective activities of the Russian Federation and make possible to understand Russian geopolitical identity and its perception of the world.

Strategie traktowania ziemi i jej zasobów w angloamerykańskiej szkole geopolityki i ideologii rosyjskiego eurazjanizmu

51%

Micińska-Bojarek M.

Studia z Zakresu Nauk Prawnoustrojowych. Miscellanea

2016

vol. VI

132-145

Zasoby naturalne – bogactwa Ziemi, mające szczególną wartość ze względu na swą ograniczoną dostępność i niezbędność dla rozwoju cywilizacyjnego, stanowią nie od dziś pole konkurencyjnej walki. Problematyka zasobów naturalnych, tak jak wszystko, co związane z przestrzenią i ziemią jawi się jednym z najważniejszych czynników wpływających na historyczny rozwój ludzkości zwłaszcza w jego przestrzennym kontekście. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych czynników geopolitycznych, socjopolitycznych, historycznych, kulturowych i aksjologicznych wpływających na kształtowanie się ogólnych kierunków i tendencji gospodarowania przestrzenią i zasobami naturalnymi na Zachodzie i w Rosji. Na przykładzie angloamerykańskiej szkoły geopolityki oraz ideologii rosyjskiego eurazjanizmu, z licznymi odniesieniami do praktyki, zaprezentowane zostaną doktryny, które zdeterminowały powstanie dwóch różnych strategii stanowiących naczelną orientację gospodarczą, społeczną, militarną –Zachodu i Rosji, włączając w to problematykę gospodarowania zasobami, a zwłaszcza kwestię ich własności, rodzaju stosowanych technologii i procesu logistyki.

Natural resources – wealth of the Earth, having special value due to its limited availability and necessity for the development of civilization, are, from not today, the field of competitive struggle. The issue of natural resources, as everything related to space and ground, appears to be one of the most important factors affecting the historical development of mankind, especially in its spatial context. Geopolitics, understood as the science that studies the impact of geographic factors on socio-political phenomena and processes, conducts research of mutual relations between the geographical features of a state and its policy. The basis of traditional geopolitical theory is a fundamental principle of duality which finds expression in conflict of maritime empire (thalassocracy) with land empire (tellurocracy). The theory of geopolitics operates a universal “key” to recognize and interpret the mechanisms of history. It is about the eternal opposition between the sea and the land, atlanticism (sea power) and eurasianism (land power), “pirates” and “farmers”. The purpose of this article is to show the basic conditions and trends affecting the development of models of natural resources management in thalasso – and thalassocracy – in the light of the general assumptions of Anglo-American school of geopolitics and Russian eurasianism ideology.

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1 Studia z Zakresu Nauk Prawnoustrojowych. Miscellanea

1 Wschodnioznawstwo

1 Bornio J.

1 Micińska-Bojarek M.

1 2017

1 2016

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Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia we współczesnych rosyjskich koncepcjach geopolitycznych

Strategie traktowania ziemi i jej zasobów w angloamerykańskiej szkole geopolityki i ideologii rosyjskiego eurazjanizmu