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EN
The present paper focuses on one of the theories supporting affect in foreign language learning, namely the theory of autobiographical memory. In contrast to mother tongue use, interaction during a foreign languagelesson is a one-dimension-phenomenon taking place „here and now” that does not register in the personal history of the learner. Activation of the autobiographical memory could overcome these limitations. After thepresentation of the characteristics of autobiographical memory, such as the emotional index and its relation to the time and place of the situation, the ways of activating it during foreign language lessons will be described.
EN
The aim of the study was to verify hypotheses about time changeability of dream characteristics depending on the participants’ age and affective value of the dream. The study was conducted online. Participants of the study were 68 individuals between the age of 17 and 85. The participants were asked to prepare detailed descriptions of their dreams, next they had to identify elements of the dreams, refer them to their real life, and assess their affective value. In the dreams of late adolescents, and young and middle-aged adults the most frequently recalled period in a positive context turned out to be late adolescence and early adulthood, whereas in a negative context the participants would recall their present developmental phase and the period of late childhood. Unpleasant dreams of older individuals were mainly connected with the period of middle adulthood, whereas those pleasant ones referred to various periods of their entire life.
EN
The article is an attempt to elaborate on particularly YA novels by Polish writers, Stefan Żeromski, Marcin Szczygieł, Małgorzata Musierowicz, Rafał Kosik, Jerzy Szczygieł, who used in their works own deep (positive and negative) or sometimes “tough” childhood experiences which were registered in their autobiographical memory. The term “autobiographical memory” relates to the complex process of a build of human identity during the whole their life by the two fields, childhood and adulthood. Nonetheless, the core of autobiographical memory are the unique emotions and events which contain diversity information about personal experiences. Sometimes these emotional signs are utilized by writers in their works dedicated to the YA readers and thanks to them the novels become a symbolic, textual “bridge” which connects different generations. Therefore, the author of this article coins the term “emotional text” being of an evidence of co-create certain YA novels by the author’s childhood experiences, including crucial emotions and feelings for them. According to the author, these novels depict the character’s feelings, moods, thinking which are linked with the reception of art and also triggered by the war are a good examples of the “emotional text”.
EN
This article is an attempt to find elements of the traditional peasant ethos in narrations of teachers from Łódź. The teachers came from poor peasant families. They got their education thanks to own effort and help of the socialist state. In their relationship to the performed work it is possible to find certain elements of the traditional ethos of the Polish peasant. These element are: diligence, resourcefulness, convincing the performance of work about the need by every man. For them their work is a form of a service for the society.
PL
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EN
Autobiographical memory is a specific kind of memory concerning events and issues related to yourself. Your conception of your own life involves narratives in which all of yours experiences are interrelated. Autobiographical memory connects your present self with your past experiences (that’s why it’s important for theories about continuity of self). In this article I will analyse autobiographical texts of French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the context of autobiographical memory theories.
EN
The article considers the experience of inheriting the traumatic memory in prose of Magdalena Tulli and autopsychotherapeutic functions of it’s narrativization with the help of elements of psychotherapeutic methods (family constellations, a dialogue with a child in yourself, deconstruction and reconstruction of the life narratives, re-membering, therapeutic metaphor, focusing). The narrativization of the trauma in the process of artistic narration contributes processing traumatic experience, is an important element of constructing of autobiography, gives a chance to retrieve own history, which is not overshadowed with tragic parental discourse, helps to achieve balance between traumatic and positive contents of autobiographical memory, fulfills interpsychological functions.
EN
This study examined the roles of child gender and attachment in mother-child narrative conversations and child independent narratives. Children (Mage = 56 months) told personal narratives independently and while engaged in narrative conversations with their mothers. The Attachment Story Completion Task-Revised (Verschueren & Marcoen, 1994) measured child attachment representations. Results indicated that attachment was linked to maternal conversational style and child independent narratives. Mothers with secure sons continued their topics more than mothers of secure daughters, and secure boys’ independent narratives were less elaborative than those of secure girls. However, no gender differences were found among insecure dyads. We argue that mothers of secure boys sensitively recognize their sons’ cues within the conversational context and respond to the need for further verbal assistance, thus providing more on-topic replies in narrative conversations.
EN
This article focuses on the assessment of the credibility of the witnesses’ testimony. Conway model of autobiographical memory, and the theory of incorrect attribution sources indicates that our memory is based both on the original record of events and on additional information. If the new information is incorrect, the memory may become distorted. In the first part of the article are described mechanisms of autobiographical memory, which can lead to distortions of the original memory trace. The second part are devoted to empirical verification of the hypothesis that the media information distorts the eyewitness memory of an event.
9
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POZNAŃ WALDEMARA ŻYSZKIEWICZA

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EN
The article focuses on the theoretical works of Douwe Draaisma, Tomasz Maruszewski and Małgorzata Czermińska. Żyszkiewicz’s poems revolve around the theme of deportees from Lvov settling down after WWII in Poznań, an area where German culture was cultivated. In the poems, a connection is made between the poet’s memory and specific features of the city’s topography.
EN
The article reflects upon the works of Andrzej Bart and Zbigniew Kruszyński, concentrating on how urban space is correlated with the category of identity. The most useful here then seems geopoetic reading with its concepts of history’s influence upon geography (and different visions of Polish identity), biography and space identity, mythologizing urban space (Łódź in Bart, Radom and Wrocław in Kruszyński), and the relationship between autobiographical memory and space experience. Additionally, of special importance here is the interaction between movement and stability and between sedentariness and nomadism.
XX
In this paper, the author emphasises that the events of the twentieth century, in particular the Holocaust, are (post) traumatic not only for a particular nation but for humanity in general. Any denials only confirm the deep collective and cultural footprint of the horrific experience the mankind has gone through. An attempt is made here to analyse the memories of Martha Goren (Winter) by using the psychological concepts of M. Hirsch, C. Caruth, J. Lacan, D. Laub, R.J. Lift on, D. Taylor, Sh. Felman, S. Freud. The author, who was born in Chortkiv in 1935 in the family of a Jewish lawyer and pharmacist, tells the readers of her experience in the face of horrors of the Holocaust. According to the article’s author, the writing is one of the most effective ways to find release because the victim’s becoming the author enables her to distance herself from the experiences as she contemplates a time of horrific events. By using the technique of exact writing, Martha Groen avoids descriptions of her own feelings and emotions. Thus, one of the important post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms is a defence mechanism that shuts down an emotion (the so-called numbness effect). A number of problems that the Jewish girl has encountered in her life are identified in the text: self-identity problems, the survivor syndrome, and the post-traumatic stress disorder. All of these collective and cultural traumas overlapped and amplified each other.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu są wspomnienia autobiograficzne powstające spontanicznie, bez wcześniejszej intencji ich przywołania, w populacji osób zdrowych. Mimowolne wspomnienia odróżniono od wspomnień intruzywnych oraz wspomnień proustowskich. Zaprezentowano podstawowe obszary badawcze w dziedzinie wspomnień mimowolnych, stosowane w ich obrębie metody oraz najważniejsze wyniki dotychczasowych badań. Wskazano również na najważniejsze kierunki dalszych badań i największe dla nich wyzwania.
EN
This article is devoted to autobiographical memories that come to mind without preceding attempt to retrieve in non-clinical group. Involuntary memories are distinguished from intrusive memories and Proustian involuntary memories. The research domain of involuntary memories is presented in terms of main research problems, methods and current empirical results. The authors also raise the most important questions and challenges for future research.
EN
The article was inspired by the essays of George Simmel, the German philosopher who wrote " Bridge and door" and the book by Douwe Draaisma, the Dutch theoretician of memory, "The Fabric of nostalgia. About the phenomenon of mature memory" (2010). I discuss the phenomenon of the autobiographical memory of the poet, or reminiscence. Representation of this memory in the poetry of Białoszewski has been featured in examples: anamnesis, commemoration, oblivion. Botanical themes fulfil the features of the medium for memory.  
PL
Artykuł został zainspirowany esejami Georga Simmla, niemieckiego filozofa (Most i drzwi) oraz książką Douwego Draaismy, holenderskiego teoretyka pamięci, Fabryka nostalgii. O fenomenie pamięci wieku dojrzałego (2010). Omawiam zjawisko osobistych wspomnień poety, czyli reminiscencje. Reprezentacja pamięci w poezji Białoszewskiego została przedstawiona na przykładach: anamnezy, upamiętnienia, zapomnienia. Botaniczne motywy pełnią tu funkcję medium pamięci.
PL
W artykule poddano analizie pamięć autobiografi czną jako proces spowodowany chęcią pamiętnikarza-adresanta głębiej wniknąć w swoje wewnętrzne „Ja”, jak najlepiej zrozumieć samego siebie, swoją przeszłość, osiągnąć sens istnienia. Określono subiektywne czynniki, które wpływają na zdolność pamięci do transformacji. Skoncentrowano uwagę na sytuacji medialnej pamięci autobiografi cznej w strukturze dyskursu pamiętnikarskiego, wskazano na jej zdolność identyfi kacji autora - nadawcy wypowiedzi. Przedstawiono niezbędne dla wielostronnego rozumienia  achanizmów pamięci autobiografi cznej funkcje intersubiektywną, intrasubiektywną oraz egzystencjalną, wyodrębniono markery językowe, które biorą aktywny udział w dyskursie pamiętnikarskim. Dyskurs pamiętnikarski omówiono jako szczególny rodzaj dialogu pamiętnikarza z samym sobą, z umownym nadawcą-odbiorcą, epoką, przyszłością.
EN
The article deals with the analysis of an autobiographical memory as a process caused by the desire of the diary-addresser to penetrate into his inner self more deeply, to understand himself, his past, and to comprehend the meaning of his being. The subjective factors influencing its ability to transform have been revealed. The attention has been focused on the medial position of an autobiographical memory in the structure of a diary discourse, its meaning in identifying the author-communicant has been emphasized. The intersubjective, intrasubjective and extrasentative functions necessary for a versatile understanding of the mechanisms of autobiographical memoryare have been identifi ed. The language markers that actively 'work' in the diary discourse have been singled out. The diary discourse is considered as a special dialogue of the diary writer with himself, with the imaginary communicantrecipient, the era, the future.
PL
Autorka artykułu wychodzi od rozważań na temat rozumienia terminu „autobiografia” przez znawców tematu i jej roli. Następnie przedstawia wyniki analizy wątków autobiograficznych, obecnych w pisemnych pracach 136 słuchaczy rozpoczynających studia polonistyczne. Analizując zebrane wytwory, podejmuje się próby zdiagnozowania m.in. miejsca, postaw słuchaczy nawiązujących do historii własnego życia szkolnego, ich namysłu nad nauczycielskimi sposobami postrzegania uczniów i celu takich zapisków. Zwraca też uwagę na rolę emocji oraz pamięci indywidualnej przeszłości w tworzeniu wspomnień szkolnych, rozwijaniu rozmaitych nawyków myślenia o uczniu, nauczycielu, literaturze. Traktując owe zapiski także jako diagnozę problemów szkoły i polonistyki szkolnej, pisze o dużym znaczeniu takich refleksji dla ich autorów, odbiorców oraz dla edukacji szkolnej i uniwersyteckiej.
EN
The author of the article begins with a discussion of how specialists in the field understand the term “autobiography” and what its role is. Then, she presents the results of an analysis of autobiographical elements present in texts by 136 students starting Polish studies. In analysing the collected works, she diagnoses the places and attitudes of students who referred to stories from their own school lives, their considerations about their teachers’ ways of perceiving pupils, and the purpose of such texts. She also indicates the roles of emotions and the recollections of the personal past in creating school memories, and developing various ways of thinking about pupils, teachers, and literature. In treating those texts as diagnoses of the problems of school and school Polish education, she discusses the importance of such observations for their authors, readers and for school and university education.
EN
The article indicates the importance of the category of experience in the interpretation of oral history recordings. Using the “stepwise” model of interpreting records, the article shows how the category of experience interacts with other possible levels of understanding of the story: language (narration), autobiographical memory, historical context and informational content.
PL
Artykuł wskazuje na znaczenie kategorii doświadczenia przy interpretacji nagrań historii mówionej. Posługując się „schodkowym” modelem interpretacji nagrań, autor pokazuje w jakie relacje kategoria doświadczenia wchodzi z innymi możliwymi poziomami rozumienia opowieści: języka (narracji), pamięci autobiograficznej, kontekstu historycznego oraz zawartości informacyjnej.
EN
The article contains reflections on the anthology of autobiographical texts Jestem, bo wrócili. Przywracanie pamięci w setną rocznicę bieżeństwa (“I am, because they came back. Restoring memory on the hundredth anniversary of the bieżeństwo”; Białystok 2017) that were a result of a memoir competition. I read the texts as a tool for shaping the autobiographical collective memory (to use Astrid Erll’s term) as they present the mass exodus of civilians from the Eastern borderlands of Russia in 1915. The postmemory testimonies (to use Marianne Hirsch’s term) of the descendants of the bieżeńcy make up a „unified archive” (Sidonie Smith, Julia Watson) that appears in the form of individual memories. Due to the heterogeneous, multicultural nature of the territories covered by the bieżeństwo (the lass exodus of civilians in 1915), the formation of the memory framework about this experience is very complex. It seems that “transcultural memory” and “traveling memory” (Astrid Erll) provide a suitable research framework. In this case, such metaphors of memory are materialized in the image of the trunk that appears in many texts.
PL
W artykule znalazły się refleksje na temat pokonkursowej antologii Jestem, bo wrócili. Przywracanie pamięci w setną rocznicę bieżeństwa, potraktowanej jako narzędzie kształtowania autobiograficznej pamięci zbiorowej (kategoria Astrid Erll) o exodusie ludności cywilnej z zachodnich rubieży Rosji w 1915 roku. Postpamięciowe świadectwa potomków bieżeńców składają się na „ujednolicone archiwum” (Sidonie Smith, Julia Watson), nadające formę indywidualnym wspomnieniom. Ze względu na heterogeniczny, wielokulturowy charakter ziem objętych wysiedleniem kształtowanie się ram pamięci o tym doświadczeniu jest bardzo złożone – adekwatną kategorią badawczą okazuje się „pamięć transkulturowa” i „pamięć wędrująca” (Erll). Za jej metaforyczną materializację uznać można obraz kufra, powracający w wielu tekstach.
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