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PL
Jedną z form turystyki poznawczej jest turystyka ornitologiczna, zwana także birdwatchingiem. Polska posiada ogromny potencjał przyrodniczy, a turystyka ornitologiczna rozwija się coraz prężniej, dlatego tak ważne jest, by była właściwe rozumiana i organizowana. Celem pracy przegląd informacji o turystyce ornitologicznej oraz prezentacja podstawowej wiedzy na temat awifauny w Polsce. Ważne jest, aby w turystyce ornitologicznej brały udział osoby już przygotowane pod względem wiedzy i zachowań – świadome i odpowiedzialne. W procesie zdobywania wiedzy istotne jest samokształcenie oraz wiedza na temat najbliższego otoczenia – środowiska przyrodniczego w miejscu zamieszkania. Instalowanie budek lęgowych, karmników oraz tablic z opisami i rysunkami ptaków w parkach miejskich i ogrodach może odegrać szczególną rolę w procesie edukacji przyrodniczej. W terenach otwartych, oprócz szlaków i ścieżek edukacyjnych, istotna będzie harmonijna z naturalnym krajobrazem infrastruktura, która służąc turyście do obserwacji, jednocześnie będzie ochronić przed nim przyrodę, w tym przypadku ptaki, np. wiaty, czatownie, ścianki i wieże widokowe. Współcześnie interesującą formą zdobywania wiedzy i kształtowania postaw może być przynależność do forów internetowych oraz stowarzyszeń a także udział w imprezach ornitologicznych. W przypadku terenów chronionych należy rozważyć obserwację za pośrednictwem kamer internetowych.
EN
The studies on bird mortality along 12 transparent acoustic barriers near roads in Bielsko-Biala (Poland) were conducted from March to October in 2017. The aim was to characterize avifauna striking glass barriers and to relate frequency of collisions to time, developmental stage, sex, vicinity of noise barrier. During the breeding season of birds, 102 collisions of birds with screens, belonging to 25 species, were found. The most collisions were found in June, when 29 victims were observed. In this month, the largest number of juveniles (imm.) was also determined - 17 victims, the lowest number of collisions was at the end of the breeding season (September and October), where the number of collisions did not exceed 7 victims. The largest family of birds hitting the screens are Paridae, which account for as much as 31.4% of all victims. The largest number of collisions occurred with the participation of adults (ad - 68.) while 34 were young victims. The most active young birds were in June, when 17 collision victims were found. From the side of the road, as many as 60 fatalities were observed, while from the other side of the habitats - 42. As for the sex of individuals, most probably there were males (42), and there were 28 females. We conclude that acoustic screens should have nontransparent: stickers, stripes, dots, foils or be replaced by greening walls or earth embankments.
EN
The process of mythologization of avifauna has been analyzed in order to study the relation between man and nature, and more precisely, between the Renaissance humanism and natural sciences. One issue is puzzling in this field – why did educated and well-read humanists mythologize nature, including the avifauna? Why did authors, for whom in principle criticism was an elementary indicator for perceiving reality, got rid of it so easily? 16th century authors with humanist education did not reconstruct nature but art, and they searched for its ideal in ancient works filled with mythologization of the nature. Humanist erudition required describing mythical animals and equally mythical symbolic of those animals. In this way one could prove that he knew ancient texts well. Reconstruction of such nature as it really existed was an attitude that was unworthy of a humanist artist. Hence the store of knowledge and ignorance that existed in those times was translated into a particular, often mythologized, text written by a Renaissance author.
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