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Body composition and basal metabolic rate in pregnant women

100%
Bhardwaj S., Verma D., Kapoor S.
Anthropological Review
|
2013
|
vol. 76
|
issue 2
163-171
EN
Pregnancy, a milieu of physiological and metabolic adaptation, is associated with enhanced basal metabolic rate by alteration in maternal tissue and metabolism to ensure foetal growth and development. A cross-sectional study of Indian Baniya females was conducted to assess the relationship between basal metabolic rate and body composition during pregnancy. The 20-40 year old female subjects were broadly categorized in two groups; pregnant (N=198) and non-pregnant (N=35).Anthropometric measurements of each subject included height and weight, with basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM) and total body water (TBW) assayed by bioelectric impedance body composition analyzer. The descriptive statistics revealed pregnancy associated weight gain, increased FFM, FM, TBW and BMR with marked changes during the second and third trimesters. Although multiple linear regression analysis showed substantial change in BMR due to both FM and FFM, fat-free mass contributed to a much lesser extent. Pregnancy, as an anabolic phase of the female reproductive cycle, is associated with metabolic flexibility which alters the relationship between body composition and BMR. These findings however require further validation in longitudinal design studies.
2
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Teoria metronomu błonowego – od błon komórkowych do tempa metabolizmu podstawowego (BMR)

51%
Czajkowska M.
Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa
|
2015
|
issue 2
11-19
PL
Tempo metabolizmu podstawowego (BMR) jest cechą określającą minimalne, energetyczne koszty przeżycia organizmu. Zwierzęta, w tym ludzie, różnią się pod względem wartości tej cechy. W 1999 roku Hulbert i Else, opierając się na licznych badaniach porównawczych zmiennocieplnych i stałocieplnych gatunków zwierząt o różnej masie ciała, zaproponowali mechanizm tłumaczący w prosty sposób obserwowaną zmienność BMR. Tak powstała teoria metronomu błonowego (ang. membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism), zgodnie z którą BMR zależy od składu lipidowego, a w konsekwencji płynności błon komórkowych. Praca ta wyjaśnia pojęcie tempa metabolizmu podstawowego, opisuje teorię metronomu błonowego, wskazuje na rolę desaturaz, tj. ważnych enzymów szlaku przemian kwasów tłuszczowych w kształtowaniu BMR, a także przybliża problematykę związaną z zespołem metabolicznym i procesami starzenia się oraz sugeruje praktyczne wykorzystanie opisanej teorii w komponowaniu codziennej diety człowieka.
EN
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) quantifies the minimal energetic cost of life of the organism. Animals, as well as humans, differ with respect to this trait. In 1999, based on the numerous comparative researches on ecotherms and endotherms species of animals that differ in body mass, Hulbert and Else have proposed the mechanism explaining in the simple way observed differences in BMR. They have formulated the membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism, according to which BMR depend on lipid composition of biological bilayers. This paper explains the concept of basal metabolic rate, describes the membrane pacemaker theory of metabolism, points out the role of desaturases in BMR, which are the important enzymes in fatty acids metabolism, and finally addresses the problem of metabolic syndrome, as well as suggests the practical usage of the theory described in the human daily food plan.
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