Search results - CEJSH

1

The Roma sorceress in 18th century Hungarian sources

100%

Tóth P.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2023

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vol. 26

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issue 1

116-124

EN

18th century sources confirm the observations of cultural anthropology that Roma women played an important role in the sustenance of their families. In a gatherer lifestyle, their primary task was to get food. However, the social environment strongly restricted gathering therefore they had to apply different techniques. From among these, the most important one was the activity relying on beliefs which formed the image of the ’Roma witch’ for the surrounding society. It is important to note, however, that these beliefs were always those of the surrounding society and not those of the Romas themselves as otherwise, they would not have worked (similarly to the way Roma musicians played the music of the surrounding society and not that of their own community). In accordance with this, witchcraft (fortune-telling, binding or loosing love ties, the ability to see treasures, etc.) was also a service provided almost exclusively by women. And as the surrounding society (or at least, a part of it) had a demand for this service, it also became possible for its providers to get into areas closed for them, where they could continue the ’gathering’ following from their lifestyle.

2

Context-related Beliefs about L2 Language Learning and Teaching of the Millennial Pre-service EFL Teachers as a Prognosis for Future Classroom Actions

100%

Szyszka M.

Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition

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2023

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vol. 9

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issue 1

1-20

EN

The qualitative study presented in this paper aimed to collect beliefs about learning and teaching English as a foreign language (EFL) from individual representatives of the generation frequently referred to as the millennials. The participants were 47 pre-service EFL trainee teachers from four socio-cultural contexts: Finnish, Israeli, Polish, and Spanish. Their voices have been considered because beliefs are dynamically related to actions and soon the millennial EFL teachers may implement them in the course of their teaching. The contextual approach, followed in this research, provided opportunities for discussing similarities and differences in the beliefs of Finnish, Israeli, Polish, and Spanish pre-service teachers. The identified similarities lead to outlining a tentative picture of a universal, future, post-pandemic EFL classroom.

3

Using Unstructured Cognitive Maps to Analyse the Reflective Thinking of Teachers: Results of Qualitative Research

100%

Sántha K.

The New Educational Review

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2020

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vol. 60

151-164

EN

In recent years, discourse in education sciences has focussed on the study of the reflective thinking of teachers. Researchers, however, do not agree on how the reflective thinking of teachers can be measured. This qualitative study looks for an answer to the question whether a cognitive map is suitable for the discovery of teachers’ reflections. The study analyses the reflections of a secondary school teacher of mathematics using an unstructured cognitive map. The sample was selected on the basis of availability. The analysis of the map was done deductively, in a concept-driven way, on the basis of the number of contacts (edges) and concepts, central, peripheral and isolated concepts and their degrees, and the levels of the map. The teacher involved was recorded commenting on the process of map-making, which was then transferred to writing. The text corpus was then analysed inductively, in a data-driven way. The results show that the teacher interpreted his own activity - which depends on pedagogical knowledge, beliefs and pedagogical situations - in a complex manner. The filter function of beliefs can be observed when the teacher’s activities and thinking did not match because some internal and external factors. The data from the map contributed to analysis of reflections and the analysis of the map added new elements to existing techniques.

4

Teacher Trainees’ Beliefs Concerning Efficient Teaching and Learning – Pedagogical Spaces in Focus

100%

Kálmán S.

The New Educational Review

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2019

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vol. 55

17-29

EN

The paper focuses on discovering the relationships between pedagogical architecture and classroom didactics. It is looking for an answer to the question what beliefs teacher trainees have about pedagogical spaces, what connections they see between efficient learning and the organisation of pedagogical spaces, and how they would organise space during their own teaching practice. During the study, two methods were used: unstructured reflective diaries (N=29) and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). The key point of fsQCA data analysis was the conversion of qualitative data into fuzzy sets. This process was done in several steps. Results shed light on the functional space model of the school, and highlighted the significance of individual, social, learning, and private spaces. The complex space representation of the students showed the school architecture, the inner world of the institution, forms, colours, and the unity of objects and internal space. All this has an effect on methodological culture as non-classical space organisation facilitates the use of new generation methods.

5

Expert views on the evolution – creation controversy. A survey report

88%

Bugajak G., Tomczyk J.

Studia Philosophiae Christianae

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2020

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vol. 56

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issue 4

29-52

EN

This paper presents sample results from a poll conducted among experts (scientists, philosophers and theologians) regarding the roots of the controversy between the evolutionary account of human origin and religious convictions about creation. It appears that the position one takes in this controversy is influenced much more by one’s opinions than professional background. The controversy is usually only seemingly ‘solved’ at the level of a priori assumptions, erroneous definitions of ‘evolutionism’ and ‘creationism’, semantic viewpoints, epistemological positions and pragmatic choices. The core issues in the controversy (e.g., the role and meaning of chance in random evolutionary factors versus divine providence, or problems stemming from a body-soul dualistic anthropology) are widely neglected and do not play a significant role in deciding one’s views on the matter.

6

On the Unrestraint in Beliefs

88%

Melikhov G. V.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2014

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issue 3

36-39

EN

This article studies the unrestraint in beliefs associated with the overemphasizing of our beliefs. The author argues that the intolerance for other points of view appears (among other factors) because of a naively-objectivist understanding of philosophy, one which is based on two assumptions: first, philosophy is considered only as a theory and not an individual practice, not an experience, and second, the truth is considered as identical to a certain ideal-objective content that can be in one’s possession. There are true ideas and proper words. If we learn these ideas, we will definitely seize the truth. The author opposes this understanding the notion of philosophy which is based on the experience of the encounter and upon reflexive comprehension of this experience. It is possible to minimize unrestraint in beliefs if we assume that all the points of view including our own are considered as belonging to the incomprehensible Absolute.

7

Relationships between personality traits, general self-efficacy, self-esteem, subjective well-being, and entrepreneurial activity

88%

Zięba M., Surawska M., Zalewska A. M.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2018

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vol. 49

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issue 2

8

Unveiling the relationship between language learning beliefs, emotions, and identities

88%

Ferreira Barcelos A. M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

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2015

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vol. 5

|

issue 2

301-325

EN

Several authors (Frijda, Manstead, & Bem, 2000; Van Veen & Lasky, 2006) suggest that emotions, cognitions, and identities are intrinsically related. Authors in social psychology (Fiedler & Bless, 2000; Frijda, Manstead, & Bem, 2000; Rosiek, 2003) have considered how beliefs are particularly sensitive to affective influences and how emotions, cognitions, and identities are intrinsically related. Understanding this relationship would help researchers to reveal complex key issues in beliefs research, such as the relationship between beliefs and action. Yet, although research on beliefs in applied linguistics goes back to the 70s and 80s, there has been scant connection with emotions and identities. This paper aims to reflect on the relationship between beliefs, emotions, and identities by looking at these coconstructing, overlapping concepts to advance our understanding of language learning and teaching. Through a review of studies on beliefs, emotions, and identities within applied linguistics and other areas, I illustrate how beliefs and emotions are intrinsically and interactively related, and how beliefs within a socio-historical context influence the construction of identities. Identities influence the kinds of emotions and beliefs that individuals attribute to themselves and to others. Emotions, in turn, can influence identities and how we construct them. Implications for research on beliefs, emotions, and identities are suggested.

9

Unveiling the relationship between language learning beliefs, emotions, and identities

88%

Ferreira Barcelos A. M.

Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching

|

2015

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vol. 5

|

issue 2

301-325

EN

Several authors (Frijda, Manstead, & Bem, 2000; Van Veen & Lasky, 2006) suggest that emotions, cognitions, and identities are intrinsically related. Authors in social psychology (Fiedler & Bless, 2000; Frijda, Manstead, & Bem, 2000; Rosiek, 2003) have considered how beliefs are particularly sensitive to affective influences and how emotions, cognitions, and identities are intrinsically related. Understanding this relationship would help researchers to reveal complex key issues in beliefs research, such as the relationship between beliefs and action. Yet, although research on beliefs in applied linguistics goes back to the 70s and 80s, there has been scant connection with emotions and identities. This paper aims to reflect on the relationship between beliefs, emotions, and identities by looking at these coconstructing, overlapping concepts to advance our understanding of language learning and teaching. Through a review of studies on beliefs, emotions, and identities within applied linguistics and other areas, I illustrate how beliefs and emotions are intrinsically and interactively related, and how beliefs within a socio-historical context influence the construction of identities. Identities influence the kinds of emotions and beliefs that individuals attribute to themselves and to others. Emotions, in turn, can influence identities and how we construct them. Implications for research on beliefs, emotions, and identities are suggested.

10

Constructivist Beliefs of Latvian Mathematics Teachers: Looking into Future

88%

Šapkova O.

Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability

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2011

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vol. 13

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issue 1

99-112

EN

The aim of the research is to clarify the profile of constructivist/traditional beliefs sustained by the mathematics teachers in Latvia. The research sample comprised 390 mathematics teachers representing all regions of Latvia. The present study is part of an international research within the NorBa project "Nordic-Baltic comparative research in mathematics education" that makes use of a quantitative questionnaire elaborated by project participants. The initial results show that the beliefs of Latvian teachers of mathematics on efficient teaching are oriented more towards a constructivist approach, yet there exist significant differences of teachers of different social and demographical groups in their beliefs on approaches in teaching and effective instruction. The obtained results provide a possibility to develop pre-service teacher education and teachers' professional development courses in order to assure sustainability of the learning process.

11

Selective Exposure on Polish Political and News Media Facebook Pages

88%

Matuszewski P.

Polish Sociological Review

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2019

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vol. 206

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issue 2

177-198

EN

Increasing numbers of citizens rely on social media to gather both political and non-political information. This fact raises questions about belief formation and belief updating in the social media setting. Using Facebook data on users’ behaviour in Poland in 2017, I test the hypothesis that individuals tend to like content that confirms their beliefs. I measure the political preferences of nearly 1.4 million users who were active on the main political and news media pages and classify them as being supporters of certain political organisations or as being politically unaffiliated. Based on the principles of analytical sociology, I construct a theoretical model that may explain the results. According to the model, users tend to like posts from only one source of information. There are also statistically significant differences in the news media preferences of supporters of different political organisations. They are prone to like posts published by sources that accord with their views. The model also correctly predicts that politically unaffiliated users choose media outlets that are considered unbiased or less biased. The results support the hypothesis that users of social media prefer exclusive or near-exclusive sources of information.

12

Belief in others’ trustworthiness and trusting behaviour

88%

Macko A., Malawski M., Tyszka T.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2014

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vol. 45

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issue 1

43-51

EN

Data from surveys indicate that people, in general, do not trust others. On the other hand, in one-shot trust games, where the player decides whether to send money to an anonymous partner, the actual rate of trust is relatively high. In two experiments, we showed that although reciprocity expectations and profit maximization matter, they are not decisive for trusting behaviour. Crucial factors that motivate behaviour in trust games seem to be altruism and a type of moral obligation related to a social norm encouraging cooperative behaviour. Finally, we were able to divide participants into specific profiles based on amount of money transferred to the partner, altruistic motivation, and belief in partners’ trustworthiness. This shows that the trust game is differently perceived and interpreted by different participants.

13

A REPORT OF SEXUAL MEANINGS: SEXUAL DISTURBANCES FROM A COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE

88%

Lukács E.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2011

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vol. 66

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issue 1

109-120

EN

The disturbances of the cognitive organisation have a high importance in the pathogenesis of sexual dysfunctions thereby as a special meaning attribution ways shape the sexual self-definition and play a mediatory role in creating physiological, affective and behavioral responses. In the sexual information process the activation of culturally influenced sexual scripts and myths has a crucial importance as well as dysfunctional sexual attitudes, schemas, and action modalities.

14

The Mystery of Vlach Magic in the Rural Areas of 21st century Serbia

88%

Ivkov-Džigurski A., Babić V., Dragin A., Košić K., Blešić I.

Eastern European Countryside

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2012

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vol. 18

61-83

EN

This article offers an ethnographic exploration of the Vlachs in the Branicevo region of Serbia. The Vlachs rarely exist anywhere as a distinct ethnic group due to their permanent assimilation with other ethnic groups. The thing that has always been linked to the folklore of the Vlachs and still attracts a large number of people to come and visit some remote parts of Eastern Serbia is definitely a certain mystery which represents the essential part of the culture of this nation. Instances of Vlach magic can be seen in the Timok area, all over Eastern Serbia and across its borders. Vlach magic is a miracle or is miraculous, when looking at how long it has been present, its unique rituals, beliefs, shamans and spells. Vlach culture intertwined with pagan customs and interesting rituals, makes the municipalities in Eastern Serbia mysterious places in modern 21st century Europe, because the Vlachs are a mostly closed (endogamous) population which do not blend with people of other nationalities.

15

Przekonania osób rozwiedzionych na temat powtórnych małżeństw – ich pomiar i rola w osiąganiu satysfakcji małżeńskiej

88%

Kołodziej A., Przybyła-Basista H.

Polskie Forum Psychologiczne

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2014

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vol. 19

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issue 2

190-208

EN

The main objective of this study was to develop a Polish version of the Remarriage Belief Inventory (RMBI; Higginbotham, Adler-Baeder, 2008) and evaluate its psychometric properties. Data were collected from a total sample of 262 divorced people. The statistical analysis confirmed satisfactory psychometric properties of the developed Polish version of RMBI. The structure of the Polish version of RMBI obtained in a factor analysis was similar to the original one – exploratory and confirmatory analyses validated the seven-factor structure. The second objective of this study was to explore the role of beliefs about remarriages in the assessment of marital satisfaction. The sample comprised 107 remarried individuals. The regression analysis showed that among the seven original remarriage beliefs statistically significant predictors of marital satisfaction were the following three: (i) success of stepfamily is slim, (ii) new partner is perfect, and (iii) stepfamilies are second-class. Further research on this topic is needed.

16

Formal reconstruction of notions of belief, utterance and trust

87%

Piechowicz R.

Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce

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2020

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issue 68

63-77

EN

Problem of epistemic activity and their relationship with language is very well known in philosophy. Undertaking this challenge in this article we shall present some logical constructions apparent in these issues. More precisely we want to describe some difficulties of formal reconstruction of the notion of belief and utterance and try to find broader perspective appointed by notion of trust. To realize this goals article shows how non-formal assumption about doxa affects on its formal construction. Then, logic of utterances-mainly based on Conversational Implicatures theory-and its relation to doxastic systems is discussed and, finally, article shows that more accurate description of these two notions needs broader perspective created by BIT system proposed by Ch-J. Liau.

17

Priče iz folklorne tradicije poluotoka Pelješca

75%

Tomelić Ćurlin M., Ćurković D.

Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne

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2012

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issue 3

EN

The paper presents a research of Croatian folklore tradition of the central part of the Pelješac peninsula included various aspects of traditional culture: from legends, beliefs and customs to poems, stories, adverbs, etc. A special regard was given to the beliefs in the supernatural forces. The main purpose of the paper is to show that folklore tradition is not a relic of the past, but rather a natural part of life in this community.

18

Nazwy demonów powietrznych w historii języka polskiego

75%

Krótki Z.

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

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2016

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vol. 16

EN

The analysis was undertaken concerning the ancient names of air ghosts and spirits in this article. The written material gathered from all available lexicographical sources registered the ’lexis’ to the end of 18th century. The author used the old texts and literature for example: Postępek prawa czartowskiego przeciwko narodowi ludzkiemu and Pogrom czartowskie błędy, latawców zdrady i alchemickie zdrady jako rozpłasza. As was evidenced the vintage names of air spirits were structured as a form of three ’pictures’ such as: 1. ‘given to fly’, 2. ‘given to whistle’, 3. ‘the fire in the sky’ the key figure among these creatures was latawiec who was taken as a satan’s helper other demons were treated as an entities who plagued the human kind with bad meteorological aura. Some of them took a revenge on the people for disturbance of their peace and quiet (for instance – południca). Others were the creatures who did a penance. Some characters existed to teach people how to do a husbandry. The author took a notice that there’s no way to reconstruct the full measure of meanings because of the gaps in the written text.

19

Ethnography of Singapore Chinese Names: Race, Religion, and Representation

75%

Leng L.

Lodz Papers in Pragmatics

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2011

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vol. 7

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issue 1

101-133

EN

Singapore Chinese is part of the Chinese Diaspora. This research shows how Singapore Chinese names reflect the Chinese naming tradition of surnames and generation names, as well as Straits Chinese influence. The names also reflect the beliefs and religion of Singapore Chinese. More significantly, a change of identity and representation is reflected in the names of earlier settlers and Singapore Chinese today. This paper aims to show the general naming traditions of Chinese in Singapore as well as a change in ideology and trends due to globalization.

20

Religious values in the value orientations system of students on the example of the Tyumen region

75%

Savickaya Y. P., Koltunova Y. I., Derikot T. E.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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2022

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vol. 53

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issue 2

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