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EN
Celem artykułu jest ustalenie, czy dokument Konrada mazowieckiego dla biskupstwa płockiego z 1203 r. jest falsyfikatem i kiedy został sporządzony. Analiza wykazała, że dokument powstał pod koniec XIV w., natomiast opisane w nim uposażenie biskupstwa płockiego pochodzi z początku XIII w. The purpose of the paper is to ascertain if the document of Konrad of Masovia is a forgery and when it was made. Its analysis showed that it was written up at the end of the 14th century, while the possessions of the bishopric of Płock described in it come from the beginning of the 13th century.
EN
The following were discussed in the archival context: the place of storage, state of preservation, physical description and reasons why the 1650 inventory of the Płock bishopric has been little used by researchers. The discussion was conducted against the background of the achievements of Polish historiography in the matter in question, as well as the state of preservation and the content of other inventories of the Płock bishopric from the 16th-18th centuries, preserved in the Diocesan Archives in Płock. Then, the origin and course of the 1650 inspection and review, carried out on the initiative of the bishop of Płock, Karol Ferdynand Waza, were presented. The author presented the contents of the inventory broken down into descriptions of 139 villages, 47 granges, 7 towns and briefly characterized the other items of the contents. They pointed to the extensive possibilities of using the source in research on the economic history of Mazovia against the comparative background of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, social relations, the structure of farm size, settlement and onomastics.
PL
Omówiono w kontekście archiwistycznym: miejsce przechowywania, stan zachowania, opis fizyczny i przyczyny małego wykorzystania przez badaczy inwentarza dóbr biskupstwa płockiego z 1650 r. Omówienia dokonano na tle osiągnięć historiografii polskiej w przedmiotowej kwestii oraz stanu zachowania i zawartości innych inwentarzy biskupstwa płockiego z XVI-XVIII wieku zachowanych w Archiwum Diecezjalnym w Płocku. Następnie przedstawiono genezę i przebieg lustracji z 1650 r., przeprowadzonej z inicjatywy biskupa płockiego Karola Ferdynanda Wazy. Autor przedstawił treść inwentarza w rozbiciu na opisy 139 wsi, 47 folwarków, 7 miast i krótko scharakteryzował pozostałe treści. Wskazał na szerokie możliwości wykorzystania źródła w badaniach nad historią gospodarczą Mazowsza na tle porównawczym Korony, stosunków społecznych, struktury wielkości gospodarstw, osadnictwa i onomastyki.
PL
Alexander of Malonne – persona mixta: militant bishop at the edges of the Christian world and his historiographical portraitThe narration of the Master Vincentius dedicated to Alexander of Malonne (Chronica Polonorum, bk. III, chaps. 8–9), the bishop of Płock (1129–1156) is undoubtedly the most intriguing evidence addressing the commitment of the Polish medieval bishop in military action. Although such information goes well with other evidence indicating the aristocratic style of this bishop’s ministry resembling those of “courtier” Reichsbischof, Michał Tomaszek has already pointed out that motives as well as the entire construction of Vincentius’s story are the evidence of the chronicler’s reference to some early medieval literary patterns. This analysis makes it even clearer, highlighting however, that the chronicler while creating the portrait of Alexander of Malonne entered the more contemporary discourse on the admissibility limits of bishop’s military activity.The analysis shows that the starting point for the chronicler’s writing were the views of Bernard of Clairvaux stigmatizing all the possibilities of combining the attitudes appropriate for a warrior and a cleric. Vincentius, however, benefited from the “loophole” left by Clairvaux abbot and some canonists, which granted the permission to combine these two responsibilities with the restriction that actions taken by bishop would not cause the destruction of his spiritual perfection or pastoral function, and hence they would not change him into a chimera-monster. Being influenced by the idea of bishop as a persona mixta or gemina persona, the theory assuming the possibility of using two kinds of weapon (two swords) by the Church or even some views of St Bernard stated in his Liber ad Milites Templi de laude novae militiae, Vincentius advocated clearly for the possibility of getting the diocesan involved in the military sphere. The applied strategy aiming at the legitimization of Alexander’s actions, reveals Vincentius’s broad knowledge of arguments defending military prerogatives attributed to episcopacy, and says a lot about the chronicler itself, who did not have to be so ardent supporter of the Church reform as it is quite commonly believed.
EN
The issue of the episcopal palace – or villa – in Brok has been addressed in numerous studies. The nearly complete destruction of the structure, however, made it difficult to conduct in-depth research into its original architecture and to define the circle of its potential builders. The function of the building and the relevant terminology were unclear as well, since some sources referred to it as a castle. On the basis of visual documentation and hitherto unknown and unused written sources, the article presents new findings on the architecture of the palace, enabling its full reconstruction. These findings not only materially supplement its construction history, but also open up interesting research perspectives on the questions of the palace’s stylistic origins, the builders involved in its construction, its function, significance, and finally the place it occupied in the residential architecture of Poland in the first quarter of the 17th century.
PL
Problematykę biskupiego pałacu czy też willi w Broku podejmowano w licznych opracowaniach. Niemal całkowite zniszczenie zabytku utrudniało jednak prowadzenie pogłębionych badań nad jego pierwotną architekturą i zdefiniowanie kręgu potencjalnych budowniczych. Funkcja budowli oraz jej nazewnictwo również pozostawało niejasne, ponieważ w niektórych materiałach określano ją jako zamek. Na podstawie dokumentacji wizualnej i dotychczas nieznanych oraz niewykorzystanych źródeł pisanych przedstawiono w artykule nowe ustalenia na temat architektury pałacu, umożliwiające jego pełną rekonstrukcję. Ustalenia te nie tylko uzupełniają w istotny sposób historię budowy, ale też otwierają interesujące perspektywy badawcze dotyczące kwestii genezy stylistycznej, wykonawstwa, funkcji, znaczenia, wreszcie miejsca, jakie pałac zajmował w architekturze rezydencjonalnej Polski 1. ćwierci XVII stulecia.
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