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Association between the high risk occupations and bladder cancer in Iran: A case-control study

100%
Khoubi J., Pourabdian S., Mohebbi I., Tajvidi M., Zaroorian O., Giahi O.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2013
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vol. 26
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issue 2
205-213
EN
Objectives: The objective of this work was to identify the high-risk occupations in Iran and to re-inspect occupations that were related to bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: In the study, 300 patients suffering from bladder cancer and 500 control individuals were interviewed. Demographic information, occupational history, and history of exposure to chemical compounds such as aromatic amines for each participant were collected. ORs and 95% CIs were calculated using unconditional logistic regression for each occupation. Results: There was a significantly increased risk of bladder cancer among truck and bus drivers (OR = 11.3), skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers (OR = 6.0), metal industry workers (OR = 6.0), domestic housekeepers (OR = 5.9), and construction workers (OR = 3.8). Conclusions: The study showed a strong correlation between truck and bus drivers, skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers, metal industry workers, domestic housekeepers, as well as construction workers and the increased risk of bladder cancer in these occupations.
2
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Gene-occupation interactions: a review of the literature on bladder and prostate cancer

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Wieczorek E., Wolniakowska A., Roszak J., Rodrigues R. M., Vanhaecke T., Reszka E.
Medycyna Pracy
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2023
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vol. 74
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issue 2
127-144
EN
Bladder cancer (BCa) and prostate cancer (PCa) are genitourinary cancers which constitute significant health problems in men and in which environmental factors play an important role. Understanding the genetic susceptibility to BCa or PCa and occupational exposure is paramount to improving cancer prevention and early detection. The aim of this review article was to address the scientific evidence on the genetic risk factors and occupational exposure associated with the occurrence of BCa and PCa. The authors identified relevant original articles that have been published between 1994 and 2023. Variations of the following search terms: “gene” and “occupational” combined with one of the following terms: “bladder cancer” or “prostate cancer” were applied for the search purpose. The authors found 342 publications of which 50 population studies met their requirements for gene-occupation interactions. In total, 34 full-text manuscripts were about BCa and 16 about PCa. These research examines the genes involved in detoxification processes of xenobiotics (glutathione S-transferase, N-acetyltransferase, cytochrome P450, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase), oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase 1, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase), altering DNA repair capacity (X-ray repair cross-complementing 1, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair), tumour suppression (TP53 gene), and vitamin D pathway (vitamin D receptor gene). The role of genetic factors in the occupational exposure has not been conclusively established, but it appears the possibility of genetic involvement. Determination of environmentally responsive genes provides important mechanistic implications for the etiology of occupational cancers, and valuable input in occupational exposure limits set by taking genetic susceptibility into account. More genetic research is needed to corroborate these findings and assess their significance in the workplace. Med Pr. 2023;74(2):127–44
3
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2-naphthylamine toxicity

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Czubacka E., Czerczak S.
Medycyna Pracy
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2020
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vol. 71
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issue 2
205-220
EN
In the past, 2-naphthylamine (2-NA) was used for the production of azo dyes, as an antioxidant in the cable industry and in the rubber industry. Despite the fact that 2-NA is not produced on an industrial scale, it is still used in small quantities as a model bladder carcinogen in laboratories, and also for sewage control, water analysis and oxytocinase assays. In addition, it is detected in the air in coke ovens, where it is formed as one of the pyrolysis products. The main aim of this work is to provide an actual literature review for health risk assessments related to 2-NA which is still used in laboratories. Occupational exposure to 2-NA is important for the respiratory tract, mucous membranes and the skin, and, to a lesser extent, for absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. It is absorbed into the body through the skin and by inhalation, and then undergoes metabolic changes. Most of the absorbed 2-NA dose is excreted in the urine, in the form of metabolites, metabolites conjugated to acids, and even in an unchanged form. Based on literature data, the effects of 2-NA toxicity in sub-chronic and chronic exposure include contact dermatitis, chronic cystitis and bladder cancer. The authors have concluded that it is recommended to determine the occupational exposure limit which will allow preparing the exposure assessment of people at work. Med Pr. 2020;71(2):205–20
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Cystektomia radykalna w Polsce – co się zmieniło przez 15 lat. Ocena porównawcza według skali pTNM na podstawie wybranych prac

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Borkowski K., Różański W.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
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2020
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issue 2
83-90
EN
Radical cystectomy is the gold standard of therapy in bladder cancer that infiltrates muscularis mucosae. The nature of changes in the form of bladder cancer treatment was assessed in scientific papers based on the pTNM scale in Poland over a 15-year period (2002–2017). Simple statistical tools were used for that purpose on the basis of publications of eleven academic and other centers. The number of patients was 1502 and the average age of the patients who underwent the surgical operation was 64,5 years. Despite the passage of years locally advanced forms of pT3 and pT4 neoplasm, that constitute more than 50% of cases, are still treated with surgery. The forms of muscularis mucosae that infiltrate bladder cancer with good prognoses – pT2 – do not exceed 30% of the patients operated on.
PL
Złotym standardem w leczeniu raka pęcherza moczowego naciekającego mięśniówkę jest cystektomia radykalna. W pracy oceniono charakter zmian formy leczenia raka pęcherza moczowego na podstawie skali pTNM w Polsce w okresie 15 lat (2002–2017). W tym celu zastosowano opisywanie danych oparte na szeregu statystycznym na podstawie wybranych publikacji z jedenastu ośrodków urologicznych. Liczba chorych wynosiła 1502, a średnia wieku operowanych – 64,5 lat. Mimo upływu lat nadal chirurgicznie operuje się postaci zaawansowane lokalnie nowotworów pT3 i pT4, które stanowią ponad 50% przypadków. Postaci raka pęcherza moczowego naciekającego mięśniówkę dobrze rokujące – pT2 – nie przekraczają 30% operowanych chorych.
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