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EN
The paper presents an overview of research into books and their types conducted after the Second World War by Polish bibliologists. The scholars were interested mostly in academic books, popular books as well as books for children and young people. They explored their characteristic features, presented them as elements of the publishing repertoire as well as serial publications, and discussed their development in various periods. Less interesting to them were the structure and typology of books. In recent years there have emerged studies devoted to electronic books as objects of bibliological research. Research into books and their types is also conducted by specialists from other disciplines: historians, historians of literature and education. Their results are also interesting to bibliologists.
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Paradygmaty nowej dyscypliny

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PL
Cel: Celem artykułu jest analiza przesłanek skłaniających do określenia paradygmatów dyscypliny nauki o komunikacji społecznej i mediach w kontekście nowej klasyfikacji dziedzin i dyscyplin nauki. Metody badań: Przy założeniu, że w nowej dyscyplinie dominują przedstawiciele dotychczasowej nauki o mediach oraz bibliologii i informatologii istotne jest podjęcie dyskusji tożsamościowej, wyodrębnienie subdyscyplin oraz udoskonalenie narzędzi badawczych. Wyniki i wnioski: W artykule przedstawiono chronologiczny i problemowy zarys rozwoju badań mediów w Polsce, szczególnie po 2011 roku, z uwzględnieniem aktywności Polskiego Towarzystwa Komunikacji Społecznej. Wartość poznawcza: Zwrócono uwagę na potencjał wynikający z połączenia dyscyplin autonomicznych charakteryzujących się multigenetycznością i otwartością.
EN
Scientific objective: The aim of the paper is to analyze the premises that lead to the definition of paradigms of media and social communication in the context of new classifi cation of fields and disciplines of science. Research methods: Assuming that the new discipline is dominated by representatives of the current media science, as well as book studies and information science, it is important to undertake an identity discussion, identify sub-disciplines and improve research tools. Results and conclusions: The paper presents a chronological and problematic outline of the development of media research in Poland, especially after 2011, including the activity of the Polish Society of Social Communication. Cognitive value: Attention is drawn to the potential resulting from the combination of autonomic disciplines characterized by multigenic aspects and openness.
PL
Początki myśli bibliologicznej na Białorusi w związku z pojawieniem się i rozwojem tamtejszego piśmiennictwa. Kształtowanie się na Białorusi księgoznawstwa jako nauki od przełomu XVIII/XIX wieku. Ścisłe jego związki z bibliografią, historią i filologią oraz działalnością naukową uczonych polskich, rosyjskich i litewskich. Powstanie i rozwój właściwej białoruskiej nauki o książce w związku z kształtowaniem się tożsamości narodowej Białorusinów od 1918/1919 roku. Położenie podwalin pod rozwój podstawowych zasad teoretycznych i metodologicznych w badaniach nad kulturą książki. Powstanie instytucji publicznych zajmujących się problematyka bibliologiczną. Autonomia białoruskiej nauki o książce w stosunku do szkół księgoznawczych rosyjskiej, polskiej i ukraińskiej. Zintegrowany charakter problematyki kultury książki na Białorusi, włączenie problematyki badawczej i metodologii księgoznawstwa do innych dyscyplin naukowych (szczególnie historii i historii literatury). Współczesne czasopisma księgoznawcze i specjalistyczne księgoznawcze serie wydawnicze oraz ich rola w rozwoju białoruskiej nauki o książce.
EN
The aim of the article is to examine the origins, directions of development, methodological assumptions and research categories in Belarusian bibliology as an autonomous academic discipline. An analysis of the most important achievements of books studies in Belarus, the beginnings of which as a science go back to the turn of the nineteenth century, has enabled the author to formulate a number of research hypotheses. Of key importance to the development of Belarusian bibliology were historical studies — they laid the foundations for the modern book science theory, as it was only thanks to research into book history that it became possible to formulate the theory of books studies, the role and place of the book in scholarship, research methods and conceptual apparatus of the discipline. An important role in the development of the methodology of bibliological research in the second half of the twentieth century was played by the studies of the Polish scholar Krzysztof Migoń. A considerable role was also played by the methods developed for the needs of bibliography and library science. The origins and evolution of bibliology in Belarus were and are inextricably linked to the role of the book as a means of disseminating and recording the achievements of the human thought, to the traditions of society’s intellectual development, cultural identity of the Belarusian people as well as the general knowledge of book culture. Belarusian bibliology has some significant achievements to its credit, both in historical studies and in book theory and methodology of book studies. As a result, it is possible to speak of the Belarusian book studies school, which is characterised by: 1) the use of interdisciplinary research methodology as well as scholarly interaction with disciplines like philosophy, culture studies, bibliography studies and information studies; 2) development of axiological and phenomenological research; and 3) development of international collaboration in order to make the Belarusian book studies recognisable in international academia. A considerable role was and still is played by bibliological journals, which are a platform for presenting scholarly achievements in the discipline (they include Кнігазнаўчыя чытанні, Кірыла-Мяфодзіеўскія чытанні, Берковские чтения) as well as publication series devoted to the subject.
EN
The article presents fragments of the text by Antoni Wincenty Kwiatkowski (1890-1970) „Theory of psychosphere and its bibliological method” signed with his alias Antoni Starodworski, and being stored in the Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford Unviersity. This is a synthetic monography of a book culture in the USSR in the 20-30s of the 20th century. In the author’s interpretation, theory and practice of book studies agreed with marxist-lenninism ideology was a system of social engineering serving communist indoctrination, upbringing “a Soviet man” (homo sovieticus), as well as development of the communist society and the USSR.
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