Search results - CEJSH

1

EUROPA (BEZ) GRANIC? – PRZYSZŁOŚĆ STREFY SCHENGEN

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Cymbranowicz K.

Polityka i Społeczeństwo

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2019

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issue 2(17)

65-85 (21)

EN

The article ‘Europe (without) borders? – the future of the Schengen area’, is meant to join the public discourse concerning one of the biggest problems and challenges faced by the member states of the Schengen area in recent years. The aim of this article is to reflect on the future of the ‘Europe without borders’ project in the context of the migration processes that took place in Europe and the surrounding regions after 2015. Descriptive, comparative methods were used along with an analysis of available documents and source materials. In conclusion, the (un)controlled inflow of immigrants to Europe after 2015 clearly indicates that during the crisis, the current system of border protection did not pass the ‘test’ and the necessity of making systemic changes on a common Schengen forum became inevitable. Once again it turned out how true is an African proverb: ‘If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together’.

2

Trudny początek. Nowe sąsiedztwo i osadnictwo polskie nad Nysą Łużycką w dokumentach i materiałach z lokalnego archiwum niemieckiego

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Ruhland K.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2018

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vol. 73

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issue 2

119-132

EN

The article presents an analysis of source material kept in the municipal archives of the city of Görlitz concerning post-war Polish-German contacts and the beginnings of Polish settlement along the Lusatian Neisse. Documents, correspondence and summaries of Polish press articles illustrate not only the contacts of German local administration with the new neighbour, but also constitute an important source for understanding the situation of the population on both sides of the border.

3

Routiniertes Sprachverhalten an der deutsch-polnischen Grenze aus diachroner Perspektive (Beispiele für Redemuster in Deutsch)

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Nadobnik R.

Linguistische Treffen in Wrocław

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2023

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issue 23

113-134

EN

The paper deals with conventionalised linguistic formulae that once were or still are in use in communication when crossing the German-Polish border. The research material for this analysis comes from selected German-Polish phrasebooks, from the first printings in the 16th century to recently published editions. Numerous examples of German expressions regarding the specified area are excerpted from the contents of the above-mentioned reference works, then grouped thematically and presented chronologically, sometimes with brief commentary. The aim here is to present expressions used repetitively in language interaction between travelers and customs officials at border control points retrospectively. In addition, reference is made to the (im)politeness and emotional charge of the language used at the border. The analysis carried out showed that the language formulae used at border control points have not changed much over the course of time, starting from the 19th century. Furthermore, it was determined that the communication between customs officials and travelers in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century relied on a large number of conventionalized politeness formulae. In the more recent examples, the language used is also polite, though the formulaic expressions are different as the manner of linguistic politeness itself has changed over the years. In addition, it was possible to find out which regulations applied at the German-Polish border. The present study thus represents a contribution to sociopragmatics while also addressing phraseological issues from a diachronic perspective.

4

Questions of Language and Culture in Erzsébet Juhász’s Border Novel

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Romoda R.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica

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2014

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vol. 6

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issue 1

63-72

EN

The paper gives an account of the linguistic and cultural questions dealt with by Erzsébet Juhász in her novel Határregény [Border Novel]. It attempts to interpret the novel and to present the relations of its heroes to their environment. The narration covers the areas in which cultural and ethnic diversity, as well as linguistic colourfulness are present due to the coexistence of different nations. The novel’s central theme is spatial separation and separation evoked by political borders; the concept of border is introduced as early as in the novel’s title. The story of the Patarcsics is an inter-generational family story. Its members are characterized as people struggling with identity crisis and the uncertainty of national belonging. Wartime events, the behaviour and the way of thinking of families torn apart by border changes-with the mentality becoming the legacy of the next generation-are perfect reflections, illustrations of changes forced upon human lives pushed to the periphery. Not only identity and language loss, language replacement but introversion, seclusion and distantiation can also be observed at some characters. The work is exposing ruptures created by wars, and how these ruptures transform identity and cultural heritage, only to show us later how a new culture and mentality are created.

5

Effect of Transport and Communication Connections on the Peripherality of the Border Areas of the Lubelskie Voivodship

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Meksuła M. W., Grzechnik L.

Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy

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2015

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issue 1(39)

53-57

EN

The article discusses the impact of the national border of the transport and communication accessibility of the Lubelskie Voivodship, and therefore its peripherality. The paper is based on the analy¬sis of changes in the transport and communication infrastructure over the last century. After 1945 a unified transport system was replaced with two, almost entirely separated from each other. The political changes after 1989 had no effect on the functioning of the transport or communication system. The newly established countries, namely Belarus and the Ukraine, began functioning within the borders of the former Soviet republics, inheriting all of the features of the communication systems of the Soviet Union. Poland’s accession to the European Union and joining the Schengen Area, were significant moments for the peripherality of the discussed area. The Lubelskie Voivodship became a peripheral zone not only of Poland, but also of the European Union.

PL

Artykuł jest próbą przyjrzenia się wpływowi granicy państwowej na dostępność komunikacyjną regionu, a tym samym na jego peryferyjność. Pracę oparto na analizie zmian infrastruktury komunikacyjnej przygranicznych obszarów Lubelszczyzny na przestrzeni ostatnich 100 lat. W okresie międzywojennym województwo lubelskie znajdowało się w centrum Polski, a omawiany teren połączony był z resztą kraju licznymi i różnorodnymi połączeniami komunikacyjnymi. Zasadnicza zmiana w funkcjonowaniu sieci komunikacyjnej następuje po wybuchu II Wojny Światowej. W 1945 roku nowopowstała, wschodnia granica Lubelszczyzny stała się jednocześnie granicą państwową pomiędzy Polską i ZSRR. Zmiany sytuacji politycznej po 1989 roku, nie spowodowały zmian w funkcjonowaniu komunikacji gdyż nowopowstałe państwa — Białoruś i Ukraina. Istotnym momentem dla peryferyjności omawianego obszaru było wejście Polski w 2004 roku do Unii Europejskiej oraz do układu z Schengen w 2007 roku. Sprawiło to, że województwo lubelskie stało się nie tyko strefą peryferyjną Polski ale również i Unii Europejskiej.

6

Border Crossing Between East and West. Fascination with Japanese Culture in Doris Dörrie's Movies

100%

Grabka N.

Anthropos?

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2018

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issue 27 W ruchu

112-123

XX

This article is an attempt to analyze two films of a German director Doris Dörrie: Kirschblüten - Hanami (2008) and Grüße aus Fukushima (2016), created with the fascination by Japanese culture. This fascination, which is important in Wolfgang Welsch's theories becomes a point of departure for the transcultural interpretation. In this context, the meeting of cultures is not a binary opposition, but includes the entanglement of both sides in the complex cultural networks. And the natural transcultural mind that Wolfgang Welsch sees in the Japanese, can also characterize the German director. In these two films the author looks for various elements representing different cultures, accepting the surface character of research, which according to Krystyna Wilkoszewska takes into account the surface knowledge of another culture, if it leads to an in-depth study of our culture. The border crossing being showing one's own and the other as two sides of the same coin, resembles the Japanese-painted face of a buto dancer, which contrasts with his black, braided hair, which in turn is mediated from the aesthetics of expressionism. Differences between characters and cultures are therefore not a contrast between two homogeneous cultures but inside the transcultural network. In the transcultural network the journey of film characters takes place through the butoh dance process, which is intertwined with the road symbolism. Also the name of the butoh dance reveals a connection with traversing the road. The word butoh was created from two complex ideograms: "bu" - meaning dance, and "toh" - means a step. The step of the butoh dancer Yu from Kirschblüten - Hanami or the elegant geisha Satomi from Grüße aus Fukushima is therefore a step of traversing Europeans - Rudi and Marie – trying to find themselves and rebuild their lives.

7

Germany - Two Demographically Different States?

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Szymańska D., Środa-Murawska S., Biegańska J.

Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series

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2008

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vol. 10

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issue 10

85-92

EN

The paper is an attempt of an answer how belonging to different political, economical and cultural structures has influenced diverse population processes and structures and their spatial diversity. As an example to the research of these phenomena there was chosen Germany that until 1990 were two separated socio-political and economical formations (the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany FRG). This state, with a population number about 82 millions presently, as it turns out - besides passage of time - is characterized all the time by some diversity of procreation behaviors, population processes and structures in the Eastern (Ost) and the Western part (West) of Germany. It is claimed, the structures are going to some similarities, but the 15 years period (1990-2005) was too short to level all stated demographical differences and trends (1).

8

Językowe pogranicza polszczyzny

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Bednarczuk L.

Gwary Dziś

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2017

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vol. 9

85-158

9

Ustalenia wielkich mocarstw w sprawie granicy na Odrze i Nysie w świetle zasad prawa międzynarodowego

100%

Grochalski S. M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2011

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vol. IX

51-60

EN

The paper presents the doctrine of international law with reference to the legality of the decision concerning the Polish-German border, which was taken after the Second World War by the superpowers. The author underlines that as far as the international law is concerned, the process of formation, demarcation of border is an effect – on the one hand – of political decisions; on the other one – of legal-international settlements. In this context, he analyzes the Yalta Agreement, Berlin Declaration and Potsdam Agreement. The principles of pacta tertis nec nocent nec prosunt with reference to that of pactum in favorem tertii and pacta in detrimentum tertii are analyzed in a special manner in the presented material. The author analyzes, too, in the context of the border, the Zgorzelec Pact of 1970, which was signed by Poland and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG). He underlines the importance and significance of the multilateral treaty signed in Moscow on 12 September 1990, and – primarily – the agreements signed by Poland and the FRG on 14 November 1990.

10

Edward Stachura "po zewnętrznej stronie urwiska"

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Małczyńska A.

Studia Slavica

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2013

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vol. 17

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issue 2

197-201

EN

I start the paper with the assumption that Edward Stachura’s transgressions were his means to approach something that is most important. This is clearly visible in the internal and external borders of literature that he enjoyed crossing so much. His work could be characterized not only in terms of hybrid, crisis and ultimate end, but also as existing on the literary margins, or even further, „outside the cliff”. What I am trying to prove is the concept that while talking about what is outside literature, Stachura used the language of literature. Therefore, his literary output possesses plenty of points opening themselves for a kind of other space. Besides the poet’s and his fictional protagonists’ direct words, the urge to cross the borders of literature can be noticed in such editorial practices as the suggestive usage of blank pages, or special endings of some of his pieces,which implied not only the end of something, but also the beginning of something new. Together with Stachura’s unique interest in the concept of wholeness, oneness and totality, all these aforementioned practices prove that his literature can function as an example of works that Roberto Calasso called „absolute literature”.

11

Strefa Schengen – gdzie jesteśmy i dokąd zmierzamy? Przyszłość projektu „Europy bez granic” w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego 2015+

100%

Cymbranowicz K.

Przegląd Zachodni

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2020

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issue 1 (374)

101-121

EN

In the history of the European Union (EU) the first decades of the 21st century were an exceptional time. One of the greatest successes of subsequent generations, which set the tone and direction of the Community policy, and later the EU, was the creation of a single internal market in the EU territory until the end of 1992, with four economic freedoms. In this context, it is impossible not to mention the successful implementation of the EU project ‘Europe without borders’, of which the so-called Schengen zone is a vivid reflection. The purpose of this article is to try to answer the question concerning the present and the future of this project. Therefore, the analysis and assessment will be made of the functioning of the Schengen area before and after the migration crisis that erupted in Europe, and then the possible scenarios of its development will be discussed. This seems justified due to the fact that today we still anxiously observe how the 2015+ migration crisis is changing the EU, causing waves of doubt about the ideas and values that guided the founding fathers of the European Communities from the beginning and later accompanied other leading European politicians on the road to achieve full integration within the EU.

12

Rosyjsko-ukraiński konflikt o archipelag wysp Kosa Tuzla: historia, przebieg, konsekwencje

100%

Kłaczyński R.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Politologica

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2014

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issue 12

108-118

EN

The article discusses one of conflicts between Russia and Ukraine that still throws shadow on their relationship. As the future was to show, a small group of islands whose affiliation was subject to a political dispute that lasted a couple of weeks (although there was also a quasi-military solution) was one of the first serious conflicts between Moscow and Kiev after Ukraine regained its independence. It started a series of various disagreements. Their primary aim was for Russia to regain strategically important influences in the region of the Black Sea and, more broadly speaking, in the post-Soviet area. For Ukraine, each of these conflicts meant fighting for its sovereignty. Thus, determination of both sides is no wonder.

13

Being in Transit: Space, Identities, and Belonging

100%

Landoy E. S. S.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2019

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issue 1

205-216

EN

As of 2017, 65.6 million individuals have been displaced from their homes, fleeing their homelands in search of refuge from the violence, oppression, and chaos of civil war. While there are clearly very strong humanitarian reasons to allow refugees to enter and make new homes and lives for themselves, some object because they prioritise the cultural identity of their country. Some have security issues about refugees being “terrorists;” some are concerned about the economic impact of refugees. These are but few of the many reasons why the refugee crisis has been a subject of debates, both political and philosophical. The mass movement of people across internal and external borders only proves that there are certain aspects of the human condition that cannot be confined within the strict idea of territories and nation-states, that the political and legal approach in organising the interaction and relationships between people is deficient. I argue that there is a need to recalibrate all existing ideologies in relation to the interactions and relationships between peoples coming from different parts of the world. In order to do this, I intend to examine the current legal norm and connect it to cosmopolitan ethics that are grounded on the idea of spatiality. Elucidating on the ideas presented by thinkers such as Seyla Benhabib, Anthony Kwame Appiah, Gloria Anzaldua, and Tetsuro Watsuji, I argue that to fully actualise cosmopolitan ethics we must investigate how space operates in the existence of man—a deterritorialised existence found in the borders.

14

Typologie saských náboženských vlivů a jejich projevů u evangelických obyvatel severočeského příhraničí v 19. století

100%

Zeman V.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2012

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vol. 99

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issue 4

427-444

EN

The Patent of Toleration of the year 1781 cleared the way for activities of two Protestant churches in the Habsburg Monarchy. In the two borderland regions chosen for analysis - the regions of Děčín and Šluknov - the Protestant inhabitants were affected by the religious influences from Saxony that acquired various forms. From the period before the year 1620 there was, exceptionally, preserved the Lutheran religion, whose followers visited churches on the Saxon side of the border. Also, the regions were continuously settled by Saxon immigrants who were not organized within the structures of the Augsburg confession. Only after the commencement of industrialization and the subsequent wave of Saxon immigration was made possible the establishment of independent Protestant choirs. Absolutely exceptional was the Lutheran choir of Saxon officials in Podmokly that was founded after railroad had been finished in 1851. Already before the year 1850 the mission of the renewed Unity of Brethren from Herrnhut instigated the popular religious movement. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century, religious propaganda of the movement „Away from Rome“ (Los von Rom), in many cases supported from Saxony, found response in these regions. The typology of religious influences from Saxony and their manifestations on the Bohemian side of the border, established on the basis of the examples of Děčín and Šluknov regions, could be used for the nineteenth century also for other borderland regions inhabited predominantly by German-speaking population.

15

Stan bezpieczeństwa terenów przygranicznej Lubelszczyzny po delimitacji granicy państwowej w latach 1944-1947. Próba analizy problemu

100%

Wawryniuk A.

Historia i Świat

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2013

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issue 2

185-215

EN

The most common reason for armed conflicts outbreak is the desire to expand the territories. “The scars of the history” – the new areas which are the results of such actions create many problems of social or cultural nature. Due to the fact that minority population lives at the crossroads of two states causes that the most significant difficulty is safety. In the paper an overview of the Lublin border ethnic relations, including the Polish - Ukrainian relations during the Second World War and the tragic period just after its end are presented. What is empathized is the fact that the mentioned period was a time when in the common Polish-Ukrainian history numerous examples of kindness, compassion, or even good neighborly relations occurred. These gestures proved peaceful coexistence between the two nations was possible. An unknown number of Red Army soldiers, maybe a small group, committed crimes on Polish territory. The fact is important and verified with a specific documents. The used scans of documents and photos come from the New Acts Archives of Tomaszow Lubelski and the Regional Museum in Lublin.

16

Neighbourhood as a Cultural and Social Issue

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Falski M.

Colloquia Humanistica

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2015

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issue 4

EN

Neighbourhood as a Cultural and Social IssueThe neighbourhood is a broad category, which is present throughout sociological and cultural research. Of course, articles of the latest issue of "Colloquia Humanistica" do not exhaust the problem. However, we present crucial texts that relate to rarely undertaken issues, some of which might even be considered pioneering. We hope that they will be inspiring for researchers who are interested in the humanities and cultural studies, and once again we are pleased that we have been able to create an issue that is not merely declaratively, but truly interdisciplinary, and yet consistent. We try to present an understanding of the neighbourhood that emerges from the presented texts. The connotation they are most concerned with is that of exchange and opening, of contact, which is based on upholding the borders of one’s group – and of oneself, one’s own space, but at the same time, on opening to other people and the need for communication during which communities and people define themselves. The neighbourhood and contact are also the basis for the exchange processes, the thwarting of which can lead to the most dangerous phenomena for the functioning of societies. Sąsiedztwo jako problem społeczny i kulturowySąsiedztwo jest szeroką kategorią, obecną w badaniach socjologicznych i kulturowych. Artykuły najnowszego numeru „Colloquia Hmanistica“ oczywiście nie wyczerpują zagadnienia. Przedstawiamy jednak bardzo istotne teksty, które odnoszą się do zagadnień rzadko podejmowanych i czasem wręcz pionierskich, jak w przypadku artykułów Olimpii Dragouni i Kamila Wieleckiego. Mamy nadzieję, że będą one inspirujące dla badaczy związanych z humanistyką i kulturoznawstwem, i po raz kolejny cieszymy się, że udało nam się stworzyć numer nie tylko deklaratywnie, lecz rzeczywiście interdyscyplinarny, a jednocześnie spójny.Spróbujmy przedstawić rozumienie sąsiedztwa wynikające z zaprezentowanych tekstów. Zwróćmy uwagę przede wszystkim na konotację wymiany i otwarcia, kontaktu, który z jednej strony opiera się na zachowaniu granicy grupy – jednostki, jej przestrzeni własnej, z drugiej zaś na otwarciu na innego i konieczności komunikacji, podczas której wspólnoty i osoby definiują się. Sąsiedztwo i kontakt stanowią też podstawę dla procesów wymiany, a ich uniemożliwienie prowadzi do zjawisk najgroźniejszych dla funkcjonowania społeczeństw.

17

Transcultural Experience and Multiple Biographies as a Research Topic

100%

Falski M.

Colloquia Humanistica

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2014

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issue 3

EN

Transcultural Experience and Multiple Biographies as a Research TopicTransculturality refers to the traditional understanding of culture as self-contained, concentrated around its own center and producing clear borders. “Trans” signifies the act of crossing; it signifies overcoming such borders. It looks at phenomena, people, and notions that are not limited to one communicational environment, but are represented in multiple locations, or contexts. Or rather-they cannot be fully ascribed to one “culture,” because they exhibit, traits of both (or more) cultures. Culture studies often describe, also, people with “trans” life stories; it is not a matter of simple crossing of borders, living a bit in one environment and a bit in another. The point is that their sense of belonging is of a mixed, ambiguous character, and their identity is blurred. It is a question of practices that they draw from two or more sources, creating a peculiar amalgam characteristic of living “in between.” Transculturality, just like multiple biographies, means both partial belonging and dual belonging, which is very well illustrated by the case studies presented in the volume: they have in a way, varied roots, which means they bear unique, hybrid fruit. Doświadczenie transkulturowe i biografie wielorakie jako temat badawczyTranskulturowość odnosi się do tradycyjnego pojmowania kultury jako samowystarczalnej, skoncentrowanej na sobie i wytwarzającej wyraźne granice. Przyrostek „trans” oznacza akt przekraczania tak wytyczonych granic. Kategoria transkulturowości skłania do patrzenia na zjawiska, biografie i pojęcia jako coś, co nie ogranicza się do jednego środowiska komunikacyjnego, lecz występuje bądź przejawia się w wielu miejscach i kontekstach. Można też powiedzieć, że nie można ich przypisać do jednej „kultury”, ponieważ reprezentują cechy dwóch (lub więcej) wspólnot kulturowych. Studia kulturowe często zajmują się osobami, czyje historie życia mają taki właśnie charakter „trans-graniczny” charakter. Nie chodzi przy tym jedynie o proste przejście granic, życie trochę w jednym, a trochę w drugim środowisku. Istotne jest to, że poczucie przynależności staje się niejasne lub wielorakie. Pojawia się na przykład kwestia praktyk związanych z dwoma lub więcej źródłami wzorców, co tworzy specyficzny amalgamat życia „pomiędzy”. Transkulturowość, podobnie jak biografie wielorakie, oznacza zarówno częściową, jak i zróżnicowaną identyfikację, którą świetnie ilustrują studia przypadków przedstawione w trzecim numerze „Colloquia Humanistica”; można by rzec, iż mają one różnorodne korzenie, przez co rodzą wyjątkowe, hybrydyczne owoce.

18

Ule piiride liikuvad pered: lood mobiilsusest ja paigal pusimisest

88%

Siim P. M.

Mäetagused

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2014

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vol. 56

127-154

EN

In the research into migration, push and pull factors have for a long time been in the foreground, in addition to integration and the acculturation of mobile people settling in receiving countries. The starting point for integration-centred research has been the fact that the new country of residence is, or should be, also a new home country for the migrants. In this context, the transnational networks of migrants have not received enough attention, multi-locality being regarded rather as an exception. However, during the last two decades researchers have started to stress the parallel relations that people have to two or more states, meaning that it is possible even to talk about a transnational turn in the interdisciplinary field of migration studies. Drawing on fieldwork material, this article explores the experiences of multi-local families, whose members live some or most of the time separated from each other, in the transnational social space in an Estonian–Finnish–northwest-Russian context. The main research material consists of forty interviews the author has made between the years 2001 and 2004. Interviewees are former Soviet immigrants living in Finland, on the one hand, and their family members living in the country of origin (Russian Karelia and Estonia), on the other. By using narrative research methods, the author explores narratives of migration and border crossing – the possibilities and difficulties related to going beyond them. The aim has been to study transnational family life and narrating mobility from the perspective of different family members, taking into account the experiences of relatives who stay behind as well as those of children, in addition to adult migrants. The author is especially interested in the changes in family (life) caused by migration and the role of family storytelling in coping with these challenges. Mobility is narrated differently depending on the situation and the position of the narrator. Even during the same interview the motivations for relocation are described in different ways, picturing both a spontaneous move and carefully thought out decision. Different aspects are stressed in the migration stories told by adult family members as compared to those of children, unexpectedness of migration being more important in the narratives of the younger generation. Family members staying in the country of origin are more willing to talk about the negative sides of transnational family life, as well as about the problems encountered when keeping in touch with relocated family members. When narrating migration and transnational family life, people have to take into consideration the standpoints, expectations and possible disapproval of their relatives, acquaintances and members of surrounding societies. People rarely talk about unsuccessful migration or about the negative sides of family life, although these aspects can also be moulded into a positive key narrative that helps a person continue with his/her life. With the help of stories, it can also be easier to put into words feelings and attitudes that would otherwise be difficult to express. Sometimes feelings are also described through the experiences of other family members, for example children. The migration stories told during the interviews concentrate on relocations that took place in the recent past. When talking about the forced relocations or other hardships in the family history, the stress is on survival, on coping with problems. The stories about the persistence and courage of previous generations can also help people to cope with the present-day difficulties. Interviewees are generally aware of the historical relocations of their family members, although forced migration has not always been openly talked about even in the family circle. Along with experiences, fears related to them are often passed to younger generations. Interviewees have, for example, mentioned their fears related to the possible closing of borders. A number of stories also describe people’s first visits to Finland, reflecting the dynamics between their ‘own’ and the ‘foreign’ worlds. When family members move to other countries, they can become foreigners in the eyes of the relatives who remain. This can be fostered by the problems related to keeping in touch, which have been touched upon especially by older family members who stay in the country of origin. Keeping up a cohesive family feeling across national borders brings its own challenges, with which transnational families must deal.

19

Działalność Dyrekcji Kolei Rzeszy w Opolu w świetle materiałów zachowanych w Archiwum Państwowym w Opolu. Przyczynek do historii Górnego Śląska po podziale regionu między Polskę i Niemcy w 1922 r.

88%

Bereszyński Z.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2022

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vol. 77

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issue 3

107-131

EN

One of the consequences of the division of Upper Silesia made in 1922 was the creation of two separate railway directorates: Directorate of German National Railway in Opole and the Directorate of Polish State Railways in Katowice. Both directorates cooperated in matters regarding the maintenance of local railroad routes and cross-border exchange and transit rail traffic. As a general rule, both sides strived to amicably settle possible problematic issues. It was easy to find common language, free of political prejudice, when discussing professional matters.

20

Moving Borders, Changing Perspective. P. P. Carp’s Translations of Macbeth into Romanian

88%

Martole D.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2019

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vol. 11

255-267

EN

Shakespeare‘s Macbeth was translated into Romanian by at least ninetranslators, beginning with 1850, when the first Romanian translationwas published, and ending with the year 2014. P.P. Carp, an importantpolitical and cultural figure of the second half of the 19th centuryRomania, was the second translator of the play, and the first to haveused an English original version and not a French or Germanintermediary text. Our paper deals mainly with the first publication ofhis translation of the play in 1864 and touches upon the second editionpublished in 1886. We focus on the way in which some major andaccelerated changes in the Romanian language of the period arereflected in the text of the translation and, in spite of its subsequentsevere criticism, on Carp‘s linguistic competence and literary skill.

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