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The model of radio broadcasting in the second polish republic. Concepts – struggle for the license – experimental radio of the Polish radio technical

100%
Kaszuba E.
Społeczeństwo i Ekonomia
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2014
|
issue 1 (1)
133-153
EN
The Second Polish Republic was re-established as a whole composed of peripheral areas of three powers. In these circumstances, after regaining independence, the idea of restoring unity at various levels became the focus of the Polish raison d’etat. At that time the radio, which at the end of World War I revolutionised communication and the transfer of information, could prove useful in supporting the process of unifying the state and society by means of extensive propaganda campaigns. Two main attitudes were presented in a public debate on the shape of the national radio in Poland. The citizens’ movement promoted a model of the radio as a monopolistic organisation subject to the State, operating on the basis of a license and subscription, responsible for carrying out a mission for the benefit of the state and society. Polish Radio S.A. preferred the private and commercial model of radio. In this configuration, two interesting personalities faced each other, Zygmunt Chamiec with the support of Polish Radio and Stanisław Odyniec, a participant and co-coordinator of the social radio amateur movement for the development of national broadcasting, closely associated with the Polish Radio Technical Society.
2
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Zasady prowadzenia transmisji z posiedzeń Komisji Regulaminowej, Spraw Poselskich i Immunitetowych w Systemie Informacyjnym Sejmu

100%
Odrowąż-Sypniewski W.
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
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2023
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issue 2(78)
220-230
EN
The author notes the existence of a legal loophole in the Standing Orders of the Sejm with regard to the issue of consent for broadcasting committee sittings in the Sejm Information System. The systemic inconsistency between the Standing Orders of the Sejm, the Committee’s Rules of Procedure and the rules set forth in the resolution of the Presidium of the Sejm, on the basis of which broadcasts of committee proceedings are included in the Sejm Information System, makes it fundamentally difficult to resolve the doubts in this regard. By way of interpretation per analogiam, the author assumes that since the chairperson of a committee decides on the presence of media representatives at a committee meeting, it is also up to this body to decide on the broadcasting in the Sejm Information System.
3
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Finansowanie mediów publicznych w polityce medialnej UE. Przykład Polski, Węgier, Francji i Niemiec

88%
Miżejewski M.
Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
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2013
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issue 1(23)
219-247
EN
The article analyzes the issue of financing the public media as one of the most complex and controversial part of media policy in the European Union. European institutions have not opted for the specific model of financing, leaving the case to the member states. Using the examples of Poland and Hungary, the author shows how a broadcasting fee can be a bargaining chip for political purposes, and the announcements of the liquidation of such fees in election campaigns can result in further weak position of public broadcasters. In Hungary, receiving further grants and debt relief managed by the government was perceived as „payment for services” to the public broadcaster, rendered in favor of the ruling coalition. On the other hand, indicated examples of France and Germany show how consistently implemented media policy can create stable conditions for the development of public service broadcasters in those countries and provides protection of media pluralism.
4
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The impact of democratic conditionality on policy-making in Turkey: Minority rights and the politics of broadcast regulation

88%
Sümer B.
Central European Journal of Communication
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2009
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vol. 2
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issue 1(2)
99-112
EN
From the recognition of its candidacy status at the European Council Helsinki Summit in December 1999 to the start of accession talks in October 2005, Turkey has gone through a remarkable process of “Europeanisation” of its public policies to fulfil the candidate criteria. In this period, broad- casting has been one of the first areas that was subject to the European Union (EU) impact. By assert- ing its influence through the enforcement of democratic conditionality, specifically the Copenhagen criterion on “respect for and protection of minorities,” the EU required Turkey to lift all the restric- tions on the enjoyment of cultural rights in Turkey and allow broadcasts in languages other than Turkish, particularly in Kurdish. This article first develops a critique of EU democratic conditionality and then investigates the policy process behind this change in the language policy for broadcasting in Turkey. Turkey’s response to democratic conditionality was directly influenced by prevailing ideas about “the credibility of the EU” as well as calculations of the “costs of compliance.”
5
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Legal Aspects of the Sacraments at a Distance

88%
Świto L.
Philosophy and Canon Law
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2023
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vol. 9
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issue 1
1-9
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problem możliwości udzielania sakramentu małżeństwa, pokuty i eucharystii na odległość, tzn. przy wykorzystaniu technologii informacyjno-komunikacyjnych. Elektroniczne środki komunikacji sprawiają bowiem, że zmienia się nie tylko nasze rozumienie czasu i przestrzeni, ale również doświadczenie budowania wspólnoty i kontaktu z drugim człowiekiem. Przeprowadzona analiza skłoniła do postawienia wniosku, że biorąc pod uwagę dobro duchowe wiernych, szczególnie takich, którzy znaleźli się w niebezpieczeństwie śmierci lub na skutek wielkiej odległości lub z powodu izolacji nie mają dostępu do kapłana i realnej wspólnoty wiernych, a także fakt, że Stolica Apostolska nie udzieliła autorytatywnej odpowiedzi sprzeciwiającej się udzielaniu sakramentów za pomocą nowych narzędzi komunikacyjnych, nie należy tej formy z praktyki Kościoła wykluczać.
EN
The article addresses the problem of the possibility of administering the sacraments of marriage, penance and Eucharist at a distance, that is, using information and communication technologies. Electronic means of communication change not only our understanding of time and space, but also the experience of building a community and contact with other people. The conducted analysis led to the conclusion that taking into account the spiritual good of the faithful, especially those who found themselves in danger of death or as a result of a great distance or due to isolation, they have no access to a priest and the real community of the faithful, as well as the fact that the Holy See did not give an authoritative answer opposing the administration of the sacraments by means of new communication tools, this form should not be excluded from the practice of the Church.
6

Radio jako narzędzie zdobywania władzy (kampania prezydencka 2010)

75%
Śleziak M.
Oblicza Komunikacji
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2014
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vol. 7
129-142
EN
The article consists of two parts. The first examines the impact of the radio on mass communication as well as the way in which this invention was used in the 20th century by governments not only in Europe. The author briefly presents the functions and features thanks to which radio was seen as an attractive medium to disseminate ideas, information and propaganda. Radio used in the process of competing for power is the context in which the author discusses the Polish presidential campaign of 2010. The second part of the article is a case study, an analysis of three selected radio programmes in which politicians present themselves as presidential candidates and seek the votes of citizens.
7

Problematyka uzyskiwania osobowości prawnej w prawie polskim przez kościelne jednostki organizacyjne na przykładzie kościelnych rozgłośni radiowych i stacji telewizyjnych

75%
Wiśniewski P.
Roczniki Wydziału Nauk Prawnych i Ekonomicznych KUL
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2010
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vol. 6
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issue 1 Prawo
105-129
EN
In this publication there was discussed the issue of accepting the legal entity by the eccle- sial organizational unions in Poland on the example of ecclesial broadcasting ( radio and television). Only two churches that is the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church have their own broadcasting stations. According to the regulations there are four procedures of gaining the legal status by the ecclesial organizational unions. These are: the regulation procedure, the administrative procedure by way of notification the appropriate body of public authority; the administrative procedure by way of the decree of the proper ministry of religious matters and the procedure of judicial registration (this procedure is valid only to the Catholic Church). The result of gaining the legal status is that one ecclesial legal entity is not responsible for the commitments of the other ecclesial legal entity. The Catholic Church has got one nationwide radio station, 42 local radio stations, that are diocesan, parish and monastic radio stations and one television station. The Orthodox Church has got one radio station. The legal entity in the administrative procedure by the decree of the Minister of Interior and Administration have gained two Catholic radio stations and one Orthodox radio station. The legal entity in the procedure of judicial registration have also gained two radio stations and one television station. The rest stations have not made any effort to gain the legal entity.
8
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Of Polish politicians and (their) media. The pursuit of regulatory agency independence in Polish media law and practice

75%
Ożóg M.
Central European Journal of Communication
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2009
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vol. 2
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issue 1(2)
63-81
EN
The article discusses the issue of independence of the Polish Broadcasting Council, pro- viding an account of legislative solutions aiming to assure the Council’s independence as well as bar- riers in their practical implementation
9
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W sprawie pojęcia uczciwej reklamy w mediach zawartego w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II

63%
Grabowski M.
Studia Prawnicze KUL
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2017
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issue 4
101-123
EN
In the teaching of John Paul II there are suggested solutions relating to advertising in the media. Some are suitable to be directly included into Polish law, while others require "only" be translated to the correct Polish legal system legislative language.  Certainly, we have to deal with ready-made solutions that should be placed in  codes of ethic. The arguments contained in the teaching of John Paul II refers to the natural concepts of human good and the common good. Therefore the recommendations for advertising have a universal character. In Poland, the legal regulation concerning the promotion in broadcasting essentially corresponds to the demands of the Papal teaching on the honesty of advertising. It seems that the deficiencies in terms of the  honesty of advertising rather  apply to practice the application of the law. Visible is the lack of proper regulation in relation to promotion in printed press and electronic media, which are not subject to the regime of the law on broadcasting. There should be  changes to regulation of the promotion in all media.  This applies to the above lack of in this regulation. In addition, there is a need for changes leading to the adequate protection of the dignity of women, the rights of parents, independence of the media and political promotion, including electoral advertising.
PL
W nauczaniu Jana Pawła II zawarte są propozycje rozwiązań dotyczących reklamy w mediach. Jedne nadają się wprost do recypowania w polskim prawie, a inne wymagają „tylko” przełożenia na właściwy polskiemu systemowi prawnemu język legislacyjny. Z całą pewnością, mamy zaś do czynienia z gotowymi rozwiązaniami, które powinny znaleźć się w tzw. kodeksach dobrych obyczajów. Argumentacja zawarta w nauczaniu Jana Pawła II odwołuje się do prawnonaturalnych pojęć dobra człowieka i dobra wspólnego. Toteż postulaty dotyczące reklamy mają charakter uniwersalny. Obowiązująca w Polsce reglamentacja prawna dotycząca promocji w radiofonii i telewizji zasadniczo odpowiada postulatom papieskiego nauczania w sprawie uczciwości reklamy. Wydaje się, że braki w zakresie uczciwości reklamy dotyczą raczej praktyki stosowania prawa. Widoczny jest brak właściwej reglamentacji w odniesieniu do promocji w prasie drukowanej oraz tych mediów elektronicznych, które nie podlegają reżimowi ustawy o radiofonii i telewizji. Należy postulować, de lege ferenda, zmiany dotyczące reglamentacji promocji we wszystkich mediach. Dotyczy to powyższego braku w tej reglamentacji. Ponadto, zachodzi potrzeba zmian prowadzących do właściwej ochrony godności kobiet, praw rodziców, niezależności mediów oraz promocji politycznej, w tym reklamy wyborczej.
10
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What will be the future for Local Broadcasting in Norway?

63%
Biernacka-Ligięza I.
Central European Journal of Communication
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2010
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vol. 3
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issue 1(4)
147-166
EN
In the era of the market-driven media, the digital transition and the ‘new media’ reign we should consider what will be the future of local broadcasting. First of all, we should look at the broadcasting legislation process – especially changes connected with the rules and privileges given to the local and community broadcasters. Second point worth consideration is the case of the traditional local TV and radio stations in Norway. A few questions should be asked, for example: if the local TV/radio fulfils the local medium function; which is the dominant function for the local broadcasters; what will be the future of local TV/radio station; if web TV/radio replace traditional ones; what is the local programmes content etc. Third point which should be analyzed is the role of local TV and radio in creating local identity and local democracy. We should look at the local communication level from the wide perspective: relation global–local; globalization–glocalization.
11

New Trends in Production and Distribution of Episodic Television Drama: Brand Marvel-Netflix in the Post-Television Era

51%
Radošinská J.
Communication Today
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 1
4–29
EN
Episodic television drama is currently one of the most popular, profitable and variable forms of audio-visual media production. The author of the study focuses on its ability to appeal to people preferring ‘traditional’ modes of reception as well as to media audiences that spend a lot of their free time in the virtual world. New trends in production of dramatic television series and serials refer to importance of multimedia distribution platforms and fully acknowledge social networks as communication and advertising channels that are capable of actively encouraging the emergence and evolution of so-called “institutionalised fandoms”. The text aims to offer a set of theoretical outlines related to post-television era, placing emphasis on “brandcasting”, a term that has been developed in order to thoroughly reflect on processes of television branding which often result in hybrid communication forms merging media content and promotional material. The author also focuses on specific modes of producing, distributing and consuming episodic television drama in the context of so-called “over-the-top” television (OTT TV) or rather “connected” television. The addressed development tendencies are explained through an analysis of successful cooperation between two popular entertainment brands (Marvel Television and Netflix) that is built upon the contemporary ‘boom’ of superheroes and their stories. A basic assumption here is that television drama serials produced by Marvel and exclusively distributed by Netflix can be seen as hybrids of content and promotion which significantly expand Marvel’s global popularity and Netflix’s increasing influence in the sphere of digital media production and distribution.
12
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Historia i współczesność kazachskiego radia i telewizji

51%
Gierula M., Gierula J.
Rocznik Prasoznawczy
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2017
|
vol. 11
99-116
PL
Początki radia i telewizji kazachskiej są związane z rozwojem tych mediów początkowo w Imperium Rosyjskim, a następnie Związku Radzieckim. Artykuł przedstawia historyczne etapy rozwoju radia i telewizji w Kazachstanie. Autorzy wskazują na uwarunkowania techniczne i społeczno-polityczne rozwoju mediów elektronicznych na obszarze obecnego Kazachstanu. W materiale dokonana jest analiza struktury typologicznej zarówno radia, jak i telewizji współczesnego Kazachstanu. Analizuje także stan ustawodawstwa medialnego dotyczącego radia i telewizji. Przedstawione zostały także charakterystyki głównych stacji radiowych i kanałów telewizyjnych Kazachstanu i ich społecznego znaczenia.
EN
The beginnings of radio broadcasting and TV in Kazakhstan result of the development of media in the Russian Empire and after in the Soviet Union. This article describes the historical stages of the development of Kazakhstan radio broadcasting and television. The authors focus especially on technical, social and political conditions of the progress of media. They analyse the typology of radio broadcasting and TV of contemporary Kazakhstan. Then they consider the broadcasting law. After all, they characterize main radio and TV outlets, in particular, their social significance.
13
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Суб’єкти медіаіндустрії: проблеми систематизації

38%
Булат Н.
Studia Orientalne
|
2022
|
issue 4(24)
83-94
RU
Статья посвящена вопросам систематизации субъектов медиаиндустрии. Принимая во внимание, что сфера СМИ достаточно широка и деятельность субъектов медиаиндустрии каждой отрасли СМИ регулируется отдельными нормативными правовыми актами, возникают сложности с единым пониманием того, какие субъекты можно отнести к субъектам медиаиндустрии, какие основные функции они выполняют, как соотносятся между собой термины субъектов медиаиндустрии и др. Целью статьи является систематизация субъектов медиаиндустрии, деятельность которых предусмотрена действующим законодательством Украины. Автор обращается к основным нормативно-правовым актам в сфере СМИ (Закон Украины «Об информационных агентствах», Закон Украины «О телевидении и радиовещании», Закон Украины «О рекламе» и Закон Украины «Об издательском деле»). Кроме того, анализирует соответствующие положения и на этой основе определяет следующие субъекты медиаиндустрии: информационные агентства, издатели (изготовители) и распространители продукции информационного агентства (в соответствии с Законом Украины «Об информационных агентствах»), субъекты информационной деятельности в сфере телерадиовещания, в том числе телерадиоорганизаций и иных субъектов (вещатель, оператор многоканальной телесети, поставщик программных услуг и продюсерская студия [независимый продюсер]) в форме юридического лица и другие субъекты (вещатель, оператор многоканальной телевизионной сети, поставщик программных услуг и продюсерская студия [независимый производитель]) как физические лица предприниматели (согласно Закону Украины «О телевидении и радиовещании»), производители и распространители рекламы (согласно Закону Украины «О рекламе»), издатели, производители и распространители издательской продукции (согласно Закону Украины «Об издании»). В статье обосновывается необходимость гармонизации норм, определяющих субъектов медиаиндустрии, при совершенствовании законодательства в сфере СМИ.
EN
The article is devoted to systematisation of media industry subjects. Considering that the field of media is extensive and activity of media industry of each media branch is regulated by separate legal normative acts, tere are difficulties regarding unified understanding what subjects may be considered media industry subjects, what main functions they have, how the terms of media industry subjects correlate with each other, etc. The article aims to systematise subjects of media industry, whose activity is provided by the current legislation of Ukraine. The author addresses the key legal normative acts a field of media (the Law of Ukraine “On Information Agencies”, the Law of Ukraine “On Television and Radio Broadcasting”, the Law of Ukraine “On Advertising” and the Law of Ukraine “On Publishing”), analyses relevant provisions, and based on this determines the following subjects of media industry: information agencies, publishers (manufacturers), and distributors of information agency products (according to the Law of Ukraine “On Information Agencies”), subjects of information activity in television and radio broadcasting, particularly television and radio organisations and other subjects (a broadcaster, a multi-channel television network operator, a programme service provider and a production studio (independent producer)) in a form of legal entities, and other subjects (a broadcaster, a multi-channel television network operator, a programme service provider, and a production studio (independent producer)) as individual entrepreneurs (according to the Law of Ukraine “On Television and Radio Broadcasting”), advertising producers and disseminators (according to the Law of Ukraine “On Advertising”), publishers, producers and distributors of publishing products (according to the Law of Ukraine “On Publishing”). The article justifies a necessity of the harmonisation of norms determining media industry subjects while improving the legislation in media.
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