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EN
Purpose: The aim of this study is to review the effects of psychological capital on employees’ burn out in the work environment. This research is paired with Self-Efficacy Theory, which emphasizes that the results of efforts and performances are the most significant sources of self-efficacy. Methodology: Data collected from 416 Turkish workers employed at public institutions in Turkey were included in the analyses to identify the effects of psychological capital on burnout by using two different types of scales (burnout and psychological capital scales) into a single questionnaire form with Likert-type response scale. Beside the Reliability Analysis, different statistical valuation methods –such as regression and correlation analyses– have also been used. Findings: The results of analyses conducted on the sample of 416 Turkish workers reveal that statis tically significant relationships appear between self-efficacy and depersonalization, hope and low personal accomplishment, optimism and emotional exhaustion, optimism and depersonalization. Optimism is negatively related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalization while positively and insignificantly related to low personal accomplishment. Both self-efficacy and optimism are signifi cantly effective in explaining depersonalization. Hope positively and significantly contributes to explain the low personal accomplishment level of employees. On the other hand, optimism negatively and significantly contributes to emotional exhaustion. Implications: As found in the results of this research, optimism will decrease emotional exhaustion. Resilient people can more easily adapt to changes in life. Organizations may focus not only on improv ing organizational structure but also foregrounding workers’ positive personality traits and healthy psychological capital systems. Value: This research which emphasizes the effects of psychological capital on burnout levels of em- ployees is as valuable as others in relevant literature with different research results which are more valuable than the other. null
EN
The purpose of the research was: (1) to establish the relationship between work engagement, occupational burnout, and positive orientation; (2) to examine whether positive orientation mediates the relationship between work engagement and occupational burnout. The study involved teachers (N = 106) of grades 1–6 of primary school and grades 1–3 of middle school. As expected, work engagement correlated negatively with burnout, and positive orientation correlated positively with work engagement and negatively with burnout, also mediating the relationship between these variables.
EN
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore configurations of positive versus negative interactions between work and home (WHI) and their relation to burnout and demographic characteristics. Material and Methods: Sample of 533 Polish workers were interviewed by means of self-administered questionnaires (SWING and MBI-GS). Demographic and work characteristics were also controlled. Results: Cluster analysis distinguished 5 types of WHIs: positive WHI (18%), negative WHI (15.9%), no interaction (29.3%), mutual positive interactions (15.4%) and positive HWI (21.4%). The quality of WHI was associated with number of work hours and tenure at main place of employment. The effect of gender on the quality of work-home interaction was not significant. Configuration of WHIs affected the level of burnout. Again, there was no significant difference between men and women in terms of burnout and its sub-dimensions. The least burned-out were people from positive WHI, positive HWI and mutual positive interaction groups. The most burned-out were people who experienced negative WHI the most often. In this group, predominance of men working more than 10 h per day was observed. The majority of study group (71%) experienced rather integration than segmentation of both spheres. Conclusions: Our results suggest that segmentation is not an universal and effective strategy of coping with work and home demands – it may prevent the positive home-work spillover, which can be buffer or remedy against stress or burnout. We consider cluster analysis the appropriate method in research on relation to work-family balance issue, which may be useful in unraveling relationships between this phenomenon and attitudes and behaviors.
EN
Objectives: The present study was designed to examine the links between empathy, emotional labor (both surface and deep acting), and emotional exhaustion as well as determine if emotional labor mediates the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers. It was assumed that emotional labor can take two opposite directions (positive mood induction and negative mood induction). Thus, the additional aim of the study was to analyze the mediating role of mood regulation strategies in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. Materials and Methods: A sample of 168 teachers from Łódź and its surroundings completed a set of questionnaires: Emotional Labor Scale; Mood Regulation Scales, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Empathic Sensitivity Scale. Results: The results provided mixed support for the hypotheses indicating that both types of emotional labor, negative mood induction and emotional exhaustion were positively intercorrelated. Moreover, deep acting was a significant mediator in the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion. The analyzed link was also mediated by negative mood induction, whereas positive mood induction did not emerge as a significant mediator. Conclusions: The study provided insight into the role of empathy and emotional labor in the development of teacher burnout. It also confirmed that deep acting and negative mood induction mediate the relationship between empathy and emotional exhaustion in teachers.
EN
The author describes the phenomenon of burnout among social workers. Chronic stress and emotional involvement are the most common causes of burnout in this professional group.
EN
Hobfoll´s conservation of resources theory and burnout among prison service Since the 70's of the previous century, the phenomenon of professional burnout is interested in an increasing group of researchers around the world. There is a lot of empirical evidence that burnout is a serious threat to mental health and the ability of workers to work. The aim of the conducted study was to find an answer to the question of whether there is a relationship between losses and gains personal resources among prison service and determining which of the resources gained or lost remain in relation to individual components of occupational burnout. The research sample comprised 98 employees of the Prison Service from the Warmian-Masurian, Podlasie, and Pomeranian Voivodships and Mazowieckie. The following research tools were used in the study: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) and the Profit and Loss Self-Assessment Questionnaire (based on the theory of Stevan Hobfoll). Data analysis showed that losses of hedonistic and vital resources correlate negatively with all burnout scales, and profits with cynicism. Internal resource gains depend on exhaustion and cynicism. Family resources turned out to be in relation to cynicism. Gains of power and prestige are positively related to all dimensions of occupational burnout. Economic resource gains remain dependent on a sense of achievement.
EN
The main goal of the research was to compare the consequences of occupational stress and burnout in the professional group of nurses and policewomen. Both groups share a place of residence. The work consists of several parts. At the beginning, the essence of the concept of "stress" and "occupational burnout" was explained, the essence of the problem was pointed out, and the subject and method of the study were defined. Next, basic information about the questionnaires: OSI and MBI, which was used in the study. In the methodological part, a description of the research group and research results has been presented. The last part discusses the results of the research, as well as theses and issues that arose during the study. Finally, general reflections on the social phenomenon of occupational stress and burnout are presented, as well as the impact on the environment of nurses and policemen.
PL
Wstęp. Nieodzownym następstwem długotrwałego stresu jest wystąpienie syndromu wypalenia zawodowego. Wypalenie jest procesem, który rozwija się powoli. Pierwsze sygnały nie są dostrzegalne lub też są błędnie interpretowane. Szczególną grupą ryzyka narażoną na wypalenie są przedstawiciele zawodów pracujących dla ludzi i z ludźmi, a więc m.in. nauczyciele, policjanci, lekarze i pielęgniarki. Personel medyczny jest szczególnie narażony na wystąpienie syndromu wypalenia zawodowego, gdyż niejednokrotnie mimo ogromnego zaangażowania w pracę pacjent przegrywa w walce o zdrowie i życie. Cel pracy. Zbadanie poziomu wypalenia zawodowego wśród pielęgniarek/ pielęgniarzy. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 82 respondentów (80 kobiet i 2 mężczyzn). Badanie dotyczyło pielęgniarek/pielęgniarzy zatrudnionych w NZOZ Szpitala Powiatowego w Wieruszowie i zostało przeprowadzone w roku 2012. Do badania wykorzystano ankietę własnego autorstwa, która składała się z 22 pytań. Pytania ankiety zostały pogrupowane tematycznie: pierwsze cztery miały na celu zbadanie poziomu zmęczenia pracą, kolejnych pięć miało sprawdzić występowanie symptomów wypalenia zawodowego. Następne zagadnienia ankiety zdiagnozowały reakcję na stres chroniczny, empatię wobec pacjentów oraz stopień pozytywnego postrzegania pracy. Wyniki. Jednoznacznie o występowaniu wypalenia zawodowego mówi aż 40% pielęgniarek ze średnim stażem zatrudnienia, nieco mniej, bo 35% najmłodszych respondentów, również przyznaje, że mimo niezbyt długiego okresu pracy symptomy wypalenia są już u nich dostrzegalne. Natomiast najdłużej pracujące w zawodzie (tylko w 33%) mówią o wypaleniu zawodowym. Wnioski. Wypalenie zawodowe dosięga głównie pielęgniarki ze stażem pracy od 10 do 19 lat. Najlepiej zaprezentowały się pielęgniarki z najdłuższym stażem pracy. Zasadniczy wpływ na postawę, zaangażowanie i wystąpienie symptomów wypalenia zawodowego ma poczucie skuteczności i wrażenie, że w pracy nie osiągnęło się znaczących rezultatów.
EN
Background. An essential consequence of prolonged stress is an instance of burnout syndrome. Burn-out is a process that develops slowly. The first signs are not visible or are misinterpreted. Special risk group exposed to burn are professionals working for and with people, and so teachers, police officers, doctors and nurses. Medical staff is particularly exposed to the instance of the burnout syndrome, because more often than not, despite a huge involvement in the work of the patient loss in the fight for health and life. Objectives. To examine the level of burnout among nurses. Material and methods. The study involved 82 respondents (80 women and 2 men). The study included nurses working in Hospital in Wieruszów it was carried out in 2012. We used a questionnaire that was developed by authors of this study, which consisted 22 questions. The survey questions have been grouped thematically, and so the first four questions were designed to examine the fatigue level of work, the following five questions were supposed to check the occurrence of symptoms of burnout. Another poll issues diagnosed the chronic stress, empathy to patients and the degree of positive perception of the work. Results. The occurrence of burnout was confirmed by 40% of nurses with the average length of employment, slightly less because 35% of the youngest respondents also confirm the burnout. Only 33% of nurses who are working for a long time in the profession confirm the professional burnout. Conclusions. Burnout reaches mainly nurses with experience lasting from 10 to 19 years. Impact on the attitude, commitment and an instance of the symptoms of burnout has a sense of efficacy and the impression that the work did not get significant results.
EN
Objectives. The aim of the study was to verify the factor structure of the Slovak version of MBI-HSS, one of the best-known tools for measuring burnout syndrome (Maslach, Leiter, 2017), on a sample of helping professionals. In line with the theoretical background and research results, five models were tested: a 3-factor model (emotional exhaustion - EE, depersonalization - DEP and reduced personal accomplishment - PA-r), a 2-factor model (EE and DEP) and three 1-factor models (EE, DEP and PA-r as separate, uncorrelated constructs). Method. The research was conducted on two samples of helping professionals (N1 = 454 and N2 = 387) who completed MBI-HSS. A confirmatory factor analysis (method of maximum likelihood) was implemented in IBM SPSS Statistics 25, Amos 25 and Jamovi 0.8.1.13 to test the data. Results. The analyses provided the best empirical support for three 1-factor models of EE, DEP and PA-r as independent constructs in both research samples. The internal consistency estimates (McDonald’s ω) of those three factors were satisfactory. The results showed that the MBIHSS questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool for measuring EE, DEP and PA-r as separate aspects of the burnout syndrome in the population of helping professionals in the Slovak settings. Study limitation. The tool was self-assessing. Test-retest reliability was not examined, neither were the relationships between EE, DEP and PA-r to related constructs. These limits provide some recommendations for further research.
SK
Ciele. Zámerom výskumu bolo overiť faktorovú štruktúru slovenského prekladu jedného z najznámejších nástrojov na zisťovanie aspektov syndrómu vyhorenia (Maslach, Leiter, 2017) – dotazníka MBI-HSS – na súbore pomáhajúcich profesionálov. V súlade s teoretickými východiskami a výsledkami výskumov bolo overovaných päť modelov: 3-faktorový (emocionálne vyčerpanie – EE, depersonalizácia – DEP a znížená spokojnosť s pracovným výkonom – PA-r), 2-faktorový (EE a DEP) a tri 1-faktorové modely (EE, DEP a PA-r ako samostatné, nezávislé konštrukty). Metóda. Výskum prebiehal na dvoch súboroch pomáhajúcich profesionálov (N1= 454 a N2= 387), ktorí vypĺňali MBI-HSS. Bola realizovaná konfirmačná faktorová analýza (CFA; metóda maximum likelihood) v programe IBM SPSS Statistics 25, Amos 25 a Jamovi 0.8.1.13. Výsledky. Výsledky CFA na oboch súboroch podporili 1-faktorové modely, ktoré testovali EE, DEP a PA-r ako nezávislé, samostatné konštrukty. Všetky tri faktory vykazovali zároveň uspokojivé odhady vnútornej konzistencie (McDonaldova ω). Na základe analýz možno konštatovať, že dotazník MBI-HSS je reliabilný a validný nástroj na meranie jednotlivých aspektov syndrómu vyhorenia v populácii pomáhajúcich profesionálov v slovenskom prostredí. Limity. Nástroj mal sebaposudzovací charakter. V rámci výskumu nebola overovaná test-retestová reliabilita a konštruktová validita ani vzťahy faktorov vyhorenia s príbuznými konštruktmi, čo je zároveň perspektívou pre ďalší výskum.
EN
The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between stress at work, self-efficacy belief and burnout syndrome in fire-fighters. 100 subjects participated in the study. The mean of age was 34 years. The Perceived Job Stress Characteristics Questionnaire, Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used in the study. Positive relationship between stress at work, and two dimensions of burnout syndrome: emotional exhaustion and depersonalization was revealed. Self-efficacy belief appeared factor differentiating level of emotional exhaustion but only in fire-fighters with low level of occupational stress.
EN
This article is dedicated to the problem of professional burnout among Polish teachers and psychologists of state schools after the reform in the Polish system of education when gymnasiums (junior high schools) were introduced. A group of primary school, junior high school and high school teachers and psychologists are analyzed and compared in terms of three dimensions of burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced sense of personal accomplishment. Despite sharing the same work environment with teachers, school psychologists are those who are supposed to cope with burnout better because of their professional knowledge and experience.
EN
Researches have mainly been focused on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) positive effects to organizations. On the other hand, Compulsory Citizenship Behavior (CCB) is a rather new subject in both national and international literature. Transformation of organizational citizenship behaviors, which are expected to have positive effects on the organizational success into CCB due to various administrative and social pressures, brings about numerous negative consequences for employees and the organization. But the quantity of studies conducted on this subject is very limited for the time being. In this framework, the main aim of this study is to contribute to literature by analyzing the dynamics of CCB in a different culture and different line of business. In this study, relations between CCB and some positive and negative organizational attitudes and behaviors are examined. 635 people working in various accommodation businesses have participated in this research. Findings have shown that CCB is positively correlated with negative organizational consequences; and negatively correlated with positive organizational attitudes and behaviors. According to this, manager/supervisor related CCBs increase employees’ intentions to quit work, their level of burnout, job stress, social loafing behaviors, and conflict with their colleagues; and decrease their innovative behaviors, identification with the organization, and individual oriented OCBs.
EN
This paper concerns the psychometric evaluation of the Polish version of a self-report questionnaire to measure burnout. Although the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is the most commonly employed measure of burnout, researchers have been troubled by some of its psychometric limitations. The aim of this study is to examine the MBI-GS factor structure in three occupational groups (both within the human services sector and elsewhere), and to evaluate its reliability (internal consistency). In evaluating factorial validity, we carried out an explanatory analysis and a number of confirmatory analyses (using the total database and the three occupational groups). An additional aim was to explore the relationships between biographic characteristics (gender, age, work experience, employment level, and occupation) and burnout. The results of the confirmatory analyses show us that all three models fit the data almost acceptably, both in the total sample (N=998) and in the separate occupational groups, and that the fit of the three-factor solution appears to be somewhat better than that of the one- and two-factor solutions. When the initial model failed to fit the data well, we had to eliminate two items with weak reliability. The results then confirmed the factorial validity of the MBI-GS—as expected, the MBI-GS consists of three scales that are moderately correlate.
EN
Purpose: Main goal of study was to present the opinion of medical volunteers on volunteers training consideration about burnout statements. Material and method: Research carried out a diagnostic survey method. Author's survey questionnaire consisted of two parts - general and basic were used. The study group included 210 active volunteers Results:There was seen an apparent over-representation of women - as much as 82% of the sample were women and only less than one of five respondents were male. The vast majority of respondents did not participate in training on the burnout. Conclusion: We demonstrated that the volunteers see the need for training for those interested in volunteering in the field of burnout.
EN
The burnout syndrome is a complex of symptoms which are related to psychological, behavioral and physiological mans functioning. Recently the spread a burnout syndrome significantly increases as Polish examinations show it is a serious danger among teacher.
PL
Wypalenie zawodowe, to zespół objawów występujących na psychologicznym, behawioralnym i fizjologicznym poziomie funkcjonowania człowieka. Jak dowodzą badania nad tym syndromem przeprowadzone w Polsce stanowi on poważne zagrożenie dla nauczycieli.
EN
Burnout has serious consequences both for individuals and the organizations they work in. The issue generates interest among psychologist and management professionals and – according to the subject literature – there is a growing demand for helping those professional groups who face the risk of experiencing the negative effects of an exhausting working life. The aim of this paper is to characterize the phenomenon of burnout in Poland in the selected professional groups. The primary research was conducted on June and July 2017 on the group of 153 people working in the following areas: healthcare, education, higher education. Two types of questionnaire were used for the purpose of this research. The first was an LBQ Burnout Questionnaire, which is an adaptation of an Italian Link Burnout Questionnaire. The other questionnaire was originally devised by the authors to assess the perception of the phenomenon among Polish employees. The article presents the results concerning all the methods used during research and compared the results of the LBQ and the original questionnaire.
EN
The aim of the article is to broaden the knowledge about the mutual relationship between work engagement and professional burnout. In the psychological literature, a lively discussion between the position that these are opposite poles of one dimension and the position that both dimensions are independent has not yet been clearly concluded. The article focuses on the analysis of the causes of both phenomena. It was assumed that one-dimensionality means that the same elements of the work situation affect each of the states but in an opposite way. The research was conducted using standardized questionnaires (AWLS, LBQ, and UWES) on a group of 128 teachers from different types of schools. Statistical analyses relying on regression analysis indicated different sources of each phenomenon, which supports the position of independence of both constructs.
EN
Empirical research is focused on the perception, survival and subjective assessment of personnel, material and technical and organizational conditions of work in the practice of medical surgical practice at the selected workplace and their possible impact on the somatopsychic comfort of the respondents and their overall work performance.
EN
The article is devoted to the phenomenon of occupational burnout in social services professions. Occupational burnout was first reported in the seventies. Intense civilization changes and increasing demands placed on social services have caused that the psychological costs they incur. At work, doctors, nurses, teachers, emergency workers, police officers and others are becoming more and more significant. Representatives of these professions are exposed to severe stress, which they can not cope with, are permanently tired, exhausted, are less and less satisfied with the work they do. Taking up the fight with such burdens, they distance themselves from the people they help. Over time, their involvement in the profession is getting weaker. They change it or go into premature retirement. These phenomena are commonly called “burnout”.
EN
Objectives: Recently in Poland as a result of the high rate of aging population and high rates of morbidity, a growing demand for the physiotherapist profession is observed. The results of this study can be used to formulate principles for better organization of physiotherapist's workplace in order to prevent occurrence of burnout. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gender on satisfaction with life and burnout among active physiotherapists. Material and Methods: The survey was anonymous and voluntary, and involved a group of 200 active physiotherapists working in health care units and educational centers in Poland. The study group was selected randomly and incidentally. Each respondent received a demographic data sheet and a set of self-rating questionnaires (Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, Burnout Scale Inventory). Results: Burnout among men decreased along with increasing satisfaction with one's work and occupation, friends, relatives and acquaintances, sexuality, and increased due to greater satisfaction with one's housing status. Burnout among women decreased along with increasing satisfaction with one's health, free time and friends, relatives and acquaintances, and increased due to work at a setting other than a health care unit or educational center. Statistical analysis failed to reveal any significant differences with regard to the BSI domains and with regard to the overall burnout index as well as with regard to the assessment of satisfaction with life between female and male physiotherapists. Conclusions: Satisfaction with children, marriage and partnership, with one's work and occupation, interactions with friends, relatives and acquaintances and sexuality may contribute to reduction of burnout among men. Women who are satisfied with their children, family, health, free time and contacts with friends, relatives and acquaintances are less prone to burnout. Weak financial situation among women and deficiency of free time among men can induce burnout. Improving staff happiness may contribute to decreasing burnout.
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