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1
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EN
Transfer of the undertaking is now an important issue for all European Union Member States, which shows the current status of work already completed transfers, as well as experts forecast the future. The part of the transferors, is primarily an attempt to maintain certain company‘s market position but also to preserve jobs as the transfer does not pass to the purchaser only the material part of the business, but also intangible personal folders and business, which consists of employees. In order to avoid collective redundancies due to the transfer of the business and whether by the transferor or the transferee and also provide some job security of employees, European Union has adopted several directives regarding this issue. These guidelines subsequently implemented by the EU Member States into their national laws. Similarly, the Slovak Republic in the Labour Code.
EN
Internet research of attitudes and opinions have become extremely popular not only among researchers, but also in business and education. This is mainly due to increased access to the Internet in society and availability of affordable and easy-to-use online survey tools. Therefore, it is important to summarise contemporary knowledge about creating and conducting research in the online environment and to present clear recommendations and best practices. The author of this article tried to answer five common questions which arise in online research practice: How to maximize the number of completed questionnaires? How to invite people to participate in the Internet study? Whether to use suggestive question? How to minimize non-response error? How to ask question about sensitive issues? Additionally, the importance of pilot studies was highlighted. In order to find valid and accurate answers to presented questions, a review of the scientific literature reporting the results of empirical studies relating to the Internet research methodology was conducted. Contemporary literature review allowed putting forward specific recommendations, as well as heuristic guidelines for the Internet research supported by empirical findings. Thus, this paper can contribute to improving the quality of data collected during studies via the Internet. The final result of online research depends on a number of factors appearing on the stage of: creating, transferring, filling out and returning the questionnaire. Although there is no simple way to predict and solve all possible problems and issues, following the recommendations presented in this article may significantly reduce number of potential issues in online studies.
EN
The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of Connatural Management Ap- proach (CNM) and its potential for quality development of an individual in relation to management of organizations and processes as well as management of people and human systems. This approach has been developed at Newton College in Brno, where the need has arisen to search for other ways of skills development of professionals who are expected to effectively realize their potential and keep developing under the dynamically changing conditions of the market environment.
EN
The phenomenon of business failure in Poland came into being anew with the fall of the communist rule – it was the beginning of the 1990s, and the transition period from a centrally controlled market to a market economy was triggered. At that moment the market was a place where verification was being made regarding whether or not companies would be able to function, and consequently should they file for bankruptcy? Bankruptcy can be called a controlling device designed to eliminate the weakest links from the market, leaving the strongest players. This led to the creation of new statistical data, access to which has become easier over the years. This paper presents selected statistical data on bankruptcies of enterprises in Poland in the period 1990-2017. These data are presented by various credit information agencies by sector and region. However, these figures involve no relationship between the number of bankrupt enterprises and the number of operating ones. For this reason, the author calculated the statistical data, taking into account the relevant facts. The paper also introduces the business insolvency index and the newly established business index. The author suggested analyzing both of them in the analysis of bankruptcy data.
EN
This paper seeks to provide a systematic analysis of the changing relations between financial institutions, banks in particular, and individuals in the 20th and 21st centuries. The first part of the study presents the history of relations between the state, financial institutions and individuals in the twentieth century, while the second part is devoted to the changes that have taken place internationally in this area in the 21st century in the activities of non-state actors, including financial institutions, as more and more often obligations in the field of human rights protection are being emphasised. The attribution of such responsibility indicates the fact that the international community is seeking to strengthen the protection of individual autonomy. This is also confirmed by the analysis of the final observations formulated by treaty bodies functioning within the UN system of human rights protection.
EN
The perception of Russian business in Poland is subject to a number of non-economic factors. It is a specific mixture of stereotypes, mistrust, and fear on top of the real problems that occur in communication between different cultural circles and different interests. The conference, held at the Cracow University of Economics, was organised as a forum for entrepreneurs and experts to discuss issues in Polish-Russian business cooperation.
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Religie a biznes

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EN
Paper is devoted to the ethical issues of business as considered from the points of view of main religions: Christianity – Catholicism and Protestantism – as well as Judaism and Islam. Ethos of Hinduism and the Caux Round Table efforts to disseminate its principles in cooperation with the world of religion are also mentioned. John Paul II’s and Benedict XVI’s addresses to business leaders are recalled. Suggestion to establish partnership relations between clergymen and business people is pointed out.
EN
The paper refers to the problem of prohibition of competition imposed on the members of the board of directors and the supervisory board of a cooperative. The Author analyses the concepts of "competitive business" and "competitive activity" and their mutual relationship, as well as the consequences of non-compliance with the prohibition. On the basis of interpretation of the existing legal provisions and views of judicature, the Author enunciates de lege ferenda conclusions in terms of their clarification and elimination of doubts.
EN
On January 1, 2020 the new Foreign Investment Law of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国外商投资法) entered into force to promote investments in China. The aim of the law is to foster cross border investments. This law was passed on March 15, 2019 by the National People’s Congress. The Chinese FDI legal framework is composed of a set of laws and regulations that are dynamically shaping the economic reality. What are the possible tensions between the new law and the complex system of values in China? Is the new law an agent of implementing de facto social development? In summary, the results show that there is a complex relationship between FDI and social development in China. The new Chinese law might be an inspirational source of non-European legal tradition for Central Europeans.
EN
This publication analyzes the situation of businesses in the context of global pandemics. The aim is to discuss the potential impact, the readiness of companies and solutions. Business is important not only for the business units themselves or for the residents of the country, it is the foundation of the entire state economy. Both the public sector and the private sector are closely interlinked. At present, the coronavirus Covid-19, which is spreading all over the world, and the quarantine introduced in many countries are of great importance to business. This pandemic is considered one of the strongest in the last century. Today’s situation allows us to look back and look at previous global pandemics, to analyze what developments in business have taken place in previous years. This paper also presents theoretical considerations and insights with a slight path for possible solutions for different types of businesses.
EN
Small enterprises are a key source of employment, economic growth, innovation and productivity in advanced as well as emerging economies and as such they are a crucial sector of an economy. Access to financing plays an important role for the small enterprise sector in any economy. Based on previous empirical studies, it is known that small enterprises tend to suffer from limited access to financial resources across the globe. This study aims to investigate the current state of small enterprise financing although the data within the Polish context appears to be limited. While not every small enterprise has an opportunity to grow at a fast pace and turn into a much bigger entity, most owner-managers are concerned about financing their business, in order to sustain their business operations. The reality is that every business can experience some sort of financial trouble. Small enterprises are the ones that require more attention as they constitute a vital part of the Polish economy, their survival rate can have a significant impact on the economy. As such, analysis of small enterprise financing is called for due to the high vulnerability of these businesses.
EN
Facing the economic crisis (began in 2007) managers and political leaders pay more attention to the postulate of socially responsible business. The axiological turn gives new possibilities to implement ethical standards in the sphere of economy. Alas, at the same time, this task evokes the following problems. Firstly, as social researchers, we need to know how to compose heterogeneous axiological systems (to join rules of ethics with the imperative of economic efficiency). Secondly, as market participants, we have to find the formula of mutual understanding (being seen as precondition of our ethical claims).
EN
The subject of the paper is to analyze the possibility of acquisition by the heir of a powers of deceased entrepreneur. Those powers relate to conduct business in terms of emptying septic tanks and transport of liquid waste in the municipality. It was agreed that the powers to conduct business transferred to an heir, in the absence of their content relevant reservations. Then the new authorization is not needed for the conducting the business activity by the heir. In place of the current addressee of the decision enters, by itself, the legal successor.
Turyzm
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2020
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vol. 30
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issue 2
79-84
EN
The aim of the article, in theoretical terms, is to investigate aspirations for entrepreneurship among students. In empirical terms, the objective is to determine the levels of aspiration in the field of entrepreneurship among students with a tourism and recreation profile in the business area related to their degree. In other words the scale of their willingness to set up their own business in the tourism and recreation industry. To achieve its goal, primary research was conducted using the questionnaire method (114 students of Tourism and Recreation took part). Moreover, desk research was used in the form of literature analysis, ‘logical operations’ and observation (especially in referring to practical aspects). The article consists of four substantive parts, an introduction and a conclusion. The results of the research show that the level of entrepreneurship aspiration among the students surveyed is high. The majority (89%) plan to set up their own business in the future in the area of tourism and recreation (76%), most often in the accommodation industry, event organisation or catering.
EN
Albania has experienced a new development era in several sectors of the social and economic development in the last 20 years. Meanwhile, the latest trends made it a necessity for domestic businesses and institutions to adopt the new technologies and thus benefit from their vast advantages. This paper focuses on the application of ERP systems in the Albanian businesses, as it still remains an important challenge for the domestic entrepreneurs. The paper concludes that level of use for these systems is good, but problems arise when it comes to maintenance and knowledge.
EN
The New Russian appeared in the former USSR just after 1991 when the communistic rules collapsed. Firstly, he was considered as a very rich man who obtained his fortune in an illegal way and employed murderers and bodyguards in order to look after his property. Modern Russian writers say that the New Russians have big mentions, the newest models of cars, expensive clothes and cosmetics. They spend their holidays in France, India and Africa and often kill these people who are richer and have more money, that is why their life is not safe., they chase money and take part in the rat race. Now, both in literature and film, the image of the New Russian changed. Authors show him as a well‑educated person who is interested in culture, charity and elegant style of life. New Russians know foreign languages and would like to establish contact with other businessmen. Not only do these people think about their business but they take care of their families as well. They have made great progress as far as their work and behavior are concerned. Unfortunately, they cannot still safe in their own country.
EN
The article focuses on already existing business relations between Polish and Middle Eastern markets. It describes economic relations both levels – international, led by governments and led by private business entities and non-national companies. Major part of the article is the analysis of the potential influence of cultural factors on economic exchange and cooperation with Middle East. Article describes also issue of the image of Poland and Pole (seen as brands), and provides to the both sides of cultural and economical exchange possible solutions, leveling out the influence of culture-based misunderstandings.
EN
The purpose of the article. This paper attempts to reveal the effect of the study by visually presenting the analysis of the studies on the concept of "financial literacy". Methodology. Bibliometric analysis of the studies published in the Web of Science (WOS) database between 1991 and 2023 was analyzed with the VOSviewer (Version 1.6.9) package program. Since the title, content, and keyword of the concept of "financial literacy" were intended to be scanned in all languages and all publication types, 2,889 works were accessed and analyzed. The limitations of the study are that only the studies in WOS are analyzed. No data from Scopus and PubMed databases has been included. For future studies, research from the Scopus and PubMed databases should be added. Results of the research. When the most frequently included keywords in the publications related to the concept of "financial literacy" have a relationship between them at least twice in the study, the keywords "financial literacy" with 825 repetitions in terms of 1841 total connection strength, "financial education" with 111 repetitions in terms of 315 total connection strength, "financial behavior" with 65 repetitions in terms of 217 total connection strength and "financial knowledge" with 71 repetitions in terms of 213 total connection power are seen. As a result of the analysis performed, it was determined that there were 2265 connection powers and 4069 total connection powers for a total of 36 clusters. When we look at the year-by-year distribution, the most works were published in 2022 with a maximum of 426 works. At least one work was published in 2004, 2003, 1998, 1994 and 1991. Among the published studies, journal article 2,515, proceedings paper 280, early access 135, book chapters 101, review article 68, editorial material 29, correction 6, book 5, book review 3 were determined as works. When we look at the languages in which the published works are published, they are in English with a maximum of 2,814 works. At least two works are in French and Chinese. In order to determine the year-based stratification status of the published studies for country-based citations, it was noted that a country should have at least 1 study published and at least 1 citation obtained. As a result of the analysis, analysis was carried out on 78 observation units that were found to have a relationship between them, and it was determined that there were 14 clusters, 1065 connection power and 9417 total connection power. The countries with the most citations are the USA (11981 citations), the Netherlands (2445 citations) and England (1685 citations). In terms of the number of works, the ranking is the USA (197 publications), China (77 publications), India (73 publications), and Australia (70 publications). When the stratification status of the citation ties of the countries on a yearly basis is examined, it is seen that they are limited between 2017 and 2021.
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On some aspects of business-state relations in Russia

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EN
This article looks at the transition from the model of relationship between business and state, which dominated in Russia in the 1990s, to the one at the beginning of the 21st century. Russian history provides extensive evidence that business and state had always been closely connected and interdependent in this country. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, interdependency changed to dependency: while in the 1990s business was dominating the state, on the edge of two centuries the state took control over business. The tradition of close co-operation has been destroyed.
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This article explores the possibility of replacing the traditional administrative supervision over the gig industry in favour of regulatory instruments rooted in economy. While regulation in this sense is not uncommon in the Enlish-speaking countries, even outside infrastructural sectors, in continental Europe, administrative supervision of business still prevails. The current approach of states, including administration, legislative authorities and courts, towards the gig economy can be attributed to the misconception expressed in the EU and national court decisions presuming that companies such as Uber, offering an electronic platform, form one entity with thousands of businesses performing services such as Uber drivers. This paper asserts that regulatory authorities with their powers of correcting the anomalies of the market, are better suited for platform-based services. States should use their powers to liberalise doing business, rather than restrict new, inventive forms of business to the detriment of the customers.
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