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The paper presents the exploration of voluntary and involuntary career transition experience of mature age persons aiming to find out how these transitions are embedded in person’s life story in terms of prior events and future plans of life and what is the difference in emotional attitude toward these two types of transitions. Using the approach of constructivist qualitative inquiry, the narrative interviews were conducted to examine the participants’ lived experience asking them to tell the story of their career transitions as they are embedded in their lives. The study was performed in Latgale region of Latvia with seven mature age persons (two male and five female), characterized by at least 20 years work experience, tertiary education and experience of significant career transition during the last seven years (change of country, employer, job title, industry, or leaving or re-entering the workforce). The data analysis integrated the thematic narrative analysis and M. Crossley’s approach to narrative analysis. Following themes illustrated the life events prior to career transitions: 1) childhood experience: nature, chores, responsibility; 2) importance of education; 3) support from family, 4) choosing career, 5) lucky chance, and 6) triggers of career transition. The research findings were in tune with the main theoretical elaborations on career transition. Resilience as the self-related adaptive factor and family unit as supportive mechanism were discovered for both types of career transition. Involuntary career transitions were shaped only by the environmental limitations or external causes, while the voluntary transitions were mostly driven by personal agency. In future all participants stressed the need to serve the society, family and to establish better work-life balance. As expected, emotional attitude to ward involuntary career transitions was negative (disappointment, disorientation, fatalism, resentment), while attitude toward voluntary career transitions was mostly positive (faith in God, optimism, satisfaction, pride). The narrative approach can be successfully implemented by career counsellors to understand career scenarious and individuals’ overall experiences. More extensive research would be recommended in future focusing on causes, triggers and coping strategies for career transitions.
EN
The article deals with the subject of the analysis of shaping and developing a professional career with the use of foresight methods and tools. The main goal set by the authors was to discuss the assumptions of the developed foresight research methodology, aimed at application in the context of the future labor market. The article reviews and briefly characterizes selected foresight methods that were used during construction and applied in the designed methodology. In addition, the work also shows how the proposed methodology was implemented in a practical tool supporting the work of career counselors and academic teachers during workshops aimed at building a vision of the future of the labor market and other selected research areas. The tool is in the form of an Internet application that enables group and individual work, as well as a tool for individual use, for the purpose of analysing the conditions of individual career paths and personal development of students and graduates of higher education institutions. This tool is also intended to support young people in the process of creating various scenarios of professional development. The methodology was developed as part of the international project “ IT system supporting higher education and career development using the foresight methodology (FORhesIT)”, implemented with the financial support of the European Economic Area funds.
PL
Celem głównym postawionym przez autorów było opracowanie metodyki badawczej foresight ukierunkowanej na zastosowanie w kontekście przyszłego rynku pracy. W artykule dokonano przeglądu i krótkiej charakterystyki wybranych metod foresight, które zastosowano w zaprojektowanej metodyce. Wskazano, jak zaproponowana metodyka została zaimplementowana w praktycznym narzędziu wspierającym pracę doradców zawodowych i nauczycieli akademickich podczas prowadzenia warsztatów ukierunkowanych na budowanie wizji przyszłości rynku pracy oraz innych wybranych obszarów badawczych. Narzędzie ma postać aplikacji internetowej, umożliwiającej pracę grupową, jak i indywidualną na potrzeby analizy uwarunkowań indywidualnych ścieżek kariery oraz rozwoju osobistego studentów i absolwentów szkół wyższych. Narzędzie to ma na celu wspieranie młodych ludzi w procesie tworzenia różnych scenariuszy rozwoju zawodowego. Metodyka została opracowana w ramach międzynarodowego projektu „System IT wspierający szkolnictwo wyższe i rozwój kariery z wykorzystaniem metodyki foresight (FORhesIT)”, realizowanego przy wsparciu finansowym funduszy Europejskiego Obszaru Gospodarczego.
PL
W dobie kryzysu gospodarczego często mówi się o konkurencyjności, nie tylko tej związanej z produkcją i różnymi branżami oraz tej w sferze usług, ale również szeroko pojętej, dotyczącej funkcjonowania jednostek na rynku pracy. Obecnie osoby podejmujące pracę, a zwłaszcza ludzie młodzi, bez doświadczenia zawodowego, powinny posiadać wiele cech wyróżniających je spośród innych kandydatów. Mowa tu nie tylko o formalnych kwalifikacjach czy kompetencjach, ale o zachowaniach związanych z efektywnym, skutecznym planowaniem oraz działaniem mającym na celu realizację planów zawodowych i rozwojem ich kariery zawodowej. Taki przejaw aktywności można określić mianem postaw proaktywnych. Niniejszy tekst stanowi raport z przeprowadzonych badań wśród studentów największych lubelskich uczelni kończących edukację wyższą. Na podstawie Skali Zachowań Proaktywnych w Karierze Augustyna Bańki wyróżniono cztery czynniki postawy proaktywnej, tj. proaktywność ogólną, poznawczą, proaktywność w nawiązywaniu kontaktów i budowaniu sieci wsparcia oraz proaktywność w budowaniu komfortu psychicznego w korzystaniu z sieci wsparcia. Wyniki badań wskazały, iż badani młodzi dorośli w zdecydowanej większości wykazują się jedynie przeciętnym poziomem proaktywności. Wyniki w poszczególnych czynnikach składających się na efektywne i skuteczne planowanie swojej kariery nieznacznie różnią się między sobą.
EN
At the time of economic crisis, competitiveness is the concept that reappears in different contexts. Competitiveness is related not only to production and different services but also to the functioning of an individual on the job market. People who undertake a new job, especially young people without previous professional experience, should have such traits that would distinguish them from other candidates. These traits include not only formal qualifications or competences, but also behaviours connected with effective and efficient planning and activities whose aim is to achieve professional goals and to develop professional career, which can be defined as proactive behavior. The article discusses a study conducted among students graduating from the biggest universities in Lublin. On the basis of Augustyn Bańka’s Scale of Proactive Behaviours in Career, the author of the study has identified four elements of proactive behaviours: general proactivity, cognitive proactivity, proactivity in entering new contacts and constructing establishing the networks of support, and proactivity in building mental comfort through the use of networks of support. The results of the study have revealed that young adults exhibit an average level of proactivity. The differences between the respective elements contributing to the effective and efficient career planning were insignificant.
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