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POLISH EXTERNAL DEBT

100%
Górniewicz G.
Torun International Studies
|
2018
|
issue 11
103-115
EN
The aim of the article is to present the growth of the Polish external debt, with special consideration of its causes and methods of debt reduction. In order to achieve the aim of the article, a research method of descriptive comparative analysis has been applied. In the conclusions of the paper it is stated – among others - that external credits have been taken in order to decrease economic disproportions between Poland and highly developed countries. Considering the necessity of debt repayment, the due amounts have already become a considerable developmental barrier and a burden not only for the state budget but also for business entities. Undoubtedly, Poland is going to take more credits and to issue foreign bonds in the nearest future. Their use may turn out to be an important factor which shall determine the economic situation of the country.
2
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The Polish external debt as compared with the other Visegrad Group countries

100%
Górniewicz G.
Torun International Studies
|
2016
|
issue 9
5-15
EN
The global scale of external debt is the greatest in history, which made it one of the biggest financial problems in the world. Poland has been among the greatest debtors for a few dozen years. The objective of the paper is to show the scale, reasons and tendencies concerning Polish external debt. Furthermore, in the present paper, Polish external debt was compared with the ones of Visegrad group countries.
3
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Dług publiczny krajów Unii Europejskiej w okresie pandemii COVID-19

75%
Górniewicz G.
Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy
|
2023
|
issue 73
21-38
EN
As a result of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the public debt of the European Union countries grew rapidly. The immediate cause was huge budget deficits, rooted in the restrictions introduced in individual countries on economic life and financial aid from states to the most affected branches. In the near future, further increases in debt are likely to be expected, whichwill be driven to a significant extent by the incurring of new financial obligations to rebuild the economies of EU countries after the crisis.The purpose of the study is to present the changes in the size of public debt under the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify the implications of its rapid growth. In addition to the analysis of statistical data, attention was focused on the causes of the build-up, the Next Generation EU economic recovery program and the impact of debt on economic growth. The main thesis of the work proclaims that the coronavirus crisis caused a significant increase in debt in the European Union countries. In order to realize the purpose of the work presented above and to argue the thesis, a research method known as comparative descriptive analysis was used.
PL
W wyniku kryzysu wywołanego przez pandemię COVID-19 nastąpił dynamiczny wzrost długu publicznego krajów Unii Europejskiej. Bezpośrednią przyczyną okazały się ogromne deficyty budżetowe, mające swoje źródło we wprowadzanych w poszczególnych krajach ograniczeniach życia gospodarczego i pomocy finansowej państw dla najbardziej poszkodowanych branż. W najbliższym czasie prawdopodobnie należy oczekiwać dalszego wzrostu zadłużenia, który w istotnym stopniu będzie wynikał z zaciągania nowych zobowiązań finansowych na potrzeby odbudowy gospodarek krajów UE po kryzysie.Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie zmian w wielkości długu publicznego w warunkach pandemii COVID-19 i identyfikacja implikacji związanych z jego szybkim wzrostem. Oprócz analizy danych statystycznych uwagę skoncentrowano na przyczynach narastania zjawiska, programie odbudowy gospodarki Next Generation EU oraz wpływie zadłużenia na wzrost gospodarczy. Główna teza pracy głosi, że koronawirusowy kryzys spowodował istotny wzrost długu w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Dla zrealizowania przedstawionego wyżej celu pracy i uargumentowania postawionej tezy została wykorzystana metoda badawcza określona jako komparatywna analiza opisowa.
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