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The risk of subjective symptoms in mobile phone users in Poland – An epidemiological study

100%
Szyjkowska A., Gadzicka E., Szymczak W., Bortkiewicz A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2014
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vol. 27
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issue 2
293-303
EN
Objectives: To assess the type and incidence of subjective symptoms related to the use of mobile phones in Polish users. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in 2005 using a questionnaire survey. Although it has been quite a long time, up to now, no such data have been published for Poland. The questionnaire consisted of 53 questions concerning sex, age, education, general health, characteristics of a mobile phone (hand-held, loud-speaking unit) as well as the habits associated with its use (frequency and duration of calls, text messages, etc.) and complaints associated with using a mobile phone. Results: As many as 1800 questionnaires were sent. The response was obtained from 587 subjects aged 32.6±11.3 (48.9% women, 51.1% men); the age did not differ significantly between men and women. The subjects owned a cell phone for an average of 3 years. Majority of the respondents used the phone intensively, i.e. daily (74%) or almost daily (20%). Headaches were reported significantly more often by the people who talked frequently and long in comparison with other users (63.2% of the subjects, p = 0.0029), just like the symptoms of fatigue (45%, p = 0.013). Also, the feeling of warmth around the ear and directly to the auricle was reported significantly more frequently by the intensive mobile phone users, compared with other mobile phone users (47.3%, p = 0.00004 vs. 44.6%, p = 0.00063, respectively). Most symptoms appeared during or immediately after a call and disappeared within 2 h after the call. Continuous headache, persisting for longer than 6 h since the end of a call, was reported by 26% of the subjects. Conclusions: Our results show that the mobile phone users may experience subjective symptoms, the intensity of which depends on the intensity of use of mobile phones.
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The analysis of drivers’ reaction time using cell phone in the case of vehicle stabilization task

86%
Žuraulis V., Nagurnas S., Pečeliūnas R., Pumputis V., Skačkauskas P.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2018
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vol. 31
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issue 5
633-648
EN
Objectives The article analyzes the driver’s psychophysiological qualities such as complex reaction and individual ability to control the vehicle that has suddenly lost its stability. The comparative analysis of the duration of reaction time was performed to assess the negative influence of speaking on a phone and driving with one hand. Material and Methods The experimental research was carried out on special training grounds with the road surface having low adhesion coefficient, where sudden lateral vehicle destabilization was caused by the moving plate mounted on the road surface. The vehicle onboard equipment was used for identifying the difference between the destabilization moment and the responsive driver’s steering wheel movement which in this research was assumed as the reaction time. Results Statistical methods of research applied for the analysis of results showed high probability that the driver’s actions would be significantly late in controlling a vehicle. When stabilizing a vehicle movement, the complex reaction time of a vehicle driver speaking on a mobile phone is increased by 18.1% as compared with the conventional driving by a driver not speaking on a phone. Conclusions The risk of using the phone depends on the driver characteristics, traits and attitudes that affect the level of their experienced dangers, and the intensity of using mobile phones and driving. Speaking on a phone while driving increases the driver’s reaction time and mental workload, and changes his or her visual overview ability as well as understanding of the situation. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(5):633–648
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Nowe technologie – nowa komunikacja w rodzinie

58%
Jęczeń J.
Roczniki Nauk o Rodzinie
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2009
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vol. 1
121-137
EN
Parents and spouses are using the Internet and cell phones to create a „new connectedness” that built in remote connections and shared Internet experiences. Today's married couples use a variety of tools–landline phones, cell phones, instant messaging, and email – to manage their schedules and stay connected with each other throughout the day. The adoption of cell phones and computers is a particularly important component of the way today's families stay in touch and coordinate their lives. Although families often go their separate ways during the day, they are connected by the Internet and, even more so, by cell phone. This new connectedness via cell phones and screen-sharing creates networked families.
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