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EN
The paper consists of three parts representing different degrees of autonomy within the scope of the subject area encompassed by the title. In the first part, the author discusses questions which are little known about, relating to a number of monastic orders applying after 1956 for the restitution of their property which they had been deprived of in the earlier time. Apart from that the orders appealed for having formerly liquidated care-educational centres run by them reopened. The party-state authorities did everything in their power not to execute the restitution and to prolong the relevant formal procedures, employing the existing legal norms for that purpose. When, in 1981, in consequence of the collapse of the state social care system, the authorities began to grant official permissions to religious orders to establish and run denominational care institutions (which is discussed in the second part of the paper), they had to exempt the interested orders from “the requirement of the secular nature of care-educational activity which is run” on the basis of Art. 39, item 3 of the extremely anti-clerical Act on development of education and rearing of 15 July 1961, which was taken advantage of earlier to liquidate the denominational school system in Poland. One can hear history snigger here… An issue which is connected with the above-mentioned problem is the question of subsidizing the social care activity of denominational organizations by the state – the People’s Republic of Poland. Without such subsidies the majority of institutions would not have been able to function at all, and it was withholding the subsidies that for many years had been one of the easier, though somewhat time-consuming, ways of liquidating church-based institutions. Beginning with the second half of the 1970s, the modus operandi of the authorities, regarding this sphere, started to undergo changes. In some cases the authorities of individual provinces went as far as to offer to monastic orders to subsidize the care centres run by the latter, still the offer was not always accepted: the experience of many decades had taught the orders to beware of too strong dependence on this type of support, the more so as, in many cases, they had learned to function in the area of charity and were able to survive without the aid from the public purse. Thus, it was also in this sphere where the authorities of the socialist state were forced to move beyond the frames of the anti-monastic and anti-clerical law which they had established themselves.
Polonia Sacra
|
2018
|
vol. 22
|
issue 1(50)
67-78
PL
Ewangelia jest Dobrą Nowiną dla każdego; jej zasięg wykracza poza granice konfesyjności, ale staje się źródłem sensu i siły wobec potrzebujących. Nie można podzielić się tym, czego się nie posiada, a zatem ugruntowanie na słowie Bożym oczyszcza i konkretyzuje postawy miłości wobec bliźniego. Niesienie pomocy innym nie dokonuje się w abstrakcji, ale ma u swojego celu niesienie chrześcijańskiej nadziei. Wszelkie formy wolontariatu i dobroczynności winny być ożywiane postawą wiary. W jej świetle można włączyć swoje umiejętności i środki materialne ku autentycznej miłości, która nie jest jedynie dystrybucją tego, co zbywa, ale otwieraniem dróg ku zaspokojeniu najpilniejszych potrzeb. Chrześcijański wolontariat niesie w sobie cechy wspólnotowe i  nabiera charakteru apostolskiego. Słowo Jezusa Chrystusa, który „nie przyszedł, aby Mu służono, lecz żeby służyć i dać swoje życie na okup za wielu” (Mk 10, 45) staje się motywacją ku odkrywaniu prawa miłości. To miłość Boża jest zasadą niesienia adekwatnej pomocy potrzebującym. Ta posługa staje się formą diakonii i pozwala na rozwinięcie nowej dynamiki misyjnej. Nie ma w niej nic z prozelityzmu, ale staje się ona prawdziwym zaczątkiem budowania wspólnoty osób. Zaangażowani w działania społeczno-charytatywne nie muszą popadać w aktywizm, ale karmiąc się słowem Bożym, znajdują siłę i radość w spotkaniu z bliźnimi. Oparcie zaangażowania społecznego na  słowie Bożym i  sakramentach buduje postawy tożsamości i zapobiega zniechęceniu. Formacja duchowa zaś pozwala budować trwałe fundamenty cywilizacji miłości i życia.
EN
The Gospel is the Good News addressed to everyone. Its message goes beyond confessional boundaries and becomes the source of sense and strength for those in any need. One cannot give what they do not have. Being firmly grounded in the Word of God people may experience it purifying power in the service to the neighbor. Helping other is not an abstraction but serving the needy has the purpose to give them Christian hope. Living faith is the center of all the voluntary services and charitable activities. Human creativity and material resources should be combined with our faith so that all is directed towards genuine love which sees the needy and shares not what is the surplus but meets their most urgent needs. Christian voluntary service carries in itself community traits and is apostolic by its nature. The Word of Jesus, who “For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many” (Mark 10,45) is the true motivation for discovering the law of love. God’s love is rule how to help others.
PL
W zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Toruniu przechowywany jest zespół o nazwie Akta rodziny Steinbornów. Dotyczy on Ottona i Heleny Steinbornów, wybitnych działaczy polskich okresu zaboru pruskiego oraz II Rzeczypospolitej. Steinborn był pierwszym komisarycznym burmistrzem Torunia podczas przejmowania władzy przez Polskę na Pomorzu. Był także radnym miejskim i posłem na Sejm. Był lekarzem (dermatologiem) i wraz z żoną założył szpital Dobrego Pasterza, w którym leczono kobiety zarażone chorobami wenerycznymi. Helena Steinborn była czołową działaczką społeczną w Toruniu. Należała do licznych organizacji charytatywnych. Była przewodniczącą Komitetu Powitania Wojsk Polskich w styczniu 1920 r. W związku z pełnionymi przez Steinbornów licznymi funkcjami przedstawiany tu zespół archiwalny jest bogatym źródłem informacji do dziejów odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę (szczególnie powrotu Pomorza do Macierzy) oraz polskiej działalności społecznej począwszy od okresu sprzed 1914 r., a skończywszy na pierwszych latach po zakończeniu II wojny światowej.
EN
Holdings of the State Archive in Toruń include a collection named Steinborn family records. It refers to Otto and Helena Steinborn, distinguished Polish activists in the period of Prussian partition and the Second Republic. Steinborn was the first administrative mayor of Toruń during the Poland's transition to power in Pomerania. He was also a city councillor and a member of the Sejm (Diet). He was a doctor (dermatologist) and together with his wife he founded the Good Shepherd's Hospital, where women infected with venereal diseases were treated. Helena Steinborn was a leading social activist in Toruń. She was a member of numerous charity organizations. She was the chairwoman of the Committee for Welcoming the Polish Army in January 1920. Due to the numerous functions held by the Steinborns, the archival collection presented here is a rich source of information about the history of restoration of Poland's sovereignty (especially Pomerania's return to the Motherland) and Polish civic activism starting from pre-1914 until the first years after the end of World War II.
EN
Holdings of the State Archive in Toruń include a collection named Steinborn family records. It refers to Otto and Helena Steinborn, distinguished Polish activists in the period of Prussian partition and the Second Republic. Steinborn was the first administrative mayor of Toruń during the Poland's transition to power in Pomerania. He was also a city councillor and a member of the Sejm (Diet). He was a doctor (dermatologist) and together with his wife he founded the Good Shepherd's Hospital, where women infected with venereal diseases were treated. Helena Steinborn was a leading social activist in Toruń. She was a member of numerous charity organizations. She was the chairwoman of the Committee for Welcoming the Polish Army in January 1920. Due to the numerous functions held by the Steinborns, the archival collection presented here is a rich source of information about the history of restoration of Poland's sovereignty (especially Pomerania's return to the Motherland) and Polish civic activism starting from pre-1914 until the first years after the end of World War II.
PL
W zasobie Archiwum Państwowego w Toruniu przechowywany jest zespół o nazwie Akta rodziny Steinbornów. Dotyczy on Ottona i Heleny Steinbornów, wybitnych działaczy polskich okresu zaboru pruskiego oraz II Rzeczypospolitej. Steinborn był pierwszym komisarycznym burmistrzem Torunia podczas przejmowania władzy przez Polskę na Pomorzu. Był także radnym miejskim i posłem na Sejm. Był lekarzem (dermatologiem) i wraz z żoną założył szpital Dobrego Pasterza, w którym leczono kobiety zarażone chorobami wenerycznymi. Helena Steinborn była czołową działaczką społeczną w Toruniu. Należała do licznych organizacji charytatywnych. Była przewodniczącą Komitetu Powitania Wojsk Polskich w styczniu 1920 r. W związku z pełnionymi przez Steinbornów licznymi funkcjami przedstawiany tu zespół archiwalny jest bogatym źródłem informacji do dziejów odzyskania niepodległości przez Polskę (szczególnie powrotu Pomorza do Macierzy) oraz polskiej działalności społecznej począwszy od okresu sprzed 1914 r., a skończywszy na pierwszych latach po zakończeniu II wojny światowej.
EN
The development of hospital services in the Polish State was associated with baptism, the development of Christianity and church organization, and above all, the arrival of religious orders. In the Middle Ages, male religious orders played a huge role in charitable activities, while in modern times female congregations dealing with charity and hospital services were of great importance in that regard. As for female religious orders in the Middle Ages, the Benedictine and Cistercian nuns were the first ones who were engaged in running hospitals and charity work, although it was not their primary mission and charisma. Sometimes hospitals were also run by the Poor Clare Sisters of the Second Franciscan Order, the Magdalene Sisters, the Bridgettine Sisters, and primarily by the Beguines, loose groups of women who were close mostly to Dominican and Franciscan churches and the rules of community life, that is the Third Order. The most important congregation, however, turned out to be the Sisters Canonesses of the Holy Spirit (duchaczki in Polish), who from the beginning of the thirteenth century run, along  with the male branch of the Order, Holy Spirit hospital in Cracow, which specialized in the care of abandoned children and was the largest and the most important one in Poland until the Enlightenment. The great development of charitable female religious congregations occurred after the Council of Trent (1545-1563). Undoubtedly, the most significant of which were the Sisters of Charity (so-called szarytki in Polish) founded by St. Vincent de Paul in Paris in 1633. In Poland, they had 29 houses, where they ran hospitals, orphanages and schools for girls, including the poor. Similar activities, although at a smaller scale, were done by the Sisters of St. Catherine from Braniewo, founded in 1571 by Regina Protman. In addition, charitable activities were undertaken by the Congregation of the Virgins of the Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary (founded in Cracow in the 1620s by Zofia Czeska), the Visitation Sisters (founded by St. Francis de Sales -1601, Geneva,) and the Mariavites founded in 1737 by Stefan Turczynowicz in Vilnius. Apart from the above mentioned orders, the work of mercy was developed, on the margins of its core mission, by most non-charitable female religious congregations existing in Poland in the period before the partitions.
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