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Polish mother and child cohort study (REPRO_PL) - Methodology of follow-up of the children

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Polańska K., Hanke W., Jurewicz J., Sobala W., Madsen C., Nafstad P., Magnus P.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2011
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vol. 24
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issue 4
391-398
EN
Background: A prospective cohort study design gives the opportunity for identifi cation, update of different exposures and their verifi cation by biomarker measurements. The aim of The Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) is to evaluate the impact of exposure to different environmental factors during pregnancy and, after birth, on the pregnancy outcome, children’s health and neurodevelopment. Materials and Methods: REPRO_PL cohort was established in 2007. From the cohort of 1300 mother-child pairs, 300 children are followed-up until they are two years old to asses the exposure, health status and neurodevelopment. Children are examined twice: at one and two years of age by a pediatrician and a psychologist/child development specialist. During each visit, detailed questionnaire is conducted with the mothers and supplemented with the information from the medical charts to have appropriate recognition of the child’s health and development. Additionally, the current health status of the child is checked and his/her biometry is performed. A urine sample is collected from each child for the verifi cation of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure. Some children have a blood sample collected for the assessment of the lead and cadmium levels. Child’s neurodevelopment is assessed based on Bayley Scales for Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III). Results and Conclusions: The results of the study will become available within the next few years and will help to determine the impact of the environmental exposures on children’s health and neurodevelopment. REPRO_PL cohort is a middle-sized cohort, very much focused on specific research questions with the potential for future extension and cooperation.
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Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) – Methodology of the follow-up of the children at the age of 7

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Polańska K., Hanke W., Król A., Potocka A., Waszkowska M., Jacukowicz A., Gromadzińska J., Wąsowicz W., Jerzyńska J., Stelmach W., Stelmach I.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2016
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vol. 29
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issue 6
883-893
EN
Effects of environmental exposures in utero and in the first years of life on early life health and development is a growing research area with major public health implications. The main aim of this work has been to provide an overview of the next step of the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) covering exposure, health and neurodevelopment assessments of children at 7 years of age. Details regarding methodology of the follow-up of the children are crucial for cross-cohort collaboration and a full understanding of the future research questions. Phase III of the REPRO_PL cohort covers a follow-up of 900 children at the age of 7 years old. The questionnaire filled in by the mothers is composed of: socio-demographic, child exposure and home environment information, nutritional status and health data. In the case of 400 children, environmental (including collection of urine, saliva and buccal cells), health status and psychomotor assessments are performed. Health and development check consists of physical measurements, child health status assessment (including lung function tests, skin prick testing, an interview/examination by an allergist) and psychomotor development tests (the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Intelligence and Development Scales). The results of the study will become available within the next few years. Extension of the REPRO_PL cohort with examinations of children at the age of 7 years old may provide a better understanding of the relationship between environmental and lifestyle-related factors and children’s health and neurodevelopment; and may further strengthen scientific base for policies and interventions promoting healthy lifestyle. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):883-893
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Organizacja procesu korekcji wad postawy w Tarnowie

63%
Leśniak K.
Problemy Współczesnej Pedagogiki
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2015
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vol. 1
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issue 1
57-70
PL
Wraz z rozwojem cywilizacji notuje się coraz częściej wady postawy oraz większą liczbę dzieci i młodzieży o nadmiernej masie ciała. W okresie dziecięcym i młodzieńczym usuwaniem nieprawidłowości w budowie rozwijającego się organizmu powinna zajmować się gimnastyka korekcyjna. By jednak była ona efektywna, musi być w odpowiedni sposób zorganizowana. Chcąc dokonać oceny organizacji procesu korekcji wad postawy w Tarnowie, badaniu ankietowemu poddano dyrektorów lokalnych szkół podstawowych oraz przeanalizowano dane dostarczone przez Wydział Edukacji Urzędu Miasta Tarnowa. Uwzględniono dane dotyczące organizacji zajęć kompensujących wady postawy w szkołach w latach 2010/2011‒2012/2013. Analiza wyników badań dowodzi, że gimnastyka korekcyjna nieodpłatnie dostępna jest, poza jednym wyjątkiem, w klasach I‒III szkół podstawowych, a odpłatnie we wszystkich przedszkolach. Tylko jedna szkoła oferuje zajęcia również w klasach IV‒VI dwa razy w tygodniu. Uczniowie gimnazjów i szkół ponadgimnazjalnych nie mają możliwości uczestnictwa w tego rodzaju ćwiczeniach. Najlepszy dostęp do zajęć korekcyjnych mają uczniowie szkół specjalnych (blisko 50%) i Szkoły Podstawowej nr 18 (ponad 30%). W badanych latach tylko odpowiednio 6,35%, 4,49%, 8,78% dzieci z pozostałych placówek miało możliwość korzystania z korekcji wad postawy.
EN
Along with the development of civilisation, a considerable increase in the number of children and youth with posture problems and overweight is noticed. The stage of child and youth life, the time when the body is growing, is pivotal in terms of imperfect posture and weight correction. To improve defects in the posture of the growing body, corrective gymnastics is crucial. For corrective gymnastics to be effective, is has to be organised properly. Krzysztof Leśniak To evaluate the organisation of the process of posture correction in Tarnow, a survey of school headmasters was undertaken, and an analysis of the data delivered by the Department of Education of Tarnow Municipal Office was carried out. The analysis encompasses the organization of classes formed to compensate posture defects at schools in the school years 2010/2011‒2012/2013. As a result, the analysis shows that the pupils of almost all Tarnow primary schools (grades 1–3) and kindergartens have access to corrective gymnastics. In primary schools the access is free of charge and in kindergartens it is for a fee. Only one school offers classes also in grades 4–6 two times a week. There is no corrective gymnastics for students of lower secondary and secondary schools. Students of special schools are embraced by the most frequent and accessible gymnastics toward the posture correction. In the school years 2010/2011‒2012/2013, respectively 6.35%, 4.49%, 8.78% of children and youth of regular public schools had access to corrective gymnastics (except for students of special schools who had the access in nearly 50% and students of Primary School No. 18, with the access for over 30%).
4
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Konflikty w rodzinie i ich konsekwencje psychospołeczne

63%
Zaremba W.
Państwo i Społeczeństwo
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2012
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issue 4
65-81
EN
Conflicts are inevitable even in the most harmonious life of family. The kind of the conflicts and the ways of their resolution at first depends from the persons’ psychical maturity in them participating. In situation when it fizzle out to unload tensions and conflicts, it comes to crisis of marriage or family characterizing in this, that husband’s and wife’s essential needs or needs parents and their children are not satisfy on a required level. Some kinds of crises can lead to disintegration of marriage and family and in a long term to weakness the internal coherence characterizing in neglecting the persons’ duties and duties in relation to children, the consequence of this is break-up of the marriage and family. From the formal sight it express as a figure of divorce or separation. Each divorce confirmed by low means emotional, psychical, economic and parental divorce. In a consequence weakens or annihilates emotional ties, the division of property follows among getting divorced sides and disconnection one of them from caring over juvenile children. Moreover the age, state of the child’s health, degree of emotional sensibility, fear about new condition of life can decide about positive or negative the child’s behavior to divorce of its parents. Counteraction would depends disintegrating conflicts on creating family community, spread in a proper family communication but mainly for preparation of a young person to life in a society, at marriage or in family.
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