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1

Eristuvad lapsed 18. sajandi alguses. Herrnhuti lastearatus 1727. aastal ja laste palveaktsioonid Sileesias 1707.–1708. aastal

100%
Schmid P.
Mäetagused
|
2019
|
vol. 74
11-30
EN
The article compares the activities of child witches and pious children as a behaviour distinct from everyday customary conduct, which fulfilled certain goals and was memorized in the form of numerous written records and oral accounts. The author exemplifies in the light of some cases of religious awakening of the children from the 18th century to what extent it is justified to talk about child agency and a culture of pious children and where this culture is located in the discourse of research on children’s culture.
2

Koolielu kajastamine opilaste omaloodud meemilehtedel kolmes Tartu piirkonna koolis

88%
Kalda M., Tuisk A.
Mäetagused
|
2019
|
vol. 74
151-174
EN
Internet memes represent a new vernacular genre, items of which are created and also distributed digitally. Every day, ever new information keeps flowing through the feeds of social media sites. Internet memes, unlike traditional folklore, are not meant to be conveyed from generation to generation, and rarely would one expect a recurrence of a meme that has already been seen and passed forward. New memes are being created constantly, representing every conceivable aspect of physical as well as virtual reality. The external world is represented through a seemingly anything-goes game of combining shapes and forms. Already in the current stage of development of the genre, we can notice that memes correspond to their users’ subcultural and other group-related preferences. Age-group specific meme use is also discernible. This paper focuses on the meme repertoire of schoolchildren in the Tartu region, which is published on special Facebook or Instagram pages. The empirical work consisted in observing the meme sites and interviewing those generating the memes. School memes are presented as depiction of the life in a particular school and used for generating a feeling of belonging within that school. By memeing, schoolchildren apply a certain kind of cultural knowledge, a memetic code, which is not necessarily accessible to adults – indeed, they might not even have encountered it. William Corsaro characterises peer group culture with keywords such as autonomy, control, conflict, and differentiation; the challenge is to make fun of the authority of adults. In school memes, we are witnessing not only a peer group counterculture, but also an endeavour by the group to create a certain distinct world of its own. The novel and youthful memetic form suits well for this project.
3

Amerykański horror dziecięcy pod kuratelą dorosłych

63%
Kostyra K.
Kwartalnik Filmowy
|
2023
|
issue 121 Kino i młoda widownia
58-77
PL
Artykuł dotyczy amerykańskiego horroru dziecięcego rozpatrywanego w relacji do młodej publiczności oraz dorosłych: krytyków, rodziców, pełnoletnich widzów. Widownia horroru kinowego lat 80. i seriali telewizyjnych lat 90. została tu scharakteryzowana w kontekście przynależności do określonej grupy wiekowej (tweens, tj. prawie nastolatki) oraz specyficznego wizerunku i typu konsumpcji popkultury (Gary Cross pisał w tym względzie żartobliwie o „niegrzecznych” dzieciach gremlinach). Obecność dorosłych w dyskursie na temat horroru dziecięcego została w tek- ście potraktowana jako twórcza przeszkoda, z jaką mierzą się twórcy tej formuły, którzy byli wielokrotnie narażeni na nieprzychylność dorosłych komentatorów. Tekst wpisuje się w rozwijający się na gruncie zachodnim nurt badań nad horrorem dziecięcym. W szerszym ujęciu natomiast lokuje się w kręgu zainteresowań najnowszej refleksji filmoznawczej skupionej na „odzyskiwaniu” dziedzictwa amerykańskiego kina popularnego lat 80. jako kina dowartościowującego dziecięcość i sprawczość dzieci.
EN
The article concerns American children’s horror in relation to the young audience and to the adults: film critics, parents, and mature viewers. The audience of 1980s films and 1990s TV series is characterized as belonging to a particular age group (tweens, that is: almost teenagers) and representing a specific type of pop culture consumption (Gary Cross wittily described modern kids as “naughty” gremlin-like children). The presence of adults in the discourse on children’s horror is treated in the article as a creative obstacle. Children’s horror has repeatedly met with disfavour among adult commentators. The article is an attempt to enter the current of children’s horror research. More broadly, however, it falls within the scope of recent developments in film studies, focused on ‘recovering’ the heritage of the American popular cinema of the 1980s as a cinema that values childhood and supports children’s agency.
4
Content available remote

Childhood and Modernist Art

51%
Kümmerling-Meibauer B.
Libri & Liberi
|
2013
|
vol. Vol 2
|
issue No. 1
11-28
EN
This paper focuses on exhibitions of children’s books held in Austria, Germany, and the Netherlands from the turn of the 20th century. These exhibitions displayed children’s books, toys, and mural posters created by renowned artists who were inspired by modernist art movements. It is argued that these exhibitions and the accompanying discussions had a great effect in changing attitudes towards children’s literature and children’s culture. Many artists and pedagogues, belonging to the British Arts & Craft Movement, the German and Austrian “Kunsterziehungsbewegung”, and the Dutch “Kunst aan het Volk”, emphasized the importance of early art education on the child’s developing sense of aesthetic perception. These efforts undoubtedly paved the way for the emergence of Avant-garde children’s books in the 1920s and 1930s.
HR
U članku se autorica bavi izložbama dječjih knjiga s početka dvadesetoga stoljeća u Njemačkoj, Austriji i Nizozemskoj. Ondje izložene knjige, igračke i zidne plakate izradili su znameniti umjetnici koji su inspiraciju za svoj rad pronalazili u modernističkim umjetničkim strujanjima. Te su izložbe, kao i rasprave koje su one potaknule, znatno pridonijele sve većemu uvažavanju dječje književnosti i dječje kulture. U tome su kontekstu umjetnici i pedagozi bliski britanskome pokretu Art & Craft Movement, njemačkome i austrijskome pokretu Kunsterziehungsbewegung, kao i nizozemskome pokretu Kunst aan het Volk, isticali značaj ranoga umjetničkoga odgoja u smislu razvijanja estetskoga zamjećivanja koje je kod djece tek u začetku. U članku se, povrh toga, napominje da su ta nastojanja također utrla put prodoru avangardističke dječje književnosti dvadesetih i tridesetih godina dvadesetoga stoljeća.
DE
Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit einigen bedeutenden Kinderbuchausstellungen, die seit der Jahrhundertwende in Deutschland, Österreich und den Niederlanden gezeigt wurden. Die ausgestellten Bücher, Spielsachen und Wandbilder entstammen dem Schaffen namhafter Künstler, die sich von modernistischen Kunstströmungen inspirieren ließen. Die Ausstellungen und die durch sie ausgelösten Diskussionen übten einen großen Einfluss auf die zunehmend hohe Wertschätzung von Kinderliteratur und Kinderkultur aus. In diesem Kontext betonten jene Künstler und Pädagogen, die dem britischen „Arts & Craft Movement“, der deutschen und österreichischen „Kunsterziehungsbewegung“ oder der niederländischen „Kunst aan het Volk“-Bewegung nahestanden, die Bedeutung der frühen Kunsterziehung für die sich noch entwickelnde ästhetische Wahrnehmung des Kindes. Darüber hinaus wird in diesem Artikel veranschaulicht, dass diese Bestrebungen den Weg für den Durchbruch der Kinderliteratur der Avantgarde in den 1920er und 1930er Jahren bereiteten.
5
Content available remote

Alice Through the Ages: Childhood and Adaptation

38%
Flegar Ž., Wertag T.
Libri & Liberi
|
2015
|
vol. Vol 4
|
issue 4.2
213-240
EN
The paper is an identity-based analysis of Lewis Carroll’s Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (1865) and two film adaptations, Walt Disney’s Alice in Wonderland (1951) and Tim Burton’s Alice in Wonderland (2010). Alice’s identity crisis identified in each of the Alice works was observed in view of Erik H. Erikson’s and James Marcia’s identity theories in order to reach conclusions pertaining to the nature of childhood and growing up in the Victorian era, in the mid-twentieth century, and at the beginning of the 21st century. As the three different Alice characters originated in different historical periods, their identity issues conditioned by their culture, society and circumstances reveal three different processes of identity formation. Due to the fact that while creating their adaptations both Walt Disney and Tim Burton relied on the expectations of their audiences more than the spirit of the literary original, much like Carroll’s work these adaptations serve as a good reference in reflecting the historical and cultural changes of children’s position in society.
HR
Rad se bavi analizom razvoja identiteta u Alici u Zemlji Čudesa (1865) Lewisa Carrolla i u njezinim dvjema filmskim adaptacijama, Alici u Zemlji Čudesa Walta Disneyja (1951) i Alici u Zemlji Čudesa Tima Burtona (2010). U svrhu razumijevanja krize identiteta glavne junakinje koja se očituje u svim trima djelima autorice su se koristile teorijama Erika H. Eriksona i Jamesa Marcije. Došle su do zaključaka u vezi s glavnim karakteristikama djetinjstva i odrastanja u viktorijansko doba, sredinom dvadesetoga i početkom dvadeset i prvoga stoljeća. S obzirom na to da su tri Aličina lika nastala u trima različitim povijesnim razdobljima, pitanja razvoja njihova identiteta pod utjecajem kulture, društva i okolnosti odrastanja sugeriraju tri potpuno različita procesa oblikovanja identiteta. Budući da su se pri stvaranju spomenutih adaptacija Walt Disney i Tim Burton vodili više očekivanjima publike nego odlikama književnoga originala, te su adaptacije dobra referencija za određivanje ključnih povijesnih i kulturoloških promjena povezanih s položajem djeteta u društvu.
DE
Ausgehend von Carrolls Werk Alice im Wunderland (1865) und den gleichnamigen Verfilmungen von Walt Disney (1951) und Tim Burton (2010) wird im Beitrag die Identitätskrise der diesen Werken gemeinsamen Hauptgestalt erörtert. Um Schlussfolgerungen zu den grundlegenden Merkmalen der Kindheit und des Heranwachsens nicht nur in der viktorianischen Zeit, sondern auch um die Mitte des 20. und zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts zu ziehen, wird im Beitrag nach der Theorie von Erik H. Erikson und James Marcia gegriffen. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass die in unterschiedlichen historischen Zeitpunkten entstandenen Alice-Gestalten auch unterschiedliche Identitätsgestaltungsprozesse durchlaufen. Da sich Walt Disney und Tim Burton bei ihrer Verfilmung mehr von den Publikumserwartungen als durch die literarische Vorlage leiten ließen, wie auch Carroll selbst in seiner Romanproduktion, stellen die Verfilmungen einen willkommenen Anlass dazu dar, auf entscheidende historische und kulturelle Veränderungen in den zeitspezifischen Vorstellungen von der gesellschaftlichen Position des Kindes hinzuweisen.
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