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1

The Building of Bell-Towers Added to Romanian Churches

100%
Abrudan I. O.
Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 1
9-26
EN
This paper aims to emphasize a specific aspect in the evolution of the architecture of churches built by Romanian Orthodox or Greek-Catholic communities in the Sibiu region, in the second half of the eighteenth century and during the nineteenth century. More exactly, it is the widespread presence, in the ecclesiastical architecture of that county, and also in other Romanian Transylvanian settings, of the western tower, added to the church, which housed the bells and sometimes even clocks. In most cases, the raising of these towers was entrusted to Saxon masons from Sibiu, whose names have been preserved in inscriptions on the walls of edifices, or by their registering in contracts signed by the Romanians who ordered the execution. The involvement of those worthy craftsmen represented an important factor in maintaining the dialogue and cultural exchanges between the two communities that lived together in the Sibiu County region.
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Культурний простір Гетьманщини доби Данила Апостола

63%
Pryszliak W.
Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia
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2015
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vol. 3
331-346
PL
This article explores the social and cultural life of the historical circumstances of the Cossack Hetmanate under the rule of Hetman Danylo Apostol in the 1727–1734. Based on lesser-known archival and published sources the main forms of cultural and spiritual life of Ukraine in the very time period is highlighted: education, literature, church building. Particular attention is paid to cultural policy, main areas of cultural and spiritual development and features of the Hetmanate cultural space in the context of adaptation or confrontation of the autonomous Cossack Ukraine vis-à-vis policy of centralization and incorporation of the newly emerging Russian Empire. Iinternal connections and patterns of Ukrainian cultural process in the late Baroque, its role and place in the formation of Ukrainian national identity are traced.
3
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Zagadnienie architektury sakralnej w doktrynie Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego : rys historyczno-teologiczny

63%
Grąbczewski G.
Resovia Sacra : Studia Teologiczno-Filozoficzne Diecezji Rzeszowskiej
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2020
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issue 27
43-54
EN
In the teaching of the Roman Catholic Church, the space of the temple is identified with the holy place, the sacred. Issues related to architecture, including religious architecture, although not the most important in church doctrine, nevertheless find their place in it. The subject of religious architecture appears primarily in connection with the function that the building is to fulfill for the community of believers – a gathering place for the celebration of the liturgy. The sacred building should meet liturgical requirements, and also help to build community and an atmosphere of concentration, with the shape of the space so that it stands out from many other buildings that have different social purposes. He thus becomes “God’s home”. The sacrum of the church space is also emphasized by the extensive symbolism, referring both to its whole and individual parts. Throughout the history of the Church, the topic of religious architecture has appeared in many of its documents, both universal and local. The most important of them will be cited in the text, showing the complexity and importance of the issue of religious architecture in the doctrine of the Roman Catholic Church.
4

Paradygmaty estetyczne i architektoniczne w wiedeńskiej architekturze sakralnej przełomu XIX i XX wieku

63%
Scheidl I.
Sacrum et Decorum. Materiały i studia z historii sztuki sakralnej
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2014
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vol. 7
147-168
PL
Wiedeń, stolica monarchii habsburskiej i siedziba jej władców, stał się w wieku XIX metropolią, a skokowy wzrost liczby ludności miasta pociągnął za sobą konieczność budowy licznych kościołów. Jedną z najistotniejszych kwestii praktycznych i teoretycznych był „właściwy” styl tych świątyń. Efektem prowadzonych wówczas dyskusji było uznanie aktualności stylów średniowiecznych, w tym zwłaszcza gotyku, który uchodził wręcz za „idealny” język architektury sakralnej. Dużo mniejszą popularnością cieszyły się formy zaczerpnięte z repertuaru sztuki nowożytnej (w teorii budownictwa kościelnego były one niemal jednogłośnie odrzucane); ograniczona była również recepcja wczesnego modernizmu. Pomimo supremacji neogotyku i neoromanizmu wiedeńską architekturę sakralną przełomu XIX i XX wieku cechuje olbrzymia różnorodność, odzwierciedlająca dylematy jej twórców.
EN
Vienna, the capital of the Habsburg monarchy and the seat of its rulers, in the 19th century became a metropolis, and the rocketing city population necessitated the building of many new churches. One of the most important practical and theoretical problems was the “appropriate” style to be used in those constructions. The result of the debates conducted at the time was accepting the validity of the mediaeval styles, especially Gothic, considered to be the “ideal” language of church architecture. Forms borrowed from more recent epochs in art and architecture were noticeably less popular (in the theory of church building they were practically unanimously rejected). Reception of early modernism was also limited. Despite the supremacy of Neo-Gothic and the Neo-Romanesque style, Vienna churches of the turn of the 20th century are characterized by great variety, which reflects the dilemmas of their creators.
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Church Architecture in Southwestern Bulgaria in the Late 9th – Early 11th Century (Based on Archaeological Data)

63%
Georgieva M.
Studia Ceranea
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2023
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vol. 13
347-379
EN
This publication is devoted to the church architecture in Southwestern Bulgaria (now Blagoevgrad region) during the First Bulgarian Tsardom, in the period from the end of the 9th to the beginning of the 11th century. From the second half of the 9th century (specifically from 864) the territories of the region under consideration officially entered the borders of the medieval Bulgarian state, which coincided with the conversion to Christianity in Bulgaria (865). The studied region covers the valleys of the rivers of Struma (Middle Struma) and Mesta (Upper and Middle Mesta), which were part of the southwestern borders of the Bulgarian state in the Middle Ages. At present, three churches can be attributed to this period, all excavated through regular archaeological excavations. These are the Basilica of St. Nicholas in the town of Melnik, the single-nave church in the area of Shipotsko at the town of Bansko and the three-conchal church at the village of Kulata, Petrich municipality. In terms of their functional characteristics, these churches include an episcopal (or parish) church (“St. Nicholas” in Melnik), a cemetery church (the church in the area of Shipotsko near the town of Bansko) and a monastery church (the church at the village of Kulata). Characteristic for the first two is their construction on older cult sites – on an ancient sanctuary and an early Christian church (the church “St. Nicholas” in Melnik) and on an early Christian temple (the church in the area of Shipotsko, at the town of Bansko). The small number of excavated church buildings from the First Bulgarian Tsardom is also typical for the rest of the Bulgarian lands. Although the examples from the region are few, they show that almost all major architectural types are found here.
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The Altar Casket with a Representation of St Thecla ad bestias from the Vicinity of the St Menas Church in Selib (Northern Sudan)

63%
Żurawski B.
Études et Travaux (Institut des Cultures Méditerranéennes et Orientales de l’Académie Polonaise des Sciences)
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2016
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vol. 29
203–224
EN
The excavations in Selib have brought to light a few objects used in the liturgical practices performed in the local churches. Among a dozen or so fragmentarily preserved chalices, juglets and patens, there is a terracotta roundel provided with a circular aperture in the upper side. Made of pinkish red clay, it is decorated with a repeated stamped motif of a haloed orant figure shown en face with arms held parallel to the upper body. It is accompanied by figures of animals set in profile. The masterly execution of the animal figures enables the recognition of the images of lionesses. Consequently the orant figure in between two metopes with a lioness each could only be St Thecla. The author suggests that the Selib roundel plausibly served as an altar casket placed on an altar to house a Eucharistic chalice. An alternative use would have been as a stand for a peculiar Nubian paten(?) with a depression in the bottom. Regardless of the real purpose, in the case of the Selib roundel the label of ‘altar casket’ is valid.
7
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Gotycka architektura kościoła farnego (Bożogrobców) pw. Świętego Ducha w Przeworsku

51%
Adamski J.
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
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2023
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vol. 85
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issue 2
5-34
EN
The article constitutes a monographic study, the first to be found in specialist literature, of the Gothic architecture seen in the main parish (formerly of Knights of the Holy Sepulchre) church of the Holy Ghost in Przeworsk, once a private town of the Tarnowski family in Crown Ruthenia. On the basis of an analysis of the written sources and the building’s architectural structure, the author proposes a coherent interpretation of its construction in historical perspective. The construction process, begun probably ca. 1400, and the 19th- and 20th-century transformations of the structure are discussed. The origins of particular architectural solutions (ground plan type, spatial structure, construction system, vault composition) are discussed, allowing to present the building’s important place in the history of the Gothic architecture in southern Poland.
PL
Artykuł stanowi pierwszą w literaturze naukowej monografię gotyckiej architektury kościoła farnego (dawniej Bożogrobców) w Przeworsku, niegdyś prywatnym mieście rodu Tarnowskich na Rusi Koronnej. Na podstawie analizy źródeł pisanych oraz struktury architektonicznej autor proponuje spójną interpretację dziejów budowy świątyni. Omówiony został proces wznoszenia fary, zapoczątkowany zapewne około 1400 r., a także jej XIX- i XX-wieczne przekształcenia. Przedstawiono genezę poszczególnych rozwiązań architektonicznych (typ rzutu, struktura przestrzenna, system konstrukcyjny, kompozycja sklepień), co pozwoliło na wykazanie istotnego miejsca budowli w dziejach architektury gotyckiej w południowej Polsce.
8
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Wybrane aspekty minimalistycznych rearanżacji wnętrz kościelnych po roku 2000

51%
Wiśnicka A.
Archiwa, Biblioteki i Muzea Kościelne
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2021
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vol. 116
437-455
EN
This text explores the subject of minimalist renovations in the sacred interiors of the Roman Catholic Church, based on a selection of representative examples, geographically and culturally diversified. Starting from the assumptions of the Second Vatican Council and the artistic and socio-cultural changes that could be observed as early as the 19th century, the article analyses the factors that led to an extreme formal reduction in church decoration. Apart from the obvious issue of interior architecture, a reflection is undertaken on the way in which art, which is both a cult and an aesthetic element, is displayed. Legal factors, liturgical and psychological aspects are also taken into account. To analyse the problem, realisations and projects from the circle of European architecture have been used.
PL
W artykule przybliżono tematykę minimalistycznych rewitalizacji wnętrz sakralnych Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w oparciu o selekcję reprezentatywnych przykładów, zdywersyfikowanych pod względem geograficznym i kulturowym. Wychodząc od założeń Soboru Watykańskiego II oraz zmian artysty-cznych i społeczno-kulturowych, które zaobserwować można już w XIX wieku, artykuł analizuje czynniki, które doprowadziły do skrajnej redukcji formalnej w wystroju kościołów. Poza oczywistą kwestią, jaką jest architektura wnętrz, podjęty zostaje namysł nad sposobem eksponowania sztuki, którą stanową zarówno element kultowy, jak i estetyczny. Wzięto również pod uwagę czynniki prawne, aspekty liturgiczne oraz psychologiczne. Do analizy problemu wykorzystano realizacje i projekty z kręgu architektury europejskiej.
9
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Banganarti and Selib in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons with Appendix 1: Pottery from Selib. Preliminary report (2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons), Appendix 2: Osteoarchaeological analyses of skeletal material from Selib 1 and Banganarti (2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons)

51%
Żurawski B., Cedro A., Bury M.
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
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2016
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vol. 25
349-402
EN
The Polish archaeological project excavating at the Nubian sites of Banganarti and Selib concentrated on uncovering domestic architecture: the northeastern and southwestern districts at medieval Christian Banganarti and selected houses of Meroitic date at Selib 2. The conservation and restoration program put the finishing touches on the Raphaelion church in Banganarti and did substantial work on the remains of the earlier churches. The oldest church from Selib 1 was investigated and dated to the 6th–7th century based on a study of a well stratified ceramic assemblage. Pottery from the northern and southern refuse dumps ranged in date from the 9th to the 12th/13th century. A group of liturgical vessels, containing mostly small juglets and chalices, was distinguished in this assemblage. Exploration of the earlier Northern Building revealed pottery contemporaneous with the earliest phase of the church on site. Anthropological research was carried out on skeletal remains from the medieval cemeteries of Selib 1 and from individual graves at Banganarti. The results of ceramic studies and of the anthropological examination are reported in separate appendices to the main report.
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