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1

Transkrypcja aktu urodzenia dziecka, które zostało uznane za granicą

100%
Wojewoda M.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2017
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2
337-361
EN
The Polish Law on Civil Status Acts dated November 28, 2014 provides for the possibility of transcription of civil status documents issued abroad to the Polish register (Art. 104 ff). The article is devoted to the analysis of potential obstacles to the transcription of a foreign birth certificate in situations when paternity of the child was established abroad further to a voluntary acknowledgment of paternity. The author argues that the transcription procedures are based on the underlying assumption that foreign civil status documents should be trusted. Consequently, the substantive review of a birth certificate issued in another country is very limited. The main ground for refusing transcription is the ordre public clause which is applicable only in exceptional situation. In the final part of the article a critical analysis if offered with regard to Art. 105 section 3 of the 2014 Act whereby the Polish legislator has authorized the transcription of a foreign birth certificate concerning a child born in wedlock, where – according to the document – the father is not the husband despite the fact that no denial of husband’s paternity took place. According to the author, in all cases when Polish law is applicable with regard to child’s parentage, such transcription creates a dangerous situation, in which the official civil status register provides data that are in stark conflict with the Polish family law and the legally accepted presumption “Pater est quaem nuptio demonstrant”. It is argued that the transcription should take place only after the formal denial of husband’s paternity is effected.
2

Zaświadczenie o stanie cywilnym – nowa konstrukcja w prawie o aktach stanu cywilnego

100%
Wojewoda M.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2015
|
vol. 24
|
issue 1
31-56
EN
The new Polish Law on Civil Status Acts dated November 28, 2014, which entered into force on March 1, 2015, was enacted with a view to replacing the traditional system of civil status books with a modern register run in the electronic form. The statute has also introduced a new type of certificate which can be issued on the basis of records to be found in the civil status register, evidencing the civil status of the interested person. The article discusses the prerequisites and the procedure of issuing the certificate, which can initiated only by a motion of the interested person. It also presents the obligatory elements of the certificate, which include name and surname, date and place of birth, sex, marriage status and the parents’ names concerning the person whose civil status is confirmed. The author of the publication explains basic differences between the certificate on civil status and other certificates issued from the register. In this light, the evidentiary value of the document is also discussed. A separate paragraph of the article is devoted to presenting special rules of issuing the certificate in the transitory period, during which the old civil status acts made in the paper form will be transferred to the new electronic register.
3

Wpływ prawomocnie orzeczonej separacji na stan cywilny małżonków

80%
Wojewoda M.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2021
|
vol. 30
|
issue 2
249-270
EN
Legal separation is a family law institution which has been in force in Poland since 1999. Following the court order on separation, the spouses no longer have any mutual rights or obligations in marriage. They do not inherit after each other either. Most effects of legal separation resemble those of divorce. Still, the spouses remain married and they cannot enter into a new marriage with other persons. The Author tries to find an answer to the question of whether legal separation changes the civil status of spouses. In the strict sense of the notion, civil status is understood as marital status. Accordingly, individuals are traditionally classified as being either single or married. However, notwithstanding the fact that a separated couple formally remains married, the situation of spouses, in the wake of a separation order, changes so radically that, according to the Author, it should be regarded as a third variant, namely the state of ‘being separated’. The proposition that legal separation changes the civil status of spouses is even more evident if one considers the definition of legal status in its broad sense. Such definition can be found in Article 2(1) of the Law on Civil Register of 2014. The provision reads as follows: ‘The civil status is a person’s legal situation, expressed by individual personal characteristics, as shaped by natural events, legal actions or judicial decisions, or the decisions of authorities, which is demonstrated in the civil register’. It should be observed that legal separation is based on a judicial decision that affects the legal situation of spouses and characterises their position in marriage. What is more, the court order on legal separation must always be notified to the Registry Office, so that an official mention on separation can be made in the marriage certificate. Thus, as the Author argues, there should be no doubt that legal separation constitutes one of the elements of the civil status of an individual. In the last part of the article, it is demonstrated that, unfortunately, legal separation is not adequately mirrored in the civil register. For example, it is technically impossible to add information on legal separation next to a birth certificate (although such information on divorce can be added). Moreover, due to the limited functions of the electronic application that is used to operate the civil register, there is no possibility to reflect separation in the death certificate or in the certificate on civil status. Therefore, these documents may create confusion, since the separated spouses are described therein as being ‘married’.
4
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O żądaniach wpisu w polskim rejestrze stanu cywilnego zagranicznej fikcji prawnej pochodzenia dziecka od „rodziców jednopłciowych”

70%
Mostowik P.
Forum Prawnicze
|
2019
|
issue 6 (56)
3–29
EN
Polish administrative courts were in 2018 requested to register in Polish birth records the child’s origin from “same-sex parents” (de facto – homosexual couples). The author discusses the national legal provisions. In the matters of civil status in question there is no harmonization of law at the international level, and the European Union has no competence in the field of substantive personal and family law. Such issues and – being their reflexes – the registration of civil status (filiation or marriage) are subject to the internal legislation of each state. Legal systems differ manifestly in the world. The author emphasizes that there is no possibility of transferring to the domestic register of civil status (birth records) a foreign document incompatible with the fundamental principles of forum’s law, which is justified in particular by the need to protect the effectiveness of the principles of the Polish ordre public, which are declared in the Constitution (Art. 18). They include i.a. the understanding of the principle of filiation or marital status, and the registration system should be compatible with the legal fundaments of the state. The proposed solution does not mean, however, that it is not possible to settle a detailed administrative case residing abroad, e.g. to obtain an identity card by the child living abroad. For the purpose of such separate administrative proceedings, a foreign document or a part of it may be treated as confirmation of the status of parents (i.e. a man and a woman who gave birth to a child) being Polish citizens.
5
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Postępowania w sprawach dotyczących aktów stanu cywilnego – kompetencja organu administracji publicznej czy sądu powszechnego?

61%
Mucha J.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
|
2015
|
issue 3(11)
11-38
EN
The Act on vital records currently binding and applicable in Poland, also known as the Law on Births, Marriage and Death Certificates, similarly to the solutions of former regulations in this area, provides for two different bodies responsible for matters relating to birth, marriage and death certificates. Public administration bodies are responsible for making records of the civil status of a person, and for entering necessary amendments to the content of certificates if they are possible to be made by comparing the certificate in question with other certificates. Common courts of civil law are vested with power to conduct detailed evidentiary proceedings (in order to determine the content of a certificate) and proceedings requiring legal intervention (invalidation of a certificate if it confirms an untrue event or otherwise making the necessary amendments/corrections to it). This status quo leads to a conclusion that since civil law courts are competent to perform acts in law that are more complicated than merely recording or amending the content of civil status certificates, there are no reasons why they should not as well perform these less complicated acts which are currently vested in administrative bodies. This solution seems be even more recommendable in the light of the fact that courts today keep other registers of a function similar to that of the register of vital statistics. Leaving all matters relating to birth, marriage and death certificates within the competence of civil courts would be also advisable because it would add to such legal transactions a status of even greater certainty and uniformity. It would also take off the burden of having sometimes to approach two different bodies.
PL
Aktualnie obowiązująca ustawa Prawo o aktach stanu cywilnego, podobnie jak poprzednio regulujące tę materię przepisy, wprowadza kompetencje dwóch różnych organów w sprawach dotyczących aktów stanu cywilnego. Rejestrację stanu cywilnego, a także sprostowanie treści aktu wymagające porównania jej z innymi dokumentami, nie zaś przeprowadzania postępowania dowodowego, powierzył ustawodawca organowi administracji, natomiast przypadki, w których zachodzi konieczność przeprowadzenia szczegółowego postępowania dowodowego (ustalenie treści aktu stanu cywilnego) czy też wymagające prawotwórczej ingerencji (unieważnienie aktu stanu cywilnego stwierdzającego zdarzenie niezgodnie z prawdą, sprostowanie w wypadku niemożności jego dokonania na podstawie innych aktów czy akt zbiorowych), poddał kompetencji sądu cywilnego. Pozwala to stwierdzić, że skoro sąd cywilny jest kompetentny do dokonywania czynności bardziej złożonych wobec treści aktu stanu cywilnego, to nie ma argumentów – przy cywilnoprawnym charakterze pojęcia stanu cywilnego – które uniemożliwiałyby dokonywanie przez niego czynności mniej skomplikowanych, w tym rejestracji stanu cywilnego (sporządzanie aktu) czy sprostowania w sytuacji, kiedy w obecnym stanie prawnym należy ono do organu administracji. Stąd wniosek, że rozdział kompetencji w zakresie czynności dotyczących aktów stanu cywilnego pomiędzy organ administracji i sąd cywilny jest kwestią umowną oraz że brak jest niepodważalnych argumentów niedopuszczających rozwiązanie, by właściwym organem w każdej sprawie dotyczącej aktów stanu cywilnego był sąd cywilny. Za rozwiązaniem takim przemawia także okoliczność, iż prowadzenie innych rejestrów o zbliżonej funkcji ustawodawca powierzył sądom. Nie bez znaczenia jest także wzgląd na jednoznaczność i pewność obrotu prawnego oraz dogodność dla podmiotów, których postępowania w kwestiach odnoszących się do aktów stanu cywilnego dotyczą.
6

Międzynarodowa Komisja Stanu Cywilnego – osiągnięcia i niepowodzenia

51%
Masłowiec M.
Kwartalnik Prawa Prywatnego
|
2020
|
vol. 29
|
issue 4
635-667
EN
This article presents the achievements and failures of the International Commission on Civil Status, which is an intergovernmental organisation that aims to facilitate international co-operation in civil status matters and to improve the operation of national civil status departments. The author presented the history of the Commission and its current crisis caused by the decreasing number of member states (Poland withdrew from the organization in 2017). The next part of the article provides an overview of the instruments of the ICCS, in particular conventions, including three conventions binding Poland. The achievements of the Commission were also described as a missed opportunity for the European Union, considering the EU activity in the field of civil status in recent years.
7
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The  civil status of transsexual and transgender people in the Czech Republic

41%
Králíčková Z.
The Lawyer Quarterly
|
2018
|
vol. 8
|
issue 4
499-511
EN
This article is focused on describing conditions of the recognition of the civil status of transsexual and transgender people (trans persons) in the Czech Republic, or former Czechoslovakia. It is based on a questionnaire created for the purposes of the XX International Congress of Comparative Law, Japan, Fukuoka, 2018. The Czech Republic' national report aims to be a basic but thorough resource of legal information relating to the civil status of trans persons for future comparative analyses of the International Academy of Comparative Law.
8

Akt znania – dawny gatunek urzędowy jako świadectwo porządku prawnego

36%
Bizior R.
Roczniki Humanistyczne
|
2015
|
vol. 63
|
issue 6: Językoznawstwo
133-150
EN
The Witness Statement as a genre of official style of a documentary nature has been considered in the article to be old, because its formation was not a long process, lasting in the Polish language from the early 19th century, when it was introduced with the legal regulations of the Napoleonic Code, until 1945. This is one of personal status certificates that was drawn up in connection with the modern process of marriage formalization, constituting evidence of the old legal and social order and the impact of French culture. Formally, it served as a birth certificate and for this reason was subject to the rules of textual substitution of a pragmatic function, while references to the prototext became an essential textual component of the analyzed statements. The textual pattern of the nineteenth-century Witness Statement, presented in the article, formed not only on the basis of the intertextual relationship with the birth certificate, but also as a result of the influence of the architecture of old official documents, formed through the centuries. It adapted also genre-specific structural segments, the most important of which was the statement of the witnesses. Due to the circumstances of the formation and functioning of the genre, textual embodiments were characterized by some freedom relative to the textual pattern reconstructed in the study, nevertheless text standardization progressed with time.
PL
Akt znania jako gatunek stylu urzędowego o charakterze dokumentacyjnym został w artykule uznany za dawny z tego względu, że jego kształtowanie było niedługim procesem, trwającym w polszczyźnie od początku XIX, kiedy został wprowadzony wraz z uregulowaniami prawnymi Kodeksu Napoleona, do 1945 roku. Jest to jeden z aktów stanu cywilnego, który był sporządzany w związku z nowożytnym procesem formalizacji małżeństwa, stanowiący świadectwo dawnego porządku prawno-społecznego oraz oddziaływania kultury francuskiej. Formalnie pełnił funkcję aktu urodzenia i z tej racji podlegał zasadom substytucji tekstowej o funkcji pragmatycznej, a nawiązania do prototekstu stały się istotnym składnikiem tekstowym analizowanych aktów. Prezentowany w artykule wzorzec tekstowy dziewiętnastowiecznego aktu znania kształtował się nie tylko na bazie relacji międzytekstowej z aktem urodzenia, lecz także wskutek oddziaływania architektoniki dawnych aktów urzędowych, formowanej przez wieki. Adaptował również specyficzne dla gatunku segmenty strukturalne, z których najistotniejszym było zeznanie świadków na temat osoby występującej o akt znania. Okoliczności powstania i funkcjonowania gatunku spowodowały, że realizacje tekstowe cechowały się pewną dowolnością w stosunku do zrekonstruowanego w pracy wzorca tekstowego, niemniej jednak standaryzacja tekstu postępowała wraz z upływem czasu.
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