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EN
The article focuses on the presentation of the results of empirical research in counsellors in the field of social counselling and psychological counselling. The research focused on the factors that are important for the development of boundary violations, on the perception of boundary violations on the side the counsellor side and on the client side, on measures/procedures that counsellors took in solving problems of boundary violations between counsellor and client.
PL
The article describes the competence of the Financial Ombudsman to submit to the court of law a view (observation) relevant to a case before the court. For long this instrument has been reserved for non-governmental organisations only. In December 2007, the Insurance Ombudsman was vested with such a competence as well. However, the scope of cases in which the Insurance Ombudsman can submit observations is limited to disputes arising from insurance contracts and disputes concerning members of pension funds or participants of occupational pension schemes. With the establishment in October 2015 of the Financial Ombudsman (who is the legal successor of the Insurance Ombudsman), this competence has been extended to cases and disputes regarding all clients of financial market entities. Submitting an observation is intended to enable the transfer of knowledge and experience of the Financial Ombudsman as a specialist in matters concerning financial market services, to the courts of law. In practice however, certain doubts arise in regard to how this instrument should be used properly. In particular, it is not always clear in which cases the Financial Ombudsman may be allowed to submit an observation and in what circumstances such a possibility should be considered as unacceptable or undesirable. Also, the legal character of an observation and its legal nature in regard to the civil procedure is being assessed differently. Thus the question arises on what the content and scope of an observation should be based. In regard to the main task imposed on the Financial Ombudsman, namely the protection of the rights and interests of clients of financial market entities, it seems only reasonable that the content and scope of an observation as well as the decision on whether it will be submitted to the court at all remains in the exclusive judgment of the Financial Ombudsman. The main aim of the article is to analyse these issues based on the experience of the Financial Ombudsman resulting from the use of the instrument in practice.
3
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EN
The aim of the article is to point out the need to increase consumer insurance protection in Poland, which has not only an individual, but also a macroeconomic dimension. Insurance cannot be seen only through the prism of individual risk management. Here are important also systemic risk and of macroeconomic factors. The low level of insurance risk, including individual consumer, and insufficient confidence in the insurers, would increase economic and social costs if such a risks be materialized. The problems associated with customer protection the author discusses on the example of life insurance with a capital fund, and deposit policies.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie potrzeby zwiększenia w Polsce ochrony klienta zakładów ubezpieczeń, która ma wymiar nie tylko indywidualny, ale także makroekonomiczny. Nie można patrzeć na ubezpieczenie wyłącznie przez pryzmat indywidualnego zarządzania ryzykiem. Ważne jest również ryzyko systemowe i makroekonomiczne. Niski poziom ubezpieczenia ryzyka, w tym też klientów indywidualnych, oraz niedostateczne zaufanie do ubezpieczycieli zwiększa koszty ekonomiczne i społeczne w przypadku materializacji ryzyka. Autorka omawia problemy związane z ochroną klienta na przykładzie ubezpieczenia na życie z funduszem kapitałowym oraz polisolokat.
EN
The main aim of the paper is to clarify the position of the clients to the commercial insurance sector in the Slovak Republic. This study deals with the general analysis the sample of respondents, examining the attitudes of the insurance clients and analyze attitudes of clients of insurance companies in terms of the perception of other activities of insurance customers and the impact of past experience of the client. The result of the study is generally neutral position of the client to the insurance sector in the Slovak Republic.
EN
Legal ethics is important for the daily work of attorneys; yet, it hardly receives enough attention in the training of lawyers. This article seeks to show how legal ethics matters and which consequences seemingly small ethics violations can have for attorneys. One key aspect of the client-attorney relationship is the trust which is placed in the attorney by the client. Both Germany and Lithuania prohibit that attorneys represent both parties in a legal dispute, a prohibition which can be surprisingly far-reaching. In this article the authors, both of whom are practicing attorneys, look at the differences and similarities between the legal frameworks in Lithuania and Germany as well as the impact the globalization and Europeanization of legal ethics has had on the domestic laws in their respective jurisdictions. Particular attention is given to the sanctions which can be imposed on attorneys for misconduct in the form of representation which betrays the trust of a client and which is therefore specifically prohibited by the law. Among other issues, the distinction between professional sanctions and punishments under criminal law will be dealt with, as well as the conditions under which attorneys in either jurisdiction are barred from accepting a specific case to begin with.
EN
The implementation of CRM strategy itself needs vast amount of effort from the whole company including both, workers and management. Especially the strategy needs the change of the way of thinking (in terms of the product) and taking into consideration clients position in every process in a company. Moreover, this concept requires full commitment of staff and management regardless the management level. The most important then are becoming trainings and the creation of the proper motivational system. Among outside factors one can number such as information access, kind of a client contact, the emotional notion towards a product or service, number of clients and value of transaction per unit. The biggest problem is caused by a kind of the client contact and information access which is attached to it. The influence of the rest of factors can be reduced for example by the usage of CRM system, promise model or such tools as contests, lotteries or loyalty contracts.
EN
In the daily professional activity of a psychologist, the issue of his authority is of particular importance. In the first part of the article, the very concept of authority is the subject of scientific reflection. Authority in the proper sense means a person who, thanks to a set of personality traits, in particular competences in a given area, determines the shaping of judgments, opinions and attitudes of another person or social group, recognizing its value. The second part deals with the issue of the authoritarian personality. Authoritarianism describes the actions of the authorities using all means to implement their own, sometimes dogmatically understood political concept and forcing others to behave desired by it. This concept falsified the classical sense of authority. The third part of this article concerns the profession of psychologist in the dimension of authority. A psychologist should take care of his professional and moral authority for the benefit of his patients and clients, observing the basic ethics of the psychologist's profession.
8
88%
EN
Purpose: The article is devoted to critical reflection on the commonly used value chain model taking the perspective of contemporary role of client and technological advancement in multifaceted organizational development and management. It attempts to outline and thoroughly describe the new perspective of value creation and value management taking into account digital technologies and social media platforms. Methodology: Deductive approach have been implemented, secondary data and sources have been used. Finally, the model of Value chain 2.0 was presented, conceptualized and described from both theoretical and practical sides. Design: The first part of the article is focused on the explanation of present potential of client for any enterprise. The second part attempts to explain the role of virtualization processes, exemplified by social media, semantic web approach or virtual organization in the shift of value creation. Finally, the concept of value chain 2.0 is proposed and discussed. Findings: There is a rapid transformation of value creation where linearity, control and inter organizational resources are gradually being replaced by network value creation where clients’ activities play pivotal role in organization performance and where value is defined in much broader way. Practical implications: The conclusions have profound meaning for companies and organizations striving for engagement of clients, partners and employees in value creation processes. The paper presents both theoretical foundations along with practical implications for value co-creation. Originality: The thorough and detailed analysis and interpretation of multifaceted shift and transformation of value creation and value management is presented. The article describes the ways the social media, digital technologies and contemporary marketing influence the way organization creates value.
EN
The article deals with some issues related to consumer (client) protection on the financial market. Legal regulations constantly change in this area. New regulations are introduced, which makes the subject of consumer protection very topical and important, especially with many accompanying transactions on the financial market. The multiplicity of legal acts and the influence of European legislation, especially EU regulations, can lead to many misunderstandings in terms of terminology. An attempt was made to clarify the concepts of consumer and client on the basis of Polish legislation. According to numerous amendments to the regulation, the entities on the market using financial services should make efforts to conduct a correct assessment of its legal situation and the possibility of using the help of institutions. The range of protected entities differ depending on the legal act that is analyzed. The author draws attention to the ways in which the legislator created a definition of a protected entity and the areas in which it provides legal protection. The analysis also includes legal provisions concerning the competences of institutions performing consumer protection functions: the Financial Ombudsman and the President of the Office of Competition and Consumers, which is a body specializing in individual consumer matters, and a public administration body. Their competences and roles, which overlap in certain areas, have been the subject of lively discussion for a time. This was due to the proposed draft act of December 2020, the provisions of which abolished the institution of the Financial Ombudsman, and transferred his competences to the President of the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection. The paper presents the direction of legal changes in the institutional area of consumer protection of financial services, the ratio of such actions, as well as the outlined European legislator’s vision of adequate consumer protection.
10
Content available remote

Pohledy na smrt očima řeholních sester

75%
EN
The present article aims to answer the research question: How did the nuns perceive death, the dying and the deceased? The author presents partial results of her qualitative research realized among the nuns employed in one of the nursing homes as nurses. The article presents the perception of the dying persons from part of the nuns, as well as their professional approach to these persons. Further, the author presents the perception of the dead persons from part of the nuns, and records their specific ways of dealing with the bodies of the deceased. As for the results of the research, it can be stated that the nuns perceive dead as a mysterious event that constitutes part of their and our lives and represents a return to God; however, in spite of these mostly positive connotations dead is for them a disquieting event.
EN
The article discusses the legal aspects of the functioning of autonomous stores, i.e. stores in which modern technology allows shopping without the physical presence of staff in the facility. The Author tries to identify the most important legal problems related to the operation of autonomous stores, while indicating their possible solutions. The issues of protection of consumer rights in this type of stores, verification of age, sobriety and legal capacity of customers, as well as protection of consumers’ privacy and personal data in the context of the use of ‘intelligent’ monitoring systems will be discussed.
PL
Artykuł porusza problematykę prawnych aspektów funkcjonowania sklepów autonomicznych, czyli sklepów, w których nowoczesna technologia umożliwia robienie zakupów bez fizycznej obecności personelu w placówce. Autorka stara się zidentyfikować najważniejsze problemy prawne związane z działaniem sklepów autonomicznych, wskazując jednocześnie możliwe ich rozwiązania. Poruszono kwestie ochrony praw konsumenta w tego typu sklepach, weryfikacji wieku, stanu trzeźwości i zdolności do czynności prawnych klientów oraz ochrony prywatności i danych osobowych konsumentów w kontekście użycia „inteligentnych” systemów monitoringu.
Catallaxy
|
2022
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vol. 7
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issue 1
7-21
EN
Motivation: The motivation to write an article on airlines was the desire to rank them based on customer reviews and see how these reviews reflect the actual brand image. The opinions that companies collect about themselves have a very strong power when it comes to building its reputation. Aim: The aim of the study was to use digital transformation and transform raw data into specific information that expressed customer emotions to create a profile of selected airlines. A secondary goal of the article was also to check how the analyzed airlines perform in similar areas. Materials and methods: The data used for the analysis was collected from the eSky.com website and covers the 2019-2020 period. The airlines concerned by the customer reviews were LOT, Ryanair, Wizzair, Czarter, EasyJet, Lufthansa and Laudamotion. Their selection was dictated by the number of opinions necessary to conduct the analysis. The research based on the use of data mining techniques, but it should be noted that most of it uses text mining tools. Topic modelling was used to prepare the data properly and assign each word to groups with similar themes. In order to obtain information whether a given opinion has a positive, negative or neutral tenor, sentiment analysis was used. The final part of the analysis was based on the net sentiment score indicator. The entire analysis was carried out in the R-Studio. Results: The most common subjects of opinions written by customers were "delay", "service", "boarding" and "airline". It was confirmed that the opinions of each airline concern different topics, although some common topics were noticeable. Two topics were repeated among the 7 analyzed airlines: "service" and "delay". Based on the sentiment analysis, for the Ryanair airline the percentage of negative opinions was highest and equal to 35%, almost 40%, of neutral opinions fell on the WizzAir airline and the largest percentage of positive feedback, as much as 46%, was attributed to EasyJet. EasyJet line looks the best in the eyes of customers. The line that evoked uniformly positive, negative and neutral emotions in the opinions was Ryanair.
PL
Rynek usług finansowo-księgowych prowadzonych przez biura rachunkowe w Polsce systematycznie się rozwija. Wejście w życie z dniem 10 sierpnia 2014 r. ustawy o ułatwieniu dostępu do wykonywania niektórych zawodów uwolniło rynek usługowego prowadzenia ksiąg rachunkowych. Sytuacja ta wywołała wzrost konkurencji, co w konsekwencji wraz z nowymi uwarunkowaniami działalności przedsiębiorstw wpływa na zakres usług świadczonych przez biura rachunkowe. Celem opracowania jest identyfikacja wyzwań, przed którymi stoją aktualnie biura rachunkowe w Polsce. Przyjęto hipotezę: biura rachunkowe kreują nowe usługi zapewniające utrzymanie dotychczasowych i pozyskanie nowych klientów na konkurencyjnym rynku.
EN
Outline of the content: The market of financial and accounting services performed by accounting offices in Poland is systematically developing. The entry into force on August 10, 2014 of the Act on facilitating access to certain professions has released the market of bookkeeping services. This situation caused increased competition, which, together with the new conditions of company operation, results in influencing the scope of services provided by accounting offices. The aim of the study is to identify the challenges currently faced by accounting offices in Poland. A hypothesis has been adopted: accounting offices create new services that ensure keeping the existing clients and winning new ones on a competitive market.
EN
The article presents the issues of social media and their potential use in organizations in order to generate value for employees, customers and investors. In addition to value definitions, which is now regarded as one of the main determinants of achieving a competitive advantage in the market, the author discusses the concept of social media. Author also describes distinguish features of the Social Era that create potentially new areas of value creation and discusses the role of the client in this process.
EN
This paper briefly analyzes the role of the social worker to work with risk group of new religious movements (NRM). Professional assistance of a social worker also needs a man who after leaving the sect lost personal identity, proofread his social ties with close relatives and friends. The social worker provides social rehabilitation of social skills and restore confidence in their abilities.
EN
In their daily work, social workers experience many ethical dilemmas related to their direct work practice. They refer inter alia to such issues as uncertainty about the validity of their decisions, the need to choose between an effective action which is compliant with the law or take an action against the expectations and will of the customer. What should they follow, should they stay in the agreement with their conscience, comply with the rules ipso facto staying in a conflict with themselves, or maybe partially customize the system of their own values to the rules, bending them to his/her own conscience?
PL
W swojej codziennej pracy pracownicy socjalni doświadczają dylematów etycznych związanych z bezpośrednią praktyką zawodową. Dotyczą one m.in. takich zagadnień, jak: niepewność co do słuszności dokonywanych wyborów, konieczność wybierania między działaniem skutecznym a działaniem zgodnym z przepisami czy podejmowaniem działań wbrew oczekiwaniom i woli klienta. Czym się kierować: czy pozostać w zgodzie z własnym sumieniem, dostosować się do przepisów, pozostając w konflikcie z samym sobą, czy może częściowo dostosować system własnych wartości do przepisów, naginając je do własnego sumienia?
The Biblical Annals
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2023
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vol. 13
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issue 3
367-383
EN
Occasionally, the biblical term גר has been taken to refer to a “dependent worker” or “client” based on the thought that household membership can be gained through work provided to the household. Mention of household membership tests the identity of the sojourner in the ancient world as stranger or foreigner; a social category listed with widows and orphans-whose status is also defined by the household- as deserving of protection. Given its centrality as a basic social unit in the ancient Near East, we might expect that purchase in a household would grant a status that dissolves the social distance and attendant consequences (fragility of income, lack of patrimony, object of suspicion) thought to be borne by גרים. In what sense, then, is a “dependent worker” who secures membership in the household a גר ? This article reconsiders how distant a person must be from the society within which he resides to make him a ,גר shifting the semantic emphasis of this term away from origin and towards social integration.
EN
This article contains the names of people who use counsellors’ help. They have typological value, not only specifying the variety of the contemporary “counsellees”, but they also indicate economic, social and cultural changes, which appeared in the last century, shaping the relation of people towards the surrounding world, other people and themselves. They indicate changes in the counselling understood as an interpersonal relation, organised activity and the process of social life – the places where adults learn.
PL
W tytule artykułu znalazły się nazwy osób korzystających z pomocy doradców. Mają one walor typologiczny i nie tylko określają różnorodność współczesnych „radzących się”, ale także wskazują na zmiany ekonomiczne, społeczne i kulturowe, jakie zaszły w ostatnim stuleciu, kształtując stosunek ludzi do otaczającego świata, innych osób i siebie samych. Wskazują na zmiany w poradnictwie rozumianym jako relacja międzyosobowa, działalność zorganizowana i proces życia społecznego – miejscach uczenia się ludzi dorosłych.
19
Content available remote

Czy można zdefiniować „dobro” klienta psychologa?

63%
PL
W tekście polemiki z Katarzyną Sikorą zwrócono uwagę na potrzebę dopracowania terminu odnoszącego się do osoby/osób, z którymi pracuje psycholog; nieadekwatne i mylące jest sprowadzenie wszystkich do pojęcia „odbiorców". W części rozważań „dobra klienta" przedstawiono stanowisko, iż właściwym przedmiotem debaty psychologów powinny być te wartości zawodu psychologa, które faktycznie pozwalają realizować „dobro klienta". Brak możliwości zdefiniowania tego pojęcia oraz jego wartościujący charakter oznacza być może potrzebę rezygnacji z umieszczania go w kodeksach etycznych psychologów.
EN
In this polemic response to Katarzyna Sikora, attention is drawn to the need to refine the term denoting the person or people that the psychologist works with, for it is inaccurate and misleading to subsume them all under the concept of "recipients." In the section on "client welfare," the view is presented that the proper subject of debate among psychologists should be those values involved in their profession that really make it possible to achieve "client welfare." The impossibility of defining this concept as well as its evaluative character may imply the necessity to abandon using it in psychologists' ethics codes.
EN
Participation in institutional counselling, which emerged alongside the development of industry and the establishment of various social organisations in the early 20th century, has evolved under the influence of changes in social, economic and cultural life. In this context, a chronological sequence of three counselee types can be identified, including: the patient, the client and homo consultans, each of them guided by different intention behind their engagement in counselling relations. Contemporary homo consultans is a unique hybrid that includes people who seek guidance in traditional ways, people who are “barraged” with unsolicited advice, people who watch others use advice, and “adviceholics,” i.e. people who may be addicted to guidance. It seems that this complex situation both opens up new opportunities and triggers organisational and ethical problems which haunt the organisers of counselling and counsellors employed in counselling institutions.
PL
Uczestniczenie w zinstytucjonalizowanym poradnictwie, które pojawiło się wraz z rozwojem przemysłu i powstawaniem różnych organizacji społecznych w początkach XX wieku, podlegało zmianom, jakie dotyczyły życia społecznego, ekonomicznego i kultury. W związku z tym można wyróżnić kolejno pojawiające się typy osób radzących się: pacjenta, klienta, homo consultansa, kierujących się odmiennymi intencjami w nawiązywanych relacjach poradniczych. Współczesny homo consultans jest swoistą hybrydą mieszczącą w sobie zarówno osoby zasięgające porady w sposób tradycyjny, te, które są „atakowane” poradami, choć ich nie oczekują, ludzi obserwujących korzystanie z porad przez innych, jak i tych, którzy mogą być od porad uzależnieni – „poradoholików”. Ta złożona sytuacja zdaje się zarówno otwierać nowe możliwości, jak i stwarzać problemy natury organizacyjnej i etycznej organizatorom i doradcom zatrudnionym w zinstytucjonalizowanym poradnictwie.
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