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Wegetarianizm ekologiczny jako ratunek dla klimatu i środowiska. Wybrane problemy i kierunki proekologicznych działań

100%
Sitko B.
Facta Ficta. Journal of Theory, Narrative & Media
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2021
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vol. 8
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issue 2
43-57
EN
In times of the current climate and ecological crisis, actions to counteract the problems that generate it are extremely important. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze issues related to vegetarianism from an ecological perspective and to show that a plant-based diet, or one that restricts the consumption of meat and dairy products, is to some extent a salvation for the climate and the environment. This chapter has three main parts. The first deals with the most important issues related to vegetarianism, both in the context of diet and in the ethical dimension, such as the excessive exploitation of animals by humans and cruelty towards them, which is the starting point for further analysis. After that the chapter focuses on the issues of factory farming and consumption of animal products on a large scale. It presents a number of environmental and climate problems caused by these issues. These matters are discussed primarily as part of the analysis of scientific research in this area. On this basis, it was found, that if people do not follow the current recommendations to reduce the consumption of meat and dairy products, it will make other measures to prevent the advancing climate and ecological crisis ineffective. The last part of the chapter deals with the actions that the third sector is taking to solve these problems. This is illustrated by the example of two non-governmental organizations – Otwarte Klatki and Greenpeace. The chapter highlights the fact that such organizations can encourage positive behaviors and attitudes by promoting a plant-based diet, and may play an important role in terms of systemic change. Moreover, it is signaled that their social campaigns concerning the promotion of a menu excluding meat constitute one of the directions of pro-ecological activities in this context.
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Żyć w dobrostanie i w zgodzie z planetą. W poszukiwaniu wzorców kultury umiaru. Wstęp

67%
Czepkiewicz M., Parfianowicz W.
Kultura Współczesna. Teoria. Interpretacje. Praktyka
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2022
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vol. 117
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issue 1
10-14
EN
‘We moderns have never needed a culture of limits as much as we do now’, argues Giorgos Kallis, an environmental scientist working in the field of ecological economics and an advocate of the idea of degrowth, in his book Limits: Why Malthus Was Wrong and Why Environmentalists Should Care. Fuelled by the economic system based on the growing production and consumption, the climate and ecological crisis prompts us to look for alternative models of social life. Profound changes are needed in how we organise our lives and economies – particularly in the countries of the Global North. It is also necessary to reflect on the values that steer these changes. One of them is moderation defined not as renouncement that is enforced by external circumstances and thus experienced as deprivation, but as well-being and living in balance with the environment, or as Kallis puts it, ‘a useful and happy life within the established limits’. Our aim is to look at this issue through the prism of Polish culture and its history. We intend to analyse the past and contemporary practices, communities and ethical systems developed around moderation, self-sufficiency and the concept of good life in harmony with nature. An equally important aspect for us is to study the lack of moderation, intemperance and coerced moderation as phenomena that continue to resurface in the history of Polish culture.
PL
„Nigdy nie potrzebowaliśmy kultury ograniczeń tak bardzo, jak dziś” – pisze w książce Limits: Why Malthus Was Wrong and Why Environmentalists Should Care badacz z nurtu ekonomii ekologicznej i popularyzator idei dewzrostu (degrowth) Giorgos Kallis. Kryzys klimatyczno-ekologiczny, u źródeł którego stoi system gospodarczy oparty na wzroście produkcji i konsumpcji, skłania do poszukiwania alternatywnych modeli życia społecznego. Potrzebujemy głębokich przemian w sposobie organizacji życia i gospodarek – szczególnie w państwach globalnej Północy. Konieczny jest też namysł nad wartościami nadającymi kierunek tym zmianom. Jedną z takich wartości jest umiar, rozumiany nie jako wymuszone zewnętrznymi okolicznościami i doświadczane jako deprywacja wyrzeczenie, ale jako życie w dobrostanie i równowadze z otaczającym środowiskiem, „życie użyteczne i szczęśliwe w ramach ustanowionych granic”, by przywołać znów Kallisa. Naszym celem jest przyjrzenie się tej problematyce w kontekście historii kultury polskiej. Zamierzamy prześledzić istniejące w przeszłości oraz nam współczesne praktyki, społeczności i systemy etyczne zbudowane wokół umiaru, samowystarczalności i dobrego życia w harmonii z przyrodą. Zarazem istotne jest dla nas rozpoznanie braku umiaru, nieumiarkowania lub umiaru będącego wynikiem przymusu, jako zjawisk stale powracających w historii kultury polskiej.
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