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1

The Many Contexts of Translation (Studies)

100%
Dimitriu R.
Linguaculture
|
2015
|
vol. 2015
|
issue 1
5-23
EN
This article examines the ways in which, in just a couple of decades, and in view of the interdisciplinary nature of Translation Studies, the key notion of context has become increasingly broader and diversified within this area of research, allowing for complex analyses of the translators’ activities and decisions, of translation processes and, ultimately, of what accounts for the meaning(s) of a translated text. Consequently, some (brief) incursions are made into a number of (main) directions of the discipline and the related kinds of contexts they prioritized in investigating translation both as process and product. In the second section of this introductory article, the issue of context is particularized through references to the contributions in this special volume, which add new layers of meaning to context, touching upon further perspectives from which this complex notion could be approached.
2

Indexing in fairy tales: Evidence for the role fairy tales play in children’s concept formation

86%
Kantara A.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics
|
2013
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
123-149
EN
Starting from the basic premises of Schank's (1998) notion of indexing in story telling and the representational approach of language (Saeed 1996, 2003), this paper investigates whether fairy tales create initial indexes for children, that may (not) be re-indexed later in adult life, by reshaping their pre-existing experiences. More specifically, it focuses on the way fairy tales present several concepts already familiar to children, and whether this representation matches children’s pre-existing experiences. The data collected comes from several of Grimm Brothers' fairy tales and consists of a corpus of 62839 word tokens. The fairy tales included were thematically related to general areas of everyday experience: femininity, blackness, whiteness, day, night, being young, ageing. The following semantically contradictory lexical pairs (listed with their text frequency) were examined in the expanded concordance, in relation to their collocations and semantic associations: ( 143) old - (58) young, (134) woman - (71) maiden, (116) day - (40) night, (63) white - (83) black. These were then compared with an adults’ and a children’s dictionary to check whether the collocations, semantic associations of the selected words as portrayed in the data, matched the societally accepted meanings found in dictionaries. The comparison indicated that, although the connotative meanings were included in the majority of denotative meanings that make up words' definitions in the adult dictionary examined, only five of them matched the connotative meanings of the words examined in the data. On the other hand, the way the above concepts/words were presented in the children’s dictionary, was very simple, probably reflecting children’s experiences. It seems, thus, that the concepts - at least some of them - presented in the fairy tales examined, do not “officially” relate to children's but to adults' experiences, functioning as an index that re-shapes children’s pre-existing concepts.
3
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Sur la synonymie dans le lexique adjectival – questions de sémantique

72%
Perz M.
Neophilologica
|
2023
|
vol. 35
1-16
EN
The purpose of the present article is to discuss, through adjectival uses, a number of difficulties that affect the synonymy relation. The article reviews various approaches to synonymy and contain a theoretical and applicative dimension. The notion of the object class (G. Gross, W. Banyś) is used to describe the semantics of adjectives in order to disambiguate them. The linguistic approach taken here to describe synonymous units is  that synonymy is relation between words in use. A contextual approach to synonymy can overcome the shortcomings of classical dictionaries of synonyms.
FR
L’objectif de cet article est de discuter, par le biais des emplois adjectivaux, quelques aspects qui alimentent les discussions sur la notion de synonymie. L'étude des faits de synonymie comporte une dimension théorique et une dimension applicative. Dans un premier temps, l'auteure fait quelques considérations sur le concept de la synonymie lui-même afin de rapprocher les diverses facettes de cette notion.  Les analyses sont illustrées à partir des emplois adjectivaux- fixe et stable que l'auteure a retenus, d’une part, par leur polysémie significative, et d’autre part en raison de leur synonymie approximative en langue. Pour décrire le contenu sémantique des adjectifs, l'auteure fait recours à l'approche en termes des classes d'objets - les approches linguistiques dont G. Gross et W. Banyś ont donné un aperçu global. Enfin, quelques difficultés qui émergent des analyses effectuées sont discutées.
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