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A notion of trauma has its roots in psychiatry and medicine where it was theorized at the level of individual. Particularly, in the course of the last decade the concept has established itself extensively as an instrument for analysis of broader social phenomena. Trauma at the collective level is described in variety ways - as a cultural, social, collective or national, if most common descriptions mentioned. The prevalent line of thinking regarding the trauma at the collective level involves constructivist approach taking trauma as socially produced construct.
EN
This article is a self-analytical description of the work of the Laboratorium Teatralno-Społeczne (Social Theatre Laboratory), an artistic collective based in Warsaw. It mainly focuses on the Theatre’s audience/participant involvement strategies and their ways of constructing theatre experiences and telling stories in a participatory style. The author discusses examples of performances, performative actions, ways of creating the dramaturgy and the type of relationships that performers establish with the audience in the work of the Laboratorium Teatralno-Społeczne collective. At the same time, she examines what kinds of challenges are faced by groups and artists who declare their willingness to create participatory art. She seeks to propose interpretative notions for naming and describing these challenges.
EN
The main task of the present paper is to rethink the very idea of community, in comparison with other terms that describe the human collectivity such as-people, society, population, free association, group, collective or aggregate. After analyzing three basic ways of thinking about community-the liberal one, communitarianist and the biopolitical paradigm, the author reconstructs the contemporary concepts of community, such as the “unavowable community” (Maurice Blanchot), “the inoperative community” (Jean-Luc Nancy), “community in question” (Jacques Derrida), “the coming community” (Giorgio Agamben), “a collective” (Bruno Latour), and communitas (Roberto Esposito). As the result of his analyzes the author infers the general conclusion, that what is at stake in philosophical discourse about communities is “conjuring up” or “designing” alternative ways of being, alternative ontologies of the social world.
EN
The article is a self-analytical description of the activities of the Theatre and Social Laboratory (TSL) – an artistic collective operating in Warsaw. The main subjects are strategies for engaging audiences / participants, as well as ways of constructing theatrical experiences, and building and telling stories in the participatory style. The author discusses examples of performances, performative actions, ways of creating dramaturgy and the type of relationships that performers establish with the audience in the work of TSL collective. At the same time, she wonders what kinds of challenges are faced by teams or artists who declare their willingness to create participatory art. She tries to propose interpretation categories for naming and describing these challenges.
EN
This paper, as part of a study explores the reinvention of identity and culture through community making, specifically in the process of creation and way of functioning of autonomous temporal groups and intentional communities through socio-cultural spaces. The analysis makes use of a network of four different organized communities from Western and South-Eastern Europe, namely Toestand (Brussels, Belgium), Termokiss (Prishtina, Kosova), Space Tetova (Tetova, North Macedonia), with a specific focus on the performance of the project − event Uzina (Tirana, Albania). Through an ethnographic approach, based on active participant observation and interviews that are shown below, this research is an attempt to engage the participating members of the different groups in the construction of the thorough insight of the research. The patterns of intercultural contact and reflexive behaviors in this collective’s endeavors, accentuate the complexity of relationships that arise in the course of the collaboration of the network and wider, revealing the ‘agonistic’ dynamics of Self and Other, West and East, unity and diversity, giver and receiver, hierarchy and equality, global and local, concentrating on new social movements and contemporary identity practices in Europe.
EN
In the article the basic administration theories’ views on taking into account of the human factor are revealed. The essence of the phenomenon of conformity in the context of administrative efficiency is analyzed. The features of the manifestation of conformity in social groups are found out. An attempt to determine positive and negative values of conformity in the management team is made. The main aim of the team management is to improve work efficiency, and the most important factor is people. The head leads the basic resource of organization – staff and its potential strength. But the quality of administration and staff mutual understanding is influenced by the row of socio-psychological phenomena. The specificity of this influence, in author’s opinion, is one of the challenging and underexplored issues in the management psychology. One of such important factors is the phenomenon of conformism. Conformism is a conscious or unconscious subordination of the individual to the group influence in which it is included; passive adaptive perception of ready standards in behavior, unconditional admiration of authorities. The degree of conformity depends on several factors: 1 – personal characteristics of the person (age, gender, occupation, personal feelings of competence, self-esteem, physical and mental health; 2 – level of complexity of the problem; 3 – group size, degree of agreement of the majority; 4 – relationship between the person and the group (the higher the degree of commitment to the group, the more evident is conformity); 5 – publicity: in case of open thought expression person demonstrates high level of conformity); 6 – lack of information for decision making; 7 – attitudes of individuals: innovative or authoritarian; 8 – culture mentality. Positive impact of conformity on management is manifested in the increase of the personnel cohesion in crisis situations, simplification of the organization of joint activities, reducing of the adaptation time in the collective, getting rid of thinking how to behave in ordinary situations. As a result of manifestation of conformism the group of supporters is formed, all members share values and norms.Excessive conformism is a psychologically detrimental phenomenon. The person follows the group template without having his own views. Negative traits of conformism are: loss of ability to make decisions and navigate in unfamiliar conditions; creation of conditions and prerequisites for the development of totalitarian sects and countries, implementation of the massacres and genocide; development of various prejudices and biases against minorities; reducing the ability of the individual to make a significant contribution to the culture or science, as well as conformity eradicates original and creative thought. It is concluded that socio-psychological phenomenon of conformism is ambiguous concerning the impact on the management efficiency: on the one hand it helps the leader to influence the collective, unite staff; on the other hand, it hinders openness of staff to new professional solutions, to creative initiatives. Therefore, the manager must consider all aspects of the phenomenon of conformism and adjust its level in collective by means of professional management methods.
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2019
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vol. 12
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issue 20
245-258
FR
Merricks v Mastercard [2019] est la première action examinée par la Cour d’appel du Royaume-Uni, dans le cadre du nouveau régime de procédure collective «opt-out» récemment mis au point en vertu du droit britannique de la concurrence. Cette action est importante tant pour le niveau des dommages (14 milliards de £; 16 milliards de €) que pour la clarification du test juridique au stade de la certification de l’aptitude à une indemnisation globale: la méthode de calcul du dommage et le caractère suffisant des preuves. L’abaissement de ces seuils par la Cour ouvre la voie à de futurs recours collectifs et réaffirme l’importance des procédures collectives en tant que moyen utile de réparation pour les infractions au droit de la concurrence. La décision a maintenant fait l’objet d’un appel devant la Cour suprême du Royaume-Uni, où ces questions peuvent être clarifiées et résolues.
EN
Merricks v Mastercard [2019] is the first action under the newly developed ‘opt-out’ collective proceedings regime for aggregate damages under UK competition law to be considered by the UK Court of Appeal. It is significant for both the level of damages (£14 billion (€16 billion)) and the clarification of the legal test at the certification stage for the suitability for an aggregate award: the method for calculation of the aggregate damages and the sufficiency of evidence. The Court’s lowering of these thresholds importantly opens the door to future class actions and reasserts the importance of collective proceedings as a valuable means of redress for competition law infringements. The decision has now been appealed to the UK Supreme Court where these issues may be further clarified and resolved.
EN
This paper develops the concept of a posthumanist, more-than-human collective by focusing on conflictual relationships between humans and sewer rats. I propose to look at the absence of empathy in urban rat control programs through the framework of a necropolitics of war and colonization. I seek to examine how an interspecies community may be organized to simultaneously protect human interests and meet the requirements of animals' well-being. I analyze the reasons why the idea of a reduction in animals' suffering does not exist in public discourses on rat eradication. I claim that to create an interspecies collective composed of populations in conflict it is necessary to consider ideas of animal liberation and reconstruct cultural codes concerning rats.
PL
Artykuł jest rozwinięciem koncepcji posthumanistycznego, ludzko-nie-ludzkiego kolektywu, skoncentrowanym na konfliktowej relacji między ludźmi a szczurami kanałowymi. Przyglądam się brakowi empatii w programach eksterminacji tych zwierząt, zwracając uwagę na nekropolityczną narrację wojny i kolonizacji dominującą w dyskursie okołoderatyzacyjnym. Próbuję odpowiedzieć na pytanie, jak powinna być zorganizowana międzygatunkowa wspólnota, żeby chroniąc interesy ludzi, spełniała zarazem podstawowe wymogi dobrostanu zwierząt. Analizuję główne przyczyny, dla których pomysły ograniczenia cierpienia zwierząt w programach deratyzacyjnych nie funkcjonują w debacie publicznej. Stawiam tezę, że dla stworzenia międzygatunkowego kolektywu złożonego z populacji pozostających w konflikcie, konieczne jest zaangażowanie aktywistów prozwierzęcych, transparentność praktyk oraz upowszechnienie alternatywnych kodów kulturowych określających wizerunek szczura.
EN
In logic the concepts of set and class are understood in two senses: distributively (in set theory) or collectively (in mereology). This paper discusses problems of the usefulness of both the concepts in evolutionary biology, particularly in cross–researches of the biological taxonomy, evolutionism and genetics.
EN
The aim of this article is to show the influence of Makarenko’s conception of upbringing on the reorganising of the orphan care system in the PRL. A valuable source of information on the subject are pedagogical periodicals, which enable us to reconstruct the degree to which Makarenko’s views were implemented and determine which of his ways and methods of upbringing caught on in Polish orphanages. The author also raises the question of how the collective upbringing system could be an inspiration for educators today.
EN
The amendment of 5 July 2018 introduced some changes to the Trade Unions Act of 1991 in the scope of the rules for the acquisition and loss of legal status of a company trade union by trade unions in the workplace. The legislator extended the catalogue of events resulting in the loss of the status of a company trade union organization and established a juridical procedure for verifying the number of trade union members indicated in the information presented to the employer. These amendments were aimed at eliminating the state of uncertainty resulting from the existing regulations. However at the sametime, the legislator did not regulate the legal consequences of losing the status of a company trade union organization in relation to the sphere of company sources of labor law. The author notices the legal gap in this field and related interpretation problems, indicating the need for regulating this issue by the legislator.
PL
Nowelizacja z dnia 5 lipca 2018 r. wprowadziła do ustawy o związkach zawodowych pewne zmiany w zakresie zasad nabywania i utraty uprawnień zakładowej organizacji związkowej przez związki zawodowe działające w zakładzie pracy. Ustawodawca rozszerzył katalog zdarzeń skutkujących utratą uprawnień zakładowej organizacji związkowej i ustanowił procedurę weryfikacji liczby członków związku zawodowego wskazanej w informacji przedstawianej pracodawcy. Zmiany te miały na celu usunięcie stanu niepewności wynikającego z dotychczas obowiązujących regulacji. Jednocześnie ustawodawca nie uregulował skutków utraty uprawnień zakładowej organizacji związkowej w odniesieniu do sfery zakładowych źródeł prawa pracy. Autorka zwraca uwagę na lukę prawną w tym zakresie i wynikające z niej problemy, wskazując na konieczność uregulowania tej kwestii przez ustawodawcę
EN
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the continuing relevance of some elements of Anton Makarenko’s pedagogical thought. My other aim is to reinterpret those elements in the light of contemporary theories of commonality and communal education. The category that is reinterpreted in relation to the modern theories of the production of the common and the new forms of being together that thus produced, is Makarenko’s notion of the “collective”. Based upon this, I propose an idea of a collectivizing pedagogy, that is a remedy for the current neoliberal delegitimization of all forms of common identity, and the latter’s effects such as incapability of imagining (and consequently teaching about) the possibility of a communal, solidary action.
EN
In the paper the question about philosophical components of Anton Semenovitch Makarenko’s educational system is discussed, and it is aimed to emphasize a new methodological approach to education and pedagogy. The author suggests and shows that it is necessary to take into deliberation this topic, on account of child outlook it develops both on educational and pedagogical ground, as well, starting with personal behavior of educator, and interaction with other people, and finishing with moral needs of the personality. Thus, in author’s opinion it might be possible to create some scientific paradigm which could allow to take a look at moral and ethical education of children from positions of axiology that are related to goals of present paper and having a particular meaning for specialized scholars, philosophers and sociologists. Moreover, such topics draw attention of international community, as far as ethical crisis of present world presupposes that all who want to go out of narrow frameworks of pedagogy as science about children and have pedagogy as science about man and personality try hard to realize such project. Besides, axiological approach to education and pedagogical sciences allows thinking that latters must be “built up” on the basis of pluralism, because they imply a multidisciplinary and multilayer approach to the personality based on dialogue as core for creating new behavior, it means ethically oriented paths in education, taking into account the fact that only an ethical regulation of conflicts in collective can give the possibility of a really development of such personal qualities as altruism, diligence, generosity, that are needed in interpersonal relations, at work, at school and in every place where takes place any form of personal interaction. The author of the present paper is convicted that Anton Makarenko’s ideas can help modern specialized scholars, studying his pedagogical heritage by creation of such new look at Makarenko’s studies as axiological one. Moreover, scholars of other fields of research can use Makarenko’s ideas in seeking for solution to the problem of anthropological crisis of a modern society due to maladjustment and absence of concrete values, having a deep moral and psychological meaning for youth. The aim of the author is underscoring how discourse must become an important and inherent part in pedagogical sciences, and in such important fields, related to this: education and formation. Discourse ought to become a possibility in disclosing pedagogy, education and formation to outer world, because it is necessary that they have a direct contact with society and environment, as far as it is impossible to figure out pedagogy out of the society and vice versa, if taking into account their complementary character, which can have a positive influence both on pedagogy and society. Pedagogy cannot be content with researching theoretical way to solving eternal questions concerning it, science has to be a battlefield where practice must be a prerequisite and factor for further development of the science. From this point of view, it is interesting to use Makarenko’s, Dewey’s ideas in order to create a pedagogical pragmatism, which can go out and get free of outdated conceptions. This process has to go in favors of a pedagogy and education that have to be aimed at observing and studying formation of the child’s personality and his or her development into a fully rounded moral person, as far as this process must arise on the background of democratic principles, being ever background of pedagogy as a driving force of society.
EN
The paper sets a goal to demonstrate the question about a modern interpretation of Anton Semenovitch Makarenko’s legacy. Especially, in the paper is suggested how for the coaching, a modern management technique, is necessary to accept and use the person educational method developed by A. Makarenko. The coaching consents to understand more deeply the ideas of the pedagogue, in order to define a concrete possibility to effectively use the pedagogical work of A. Makarenko in the present time, when educational and pedagogical institutions continue fading into insignificance in order to adapt themselves to training, which nowadays is considered the principal criterion in regard to evaluation of pupils’ abilities and skills of a number of educational institutions. Not even is clear that is not needed to throw the baby out with the bathwater, throwing to the wolves the best you can have among the past models in education and pedagogy, and this way, we have to give a special place to Anton Semenovitch Makarenko’s model, internationally acclaimed either at Cuba and in France, where are used his ideas about collective, education through the labor and so on. Anyway, to resolve the problem of socialization and education of his pupils, Anton Semenovitch used the collective and the general assembly of the Colony of labor named after M. Gorki. Here he used the coaching, the ability to create an environment where former criminal could have the possibility to express themselves, experience positive emotions, doing something for the community where they lived. This way, working and managing the Colony, they reach some goal and developed their social, personal potential and creativity. Such educational means as the vis-à-vis colloquium with the pupils and the perspective lines system helped Anton Semenovitch in his tasks, because he strongly believed that the main role in choosing new perspective is played by the emotions and the furthest they are, the best they are efficient as far expectation increases a positive anticipatory tension, leading the consciousness towards the realization of the desired event. So, in the psychology of Makarenko’s pupils arose new motivations of behavior pushing them away from the past and, moreover, criminal life, changing their attitude to the society, their community and life, as well. Nowadays, we can use Makarenko’s ideas in regard to children with deviant behavior, as far as in our “liquid society” (genial utterance by Sigmund Bauman) the pervert charm of the social evil, with its social and ethical ambiguity can jeopardize the life of every children.
EN
This paper investigates one of the “posthumanist” propositions of redefining notion of community. It argues that in order to expand community as regards nonhuman animals (Haraway) and technology, things (Latour) it is necessary to go beyond dichotomy of means and ends, instrumental and communicative action.  
PL
Celem tekstu jest wskazanie przykładowych sposobów zredefiniowania pojęcia wspólnoty z perspektywy filozofii 'posthumanistycznej'. Osią rozważań będzie próba wyjścia poza dychotomię środków i celów,  działań instrumentalnych i komunikacyjnych jako warunek możliwości poszerzenia wspólnoty o aktorów pozaludzkich: zarówno nie-ludzkich zwierząt (Haraway), jak i technologię oraz rzeczy (Latour).
EN
Modern political thinkers have ushered in the theoretical concepts of modern alliances and collective security/defense. Before these political theories were turned into modern organizations, many radical changes had to take place in how international relations were perceived in Europe and the world. These dynamic changes started at the end of the Thirty Years War, with the signing of the Westphalia treaties in 1648, and came to fruition with the forming of the League of Nations in 1920. This article explores this 272 year historical process including its impact on the population of the Baltic Sea countries.
Path of Science
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2016
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vol. 2
|
issue 2(7)
2.16-2.29
UK
Розроблена й апробована методика підвищення ефективності роботи трудового колективу за рахунок поліпшення соціально-психологічного клімату. На основі анкетного опитування, використовуючи окремі експертні характеристики взаємин людей у колективі, вимірюється інтегральний показник взаємин у колективі, потім розробляються заходи для коригування поведінки його членів з метою поліпшення морально-психологічного клімату.
EN
The method of increase of efficiency of work of labor collective is developed and approved due to the improvement of socially psychological climate. On the basis of the questionnaire questioning, utilizing separate expert descriptions of mutual relations of people in a collective, the integral index of mutual relations is measured in a collective, measures are then developed for the correction of conduct of his cocks with the purpose of improvement of morally psychological climate.
EN
The article deals with the evolution of labour law sources in Poland (legislation, collective agreements, internal acts issued unilaterally by the employer). Before 1989 the labour law sources were deeply influenced by the specific attributes of the political and economic system in which the dominant role was played by the state as the main owner and the subject organising any and all economic activity. The real social dialogue was non- existent. Nowadays the social dialogue constitutes one of the foundations of the socio-economic system of the Republic of Poland. As a result, working conditions may be determined autonomously by the social partners (the state guarantees the minimum employment standards). On the other hand, the text discusses the most important problems of the contemporary social dialogue in Poland: the weakness of trade unions and elected bodies; a dominant role of the state legislation as well as the limited scope of the application of collective agreements. Finally, the author formulates a number of proposals concerning the future of the labourlaw sources.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje ewolucję źródeł prawa w Polsce (ustawodawstwo, porozumienia zbiorowe, jednostronne akty wydawane przez pracodawców). Przed 1989 r. system źródeł prawa pracy pozostawał pod wpływem specyficznych cech dawnego ustroju politycznego i gospodarczego, w którym państwo było głównym właścicielem oraz podmiotem decydującym o funkcjonowaniu gospodarki. Rzeczywisty dialog społeczny nie istniał. Obecnie dialog społeczny stanowi jeden z fundamentów ustroju państwa. W rezultacie warunki zatrudnienia mogą być kształtowane autonomicznie przez partnerów społecznych (państwo gwarantuje minimalne standardy zatrudnienia). Jednocześnie w artykule wskazano charakterystyczne problemy współczesnego dialogu społecznego: słabość związków zawodowych i przedstawicielstw wybieranych, dominację ustawodawstwa oraz mały zakres objęcia pracowników postanowieniami porozumień zbiorowych. Ponadto autor formułuje pewne wnioski na przyszłość.
PL
Tekst prezentuje instytucję zwolnień grupowych w polskim prawie pracy. Autor przedstawia jej historyczny rozwój oraz cele, którym mają służyć badane regulacje. Tekst zawiera analizę procedury zwolnień grupowych z udziałem podmiotów zbiorowych reprezentujących pracowników, obowiązki pracodawcy wobec podmiotów publicznych, ułatwienia w rozwiązywaniu stosunków pracy i wreszcie uprawnienia przysługujące zwalnianym pracownikom. Przepisy są oceniane z perspektywy standardów ochronnych, jak również wymagań prawa Unii Europejskiej. Autor wskazuje kwestie budzące wątpliwości oraz formułuje wnioski de lege ferenda
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