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EN
This article aims to review a new commentary to the Public Finance Act, published in mid-2014., and prepared under the editorship of the specialists from the Sejm Bureau of Research. The originality of this review lies in its interdisciplinary perspective: in addition to the typical legal-dogmatic analysis, the subsequent articles of the Act are accompanied by comprehensive economic and statistical interpretation. The author of the review highlights the practical character of the commentary and its usefulness to those who are engaged in the issues of public finances, as well as the innovative nature of financial comments, distinguishing the book from similar publications. He points out the problems related to the entry into force of the new European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) which, due to the date on which the publication appeared, was presented only to a limited extent.
EN
By dint of efficient compilation of genres, Tibullus changes his elegy I 1 into a syncretic form, vivid combination of comedy, hymns, bucolic elements and others. The poet raises many themes, like love to a girl or affection to the country. His elegy is no less erudite than the poetry of Propertius
EN
The commentary concerns the ruling of the Supreme Administrative Court on the Act of 28 June 2012 on the Repayment of Certain Dues to Enterprises Resulting from Implementing Awarded Public Contracts. The authors tend to conclude that the main thesis of the commented ruling of the Supreme Administrative Court, i.e. excluding the applicability of the Code of Administrative Procedure to actions taken by the Director General for National Roads and Motorways in connection with claims for payment due to subcontractors on the basis of the above mentioned Act raises important concerns about its correctness. It is debatable from the point of view of both the general structure of administrative law, and the purposes of the above mentioned Act which was to create a special procedure for repayment of dues to subcontractors. In the light of the circumstances of the adoption of the bill and its provisions, it is difficult to accept the view the adoption of which not only deprives subcontractors efficient and low-cost administrative mode to review the decision of the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA), but compels them to initiate additional civil proceedings before common courts, the subject of which will, in fact, be the examination of the correctness of operation of GDDKiA as a public authority.
EN
ncidental vocabulary learning has attracted a great deal of attention in ELT research. However, it is important that teacher and researcher exploitation of vocabulary developments be guided by more than replication of previous research designs. For conclusions based on empirical research to be valid, it is important to be clear about exactly what any data being gathered pertains to. While Karakaş & Sariçoban (2012) claim to have presented a solid piece of research on the effects of subtitled cartoons on incidental vocabulary learning, in practice it is not so. It is argued that the research design validity resulted in questionable results having little relevance to genuine incidental vocabulary learning.
Studia Slavica
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2013
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vol. 17
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issue 1
115-124
EN
The article contains a description of the stylistic aspect of journalist blogs. This genre is representative of Web journalism. The author points to the similarity of blogs to the press commentary, while stressing that the web space causes the remediatization of all genres, due to the characteristics of the medium. The main purpose of the study is to describe the style plane of the genre and to characterize the stylistic exponents, which are determined pragmatically (e.g. the type of contact between the sender and the addressee, interactivity, persuasiveness, and others). Seeking to activate the addressee's interaction justifies the presence of phenomena such as simulation of an informal dialogue contact, an increasing use strategies typical of face-to-face communication, language plays (in particular, utilizing various functions of the colloquial variety). Literatura
EN
The article is an attempt to outline the tendencies in translations of ancient literature appearing in the new millennium. It introduces answers to the question of who is the new translator of ancient literature, what competences does he/she bring, and what impact this shift has on the selection of translatable texts, strategies of translation and the paratext.
Stylistyka
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2018
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vol. 27
267-290
EN
The article focusses on commentary as a text genre in the daily press. The aim of the first part is to present the prototypical marks and characteristic differences of the genre as well as its conditions. The second part discusses possible ways of broadening the genre pattern on the basis of the analysed samples from the daily press of different ranges: newspapers of nationwide, regional, and local range according to selected criteria. The article strives to answer the question about the form of the contemporary press commentary. It also attempts to explain the reasons why journalists tend to depart from the pattern of the genre.
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EN
Commentary-production work is one of the current trends on the Polish Internet. More and more Internet users start their adventure by creating materials that comment, discuss and sometimes stigmatize the behavior of other Internet users – especially influencers. The article discusses the key, in the author’s opinion, legal problems resulting from the type of creativity, that is commentary-type materials. The study analyzes copyright issues in the form of the right to quote, protection of personal rights – dignity and good name, criminal law – defamation, and the secrecy of information sources. The article also provides practical advice for commentary creators to facilitate their online activities.
PL
Twórczość commentary jest jednym z obecnych trendów w polskim Internecie. Coraz więcej internautów rozpoczyna swoja przygodę z tworzeniem materiałów komentujących, omawiających, a czasem i piętnujących zachowania innych użytkowników Internetu – zwłaszcza influencerów. W artykule omówiono kluczowe w opinii autora problemy prawne wynikające z rodzaju twórczości, jaką są materiały typu commentary. W opracowaniu przeanalizowano: problematykę prawa autorskiego w postaci prawa cytatu, ochrony dóbr osobistych – czci i dobrego imienia, prawa karnego – zniesławienia, a także zagadnienie tajemnicy źródeł informacji. W artykule przedstawiono również praktyczne porady dla osób zajmujących się commentary, aby ułatwić im działalność w Internecie.
EN
György TóthUniversity of StirlingScotland, United Kingdom Epilogue-Turning to the Wall: Concepts across Space and Time Abstract: The epilogue to this journal issue interrogates a variety of aspects of walls as mental structures and tropes of historical memory. Engaging with the issue’s contributing authors, Tóth argues that the idea of the wall functions as metonymy, activating a siege mentality and mobilizing its target audience – hence its rhetorical power and attraction as policy. Discussing the wall’s symbology as a border of the nation state but also pointing out its increasing privatization, the piece concludes with an exploration of the potential that walls may have for the creative subversion of their original function to seal off, categorize and divide humans. Keywords: commentary, Trump, historical memory, metonymy, art
PL
The passage from the Terentian comedy Phormio, v. 778–782, contains few interesting expressions, which are described in the article. First of all this short commentary examines the meaning of the Latin noun versura, attested in line no. 780. Versura is used in Phormio in a phrase vosuram solvere, which may mean to solve the loan agreement or to pay off the loan. Other phrases in the presented passage create a context for our analysed noun, especially: in eodem luto haesitas – you are getting stuck in the same mud. This proverbial expression emphasizes repetition of the situation and has probably the same iterative meaning as versuram solvere. Therefore we may assume, that versuram solvere means in the play: borrowing money on interest to pay a previous debt. The whole image of repeated problems is being summarized by the character of the play saying: plagae crescunt – the number of lashes increases. This expression is to show the gradation of the troublesand it proves, that also versura must include some kind of gradation, i. e. the growth of interest. The article shows phraseology, which is employed to depict slave’s action – proverbial and legal expressions are used to build a metaphor in the character’s utterance. This metaphor is built by all of the mentioned expressions in eodem luto haesitas, vorsuram solves, plagae crescunt. The first two expressions start the figure called climax and plagae crescunt summarizes this stylistic device. Moreover this whole image has been used by Terence to demonstrate the progress of the complex plot in the play – the slave has already carried on two intrigues and to avoid the consequences of his actions he might make the third fraud.
EN
Some specific lexemes in the Old Bulgarian translation of Hippolytus of Rome’s Commentaries on the Book of Prophet DanielThe object of the current research is Talkovanie na Kniga na propok Daniil – the Slavonic version of the Commentaries on the Book of Prophet Daniel (Commentarii in Danielem, CPG 1873) by Hippolytus of Rome (c. 170–235), the earliest and most profound commentaries on this Old Testament book. They were written round 204 and their translation into Old Bulgarian can be counted among the earliest works of Bulgarian literature. The time of the Commentaries’ translation is under discussion, its dating ranging from the last decades of the ninth to the middle of the tenth century. Some linguistic facts of the Commentaries have sporadically been compared with the partial translation of the Book of the Prophet Daniel, included in the Prophetologion. Also, some comparisons have been made between the Slavonic translation of the Commentaries and the so-called Talkovni proroci – a translation of Old Testament books of prophets with commentaries. The analysis is based on a 1519 manuscript of the Commentaries (No. 486 from the Volokolamsk Collection, Russian State Library, Moscow), which follows the tradition of the earlier copies and most profoundly keeps the content of the Commentaries. In addition to morphological particularities, in the text there are many lexical idiosyncrasies, which can facilitate the dating and localization of the translation. Among these lexical markers can be singled out which show more interesting data. Many lexemes can be found which are particular to the early written codices and testify to the antiquity of the translation. For instance, some specific lexemes match with words, used in the Codex Suprasliensis and the First Miscellany of Tsar Simeon (Izbornik of 1073), which shows that the Commentaries are one of the earliest translated works of the Old Bulgarian literature. Wybrane charakterystyczne leksemy w starobułgarskim przekładzie Komentarzy do Księgi Proroka Daniela Hipolita RzymskiegoPrzedmiotem artykułu jest słowiańska wersja Komentarzy do Księgi Proroka Daniela (Commentarii in Danielem, CPG 1873) autorstwa Hipolita Rzymskiego (ok. 170–235), najwcześniejszych i najbardziej wnikliwych komentarzy do tej starotestamentowej księgi. Zostały one napisane około 204 roku, a ich przekład na język starobułgarski sytuuje się wśród najstarszych dzieł literatury bułgarskiej. Wciąż dyskutowany jest czas jego powstania: od ostatnich dekad wieku IX do połowy X. Niektóre fakty językowe związane z Komentarzami były sporadycznie porównywane z częściowym przekładem Księgi Proroka Daniela, zawartym w paremejniku. Porównywano także słowiański przekład Komentarzy z tak zwaną Księgą Proroków Starego Testamentu wraz z komentarzami. Artykuł koncentruje się na rękopisie z 1519 roku (Nr 486 w Zbiorze z Biblioteki Wołokołamska, Rosyjska Biblioteka Państwowa, Moskwa), który śledzi tradycję wcześniejszych kopii i najdokładniej zachowuje zawartość Komentarzy. Oprócz ich morfologicznej specyfiki w tekście znajduje się wiele cech leksykalnych, które pomagają określić datę i miejsce powstania przekładu. Wśród nich znajdują się markery leksykalne, które zasługują na uwagę, gdyż prowadzą do ciekawych odkryć. Wiele leksemów zawartych w tekście odnosi się do wczesnych kodeksów i świadczy o starożytności przekładu. Niektóre charakterystyczne leksemy łączą się ze słowami użytymi w Codex Suprasliensis i Pierwszym Zborniku Cara Symeona (Izbornik, 1073 rok), co dowodzi, że Komentarze są jedną z najwcześniejszych przetłumaczonych prac w obrębie literatury starobułgarskiej.
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De Aeschyli Amymona satyrica

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EN
The paper offers a survey of Aeschylus’ satyr drama Amymone, which was staged probably in 463 BC together with the trilogy of the Danaids. After discussion on the argument of the play and its possible reconstruction, the three surviving fragments are presented with critical text, Latin translation and thorough commentary.
EN
One of the specific features of the oldest complete Czech Bible translation from around 1360 is the expository notes that are inserted directly into the text following points which the translator(s) considered to be rather difficult to understand. This article summarizes research into the possible sources of these expository notes in the Book of Tobiah and the Acts of the Apostles. It also refers to the method used by the translator of these books to transfer the original commentaries. The results indicate that the primary source of Czech biblical expository notes in these books is Postilla litteralis by Nicholas of Lyra, while some of them also come from the expository reference work Glossa ordinaria, particularly from its interlinear glosses. Some of the expository notes do not come from either of these sources. Examples are used to show that the translator made rather free use of these expository notes, often abridging or amending them.
EN
The author analyses commentaries on classical music in the Polish media. She indicates that this kind of journalism appears rarely in the broad-range press, on the radio and on television, but that it plays an important role in culture and music press. As far as the broadcast media are concerned, it appears mainly in the public media. The author analy-ses selected press titles, their genres and content. She observes that the functions of press are more and more often adopted by the Internet (the Internet fora or musical blogs). The restricted number of commentary genres is transparent in press articles, while reviews and interviews are most frequent. The authors of these texts are often inexperienced and lack appropriate education. One of the reasons of the limitations of the music commen-tary is that the articles and programmes seem interesting only to a small group of receiv-ers, and the senders are subject to conditions of the free market and conform to the most common tastes. Therefore, when analysing this issue, the receiver’s perspective seems very important. Media interest in music commentary depends on the receivers’ cultural activity, and this activity depends on the level of general education and music culture in the country. Polish music tradition is much weaker than in many other countries, such as Germany. The abandonment of musical commentary would be unfavourable, because such journalism plays many important functions, such as culture- and opinion-making functions.
PL
W glosie autor krytycznie odnosi się do uzasadnienia wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 6 listopada 2012 r. (sygn. V KK 139/12). Sąd zmienił zaskarżony wyrok dożywotniego pozbawienia wolności poprzez wyznaczenie surowszego ograniczenia do skorzystania z warunkowego zwolnienia (dopiero po odbyciu 40 lat pozbawienia wolności). Zdaniem autora takie rozstrzygnięcie narusza regułę ne peius. Sąd błędnie zinterpretował art. 454 § 3 Kodeksu postępowania karnego poprzestając jedynie na jego językowej wykładni, bez odniesienia się do wartości leżących u jego podstaw.
EN
In this commentary the author criticizes the justification of the judgment of the Supreme Court of 6 November 2012 (ref. V KK 139/12). The Court changed the contested judgment of life imprisonment by imposing stricter restriction to be released on parole (after completing 40 years of imprisonment). According to the author such conclusion violates ne peius rule. The Court misinterpreted art. 454 § 3 of the Code of Criminal Procedure by limiting himself only to the linguistic interpretation, without reference to its underlying values.
EN
The article is a critical appraisal of one of the most vital publications concerning Norwid and his biography: Kalendarz życia i twórczosci Cypriana Norwida [Norwid’s life and work calendar], published by Wydawnictwo Poznańskie in 2007. This ample publication has 141 publication sheets that is 1816 printed pages (vol. 1 – pp. 800, vol. 2 – pp. 800, vol. 3 – pp. 216). It constitutes an enormous achievement of the Poznan-based Polish Studies milieu. It is a collective publication, developed by a research team headed by Professor Zofia Trojanowiczowa (co-authors being as follows: Elżbieta Lijewska, Zofia Dambek and Małgorzata Pluty, Jolanta Czarnomorska and Iwona Grzeszczak). The author of the review makes a number of corrections as regards dates and facts, yet he approaches the results of the huge collective research effort with a great deal of researcher’s humility, indispensable in pursuit of historical facts. In his analyses, the author employs the contextual apparatus: historical and philological. The author proves that Norwid’s Calendar is an undeniable source of invaluable knowledge, yet he shows that in this kind of research there is always “endless work of History” waiting ahead.
Vox Patrum
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2007
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vol. 50
345-372
PL
Komentarz do 46. Listu św. Hieronima o miejscach świętych.
EN
Commentary to the 46th letter of St. Jerome about the holy places.
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